MAC上安装Git和GitHub的基本使用

一、安装Git

MAC上安装Git主要有两种方式

首先查看电脑上是否安装Git，终端输入：

git

安装过会出现：

WMBdeMacBook-Pro:~ WENBO$ git
usage: git [--version] [--help] [-C ] [-c name=value]
[--exec-path[=]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
[-p | --paginate | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
[--git-dir=] [--work-tree=] [--namespace=]
[]
These are common Git commands used in various situations:
start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)
clone Clone a repository into a new directory
init Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)
add Add file contents to the index
mv Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
reset Reset current HEAD to the specified state
rm Remove files from the working tree and from the index
examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)
bisect Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug
grep Print lines matching a pattern
log Show commit logs
show Show various types of objects
status Show the working tree status
grow, mark and tweak your common history
branch List, create, or delete branches
checkout Switch branches or restore working tree files
commit Record changes to the repository
diff Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
merge Join two or more development histories together
rebase Reapply commits on top of another base tip
tag Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
collaborate (see also: git help workflows)
fetch Download objects and refs from another repository
pull Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
push Update remote refs along with associated objects
'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some
concept guides. See 'git help ' or 'git help '
to read about a specific subcommand or concept.

1、通过homebrew安装Git

1、未安装homebrew，需要安装homebrew
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
2、安装git
brew install git

2、通过Xcode安装

直接从AppStore安装Xcode，Xcode集成了Git，不过默认没有安装，你需要运行Xcode，选择菜单“Xcode->Preferences”，在弹出窗口中找到“Downloads”，选择“Command line Tools”，点“Install”就可以完成安装了。

1、设置username和email（github每次commit都会记录他们）

二、创建ssh key、配置git

git config --global user.name "wenbo"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

2、通过终端命令创建ssh key

ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[email protected]"

[email protected]是邮件名，回车会有以下输出

Last login: Sat Jan  6 14:12:16 on ttys000
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:~ WENBO$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[email protected]"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/WENBO/.ssh/id_rsa): 
/Users/WENBO/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? n
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:~ WENBO$

如果已经创建过，就选n，没有创建过的，会要求确认路径和输入密码，我们这使用默认的一路回车就行。成功的话会在~/下生成.ssh文件夹，进去，打开id_rsa.pub，复制里面的key。
终端查看.ssh/id_rsa.pub文件

open .ssh/id_rsa.pub

回车后，就会新弹出一个终端，然后复制里面的key。
或者用cat命令查看

cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub

3、登录GitHub（默认你已经注册了GitHub账号），添加ssh key，点击Settings，如图

图片.png

点击New SSH key，如图

图片.png

添加key，如图

图片.png
4、链接验证

ssh -T [email protected]

终端输出结果

Last login: Sat Jan  6 14:42:55 on ttys000
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:~ WENBO$ ssh -T [email protected] 
Hi wenmobo! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:~ WENBO$

说明已经链接成功。

三、提交本地项目到GitHub

1、在GitHub上新创建一个 repository或者Start a Project，如图：

图片.png
2、填写项目信息，如下图所示：

图片.png

点击Create repository,就创好一个工程了。
3、Clone工程到本地，首先复制ssh 地址

图片.png

打开终端，这里只是测试，我想把工程克隆在桌面，首先在终端中切换路径到桌面，输入以下命令：

cd /Users/WENBO/Desktop/

然后克隆项目,终端输入

git clone [email protected]:wenmobo/LearnGit.git

[email protected]:wenmobo/LearnGit.git是刚刚复制的ssh路径。
终端完整输出如下：

Last login: Sat Jan  6 15:17:17 on ttys000
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:~ WENBO$ cd /Users/WENBO/Desktop/
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:Desktop WENBO$ git clone [email protected]:wenmobo/LearnGit.git
Cloning into 'LearnGit'...
remote: Counting objects: 5, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Total 5 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (5/5), 5.2

这时，工程已经被克隆到桌面了，如下图：

图片.png

4、在Xcode中新创建一个工程，保存的路径为刚刚克隆下来的LearnGit文件夹下，如下图所示：

图片.png
5、提交修改，首先切换到LearnGit文件路径：

cd /Users/WENBO/Desktop/LearnGit

然后输入：

//文件添加到仓库（.代表提交所有文件）
git add .
//把文件提交到仓库
git commit -m "First Commit"
//上传到github
git push

终端完整输出如下：

Last login: Sat Jan  6 15:49:54 on ttys000
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:~ WENBO$ cd /Users/WENBO/Desktop/LearnGit 
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:LearnGit WENBO$ git add .
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:LearnGit WENBO$ git commit -m "First Commit"
[master ae3bbe9] First Commit
 11 files changed, 649 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 LearnGitDemo/LearnGitDemo.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
 create mode 100644 LearnGitDemo/LearnGitDemo.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
 create mode 100644 LearnGitDemo/LearnGitDemo/AppDelegate.h
 create mode 100644 LearnGitDemo/LearnGitDemo/AppDelegate.m
 create mode 100644 LearnGitDemo/LearnGitDemo/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
 create mode 100644 LearnGitDemo/LearnGitDemo/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard
 create mode 100644 LearnGitDemo/LearnGitDemo/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard
 create mode 100644 LearnGitDemo/LearnGitDemo/Info.plist
 create mode 100644 LearnGitDemo/LearnGitDemo/ViewController.h
 create mode 100644 LearnGitDemo/LearnGitDemo/ViewController.m
 create mode 100644 LearnGitDemo/LearnGitDemo/main.m
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:LearnGit WENBO$ git push
Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address '192.30.255.112' to the list of known hosts.
Counting objects: 20, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (18/18), done.
Writing objects: 100% (20/20), 6.80 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 20 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (2/2), done.
To github.com:wenmobo/LearnGit.git
   1000218..ae3bbe9  master -> master
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:LearnGit WENBO$

查看GitHub上的项目，如下图所示：