Handler机制实现线程间通信
如何实现
通过send或post方法将message提交到当前handle所在线程的MessageQueue中，当前线程关联的Looper不断循环在messageQueue中取出message
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
分发给对应的handler消耗Looper是什么
我们通过Looper().prepare()给当前线程设置一个Looper，其关联函数如下
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
//用以判断当前线程是否已创建Looper
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
//新建Looper对象与当前线程绑定
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
//一个Looper对象管理一个MessageQueue对象
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
//获取当前Thread对象
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
执行完Looper().prepare()后就为该线程创建了一个与之绑定的Looper对象，并且有一个受该Looper管理的MessageQueue，作为message的容器。
new Thread(
new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Looper.prepare();
handler.sendEmptyMessage(0x123);
Looper.loop();
}
})
可以看到prerare()后还有一个loop()函数
public static void loop() {
//获得Looper对象
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
//得到该Looper对象管理的MessageQueue
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
//执行循环操作，通过next()得到queue中的message分发到handler中，可能会堵塞
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
//这里的target就是handler对象
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
//设置message处理完毕
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
loop()函数会开启循环，将MessageQueue中的message分配出去进行处理
- Handler发出message与处理
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
//获得当前线程的Looper对象
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
//取出MessageQueue对象
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
在线程中创建handler时，我们就已经给handler对象传递了当前线程对应的唯一的MessageQueue
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
//获取该handler所在线程的MessageQueue
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
//给msg.target赋值
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
到这里，我们就给将 message加入到handler所在线程对应的MessageQueue中，并且指定了处理message的handler。
///Loop()方法中调用此方法，执行对message的处理
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
一个线程只能有一个Looper，且只能有一个MessageQueue，但是可以绑定多个handler处理不同事件
HandlerThread
继承自Thread，自身带有一个Looper对象，可用来新建handler。一般用来执行耗时操作，与自定义Thread再执行Looper.prepare()效果相同。