【java】java天气消息推送至微信公众号详细教程
文章目录
- 读前必看
- 测试号推送
- 天气接口获取数据
谁说程序员不懂浪漫? 将你的关心 推送至微信公众号 给女朋友及时的关怀~（这位同学 你女朋友呢？）
读前必看
关于微信开发平台，小程序和公众号是不一样的，而公众号又会区分订阅号、服务号、测试号，服务号会比订阅号拥有更多权限，而订阅号又区分是否个人主体，很不幸博主一开始在捣鼓的是个人主体的订阅号，试了半天，然后看到了文档 发现这类公众号什么权限都没有:
干得漂亮 … 当然 如果不是个人主体的订阅号 或者是服务号的同学，是可以在这页面继续认证的
那既然这个什么都干不了，我们可以转战测试号，测试号有个很明显的弊端就是公众号名称很难看 还改不了。。。
当然 相信同学们的对象(new Object() ) 是不会嫌弃的
本文主要介绍测试号如何推送，当然 如果你的订阅号不是个人主体 也可以参考一下 基本是差不多的，但如果是个人主体，调用没权限的接口就会报48001。
测试号推送
- 首先我们在微信公众号平台 https://mp.weixin.qq.com/ 找到开发者工具
选择公众平台测试账号
这里需要注意的是 URL需要公网，如果没有服务器域名，我们可以使用免费的内网穿透软件 博主这里使用的是natapp，natapp可以将本地ip端口映射到公网域名
如下图 http://xxxx.xxfree.cc 其实就是127.0.0.1:8080(项目地址)映射的
/wx 是我们项目中的路径 也就是@RequestMapping(“/wx”)
在提交前 我们需要服务端已经写好了接口 用于校验URL 代码如下：
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/wx")
public class WeChatUrlController {
/**
* 用于微信公众号平台URL校验
* @param req
* @param response
* @throws Exception
*/
@GetMapping
public void weChatConnect(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
Signature sg = new Signature(
req.getParameter("signature"),
req.getParameter("timestamp"),
req.getParameter("nonce"),
req.getParameter("echostr"));
ServletInputStream inputStream = req.getInputStream();
String s = IOUtils.toString(inputStream, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(s);
String method = req.getMethod();
// 如果是微信发过来的GET请求
if ("GET".equals(method)) {
if (CheckUtil.checkSignature(sg)) {
System.out.println("微信连接成功！");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.getWriter().write(sg.getEchostr());
}
}
}
}
public class Signature {
private String signature;
private String timestamp;
private String nonce;
private String echostr;
public Signature() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public Signature(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce, String echostr) {
super();
this.signature = signature;
this.timestamp = timestamp;
this.nonce = nonce;
this.echostr = echostr;
}
public String getSignature() {
return signature;
}
public void setSignature(String signature) {
this.signature = signature;
}
public String getTimestamp() {
return timestamp;
}
public void setTimestamp(String timestamp) {
this.timestamp = timestamp;
}
public String getNonce() {
return nonce;
}
public void setNonce(String nonce) {
this.nonce = nonce;
}
public String getEchostr() {
return echostr;
}
public void setEchostr(String echostr) {
this.echostr = echostr;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Signature [signature=" + signature + ", timestamp=" + timestamp + ", nonce=" + nonce + ", echostr="
+ echostr + "]";
}
}
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class CheckUtil {
// 换成你自己定义的token
private static final String token = "xxxx";
public static boolean checkSignature(Signature sg) {
String[] arr = new String[] { token, sg.getTimestamp(), sg.getNonce() };
// 排序
Arrays.sort(arr);
// 生成字符串
StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
content.append(arr[i]);
}
// sha1加密
String temp = getSha1(content.toString());
// 比较
return temp.equals(sg.getSignature());
}
// 加密算法
public static String getSha1(String str) {
if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
return null;
}
char hexDigits[] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };
try {
MessageDigest mdTemp = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
mdTemp.update(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));
byte[] md = mdTemp.digest();
int j = md.length;
char buf[] = new char[j * 2];
int k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
byte byte0 = md[i];
buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];
buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];
}
return new String(buf);
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
}
-
提交成功后 第二步就是获取用户的openId了
我们可以引入一个starter 大幅度简化代码 不用再手动去调用url了
com.github.binarywang wx-java-mp-spring-boot-starter 4.0.0 获取openId的方法 我们同样写在WeChatUrlController, 完整代码变为如下：
import me.chanjar.weixin.mp.api.WxMpService;
import me.chanjar.weixin.mp.api.WxMpUserService;
import me.chanjar.weixin.mp.bean.result.WxMpUserList;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/wx")
public class WeChatUrlController {
@Autowired
private WxMpService wxMpService;
/**
* 用于微信公众号平台URL校验
* @param req
* @param response
* @throws Exception
*/
@GetMapping
public void weChatConnect(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
Signature sg = new Signature(
req.getParameter("signature"),
req.getParameter("timestamp"),
req.getParameter("nonce"),
req.getParameter("echostr"));
ServletInputStream inputStream = req.getInputStream();
String s = IOUtils.toString(inputStream, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(s);
String method = req.getMethod();
// 如果是微信发过来的GET请求
if ("GET".equals(method)) {
if (CheckUtil.checkSignature(sg)) {
System.out.println("微信连接成功！");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.getWriter().write(sg.getEchostr());
}
}
}
/**
* 获取用户的 openId
* @param req
* @param response
* @throws Exception
*/
@PostMapping
public void getUserInfo(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// 方式一 获取所有关注该公众号的用户的openId
WxMpUserService userService = wxMpService.getUserService();
WxMpUserList wxMpUserList = userService.userList("");
List<String> openIds = wxMpUserList.getOpenids();
System.out.println(openIds);
// 方式二 让用户在微信公众号发消息 会进入此接口 （POST请求 和我们设置的URL /wx 对应）
ServletInputStream inputStream = req.getInputStream();
String s = IOUtils.toString(inputStream, "UTF-8");
// 打印结果中的 FromUserName节点 - 设置消息模板 在设置URL的同个页面 往下翻 复制模板id
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.qiuhuanhen.sendforyou.entity.WeChatTemplateMsg;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class Message {
@PostConstruct
@GetMapping("/sendMessage")
public String sendMessage() {
// 模板参数
Map<String, WeChatTemplateMsg> sendMag = new HashMap<String, WeChatTemplateMsg>();
// 需要替换成你自己的三个参数
// openId代表一个唯一微信用户，即微信消息的接收人
String openId = "x-xxx";
// 消息模板id
String templateId = "xxxx";
// 微信的基础accessToken
String accessToken =
"x-xx-xxx";
String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=" + accessToken;
/**
* key和模板id相对应 这里取了两个key做测试
**/
sendMag.put("temperatureDay", new WeChatTemplateMsg("111"));
sendMag.put("weatherDay", new WeChatTemplateMsg("333"));
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
//拼接base参数
Map<String, Object> sendBody = new HashMap<>();
sendBody.put("touser", openId); // openId
sendBody.put("url", "www.baidu.com"); // 点击模板信息跳转地址
sendBody.put("topcolor", "#FF0000"); // 顶色
sendBody.put("data", sendMag); // 模板参数
sendBody.put("template_id", templateId ); // 模板Id
ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, sendBody, String.class);
log.info("结果是: {}",forEntity.getBody());
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(forEntity.getBody());
// 0
String messageCode = jsonObject.getString("errcode");
// 2431260672639467520
String msgId = jsonObject.getString("msgid");
System.out.println("messageCode : " + messageCode + ", msgId: " +msgId);
return forEntity.getBody();
}
}
import lombok.*;
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class WeChatTemplateMsg {
/** msg **/
private String value;
private String color;
public WeChatTemplateMsg(String value) {
this.value = value;
}
}
/**
* 获取接口访问凭证
*
* @param appid 凭证
* @param appsecret 密钥
* @return
*/
public static AccessToken getToken(String appid, String appsecret) {
AccessToken token = null;
String requestUrl = tokenUrl.replace("APPID", appid).replace("APPSECRET", appsecret);
// 发起GET请求获取凭证
JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
token = new AccessToken();
token.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
token.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInteger("expires_in"));
} catch (JSONException e) {
token = null;
// 获取token失败
log.error("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInteger("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
}
}
return token;
}
简易效果图：
我们的推送内容 可以是天气预报等等，天气预报推荐用高德开放平台，步骤也比较简单。
天气接口获取数据
首先我们要去高德开放平台申请key
代码如下:
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Cast {
private String date;
private String week;
private String dayWeather;
private String nightWeather;
private String dayTemp;
private String nightTemp;
private String dayWind;
private String nightWind;
private String dayPower;
private String nightPower;
}
import lombok.Data;
import java.util.ArrayList;
@Data
public class Forecast {
private String city;
private String adCode;
private String province;
private String reportTime;
private ArrayList<Cast> casts;
}
import lombok.Data;
import java.util.ArrayList;
@Data
public class WeatherDTO {
private String status;
private String count;
private String info;
private String infoCode;
private ArrayList<Forecast> forecasts;
}
@Component
public class WeatherJob {
/**
* 高德开放平台key 需要替换成你自己的
*/
String AMAP_KEY = "xxx";
/**
* city code (行政编码 身份证前6位)
*/
String CITY_CODE = "440100";
@Scheduled(cron = "0 0 10 * * ?")
public void getWeather() throws IOException {
String weatherUrl = "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/weather/weatherInfo?city=" + CITY_CODE + "&key=" + AMAP_KEY + "&extensions=all";
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
BufferedReader in = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(weatherUrl);
URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
result.append(line);
}
in.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != in)
in.close();
}
WeatherDTO weatherDTO = JSON.parseObject(result.toString(), WeatherDTO.class);
System.out.println(weatherDTO);
Forecast forecast = weatherDTO.getForecasts().get(0);
String city = forecast.getCity();
String reportTime = forecast.getReportTime();
ArrayList<Cast> casts = weatherDTO.getForecasts().get(0).getCasts();
Cast today = casts.get(0);
String todayDayWeather = today.getDayWeather();
String todayNightWeather = today.getDayWeather();
String todayDayTemp = today.getDayTemp();
String todayNightTemp = today.getDayTemp();
String todayDayPower = today.getDayPower();
String todayNightPower = today.getDayPower();
String currentReport = "【" + city + "】: 当前时间" + reportTime + "\n" + "[今日天气]：" +
"\n白天 " + todayDayWeather + " " + todayDayTemp + "°C" + " 风力" + todayDayPower + "级;" +
"\n晚上 " + todayNightWeather + " " + todayNightTemp + "°C" + " 风力" + todayNightPower + "级";
}