目录
一、STM32中断概述
二、外部中断控制器EXTI
三、按键中断
四、串口中断
在处理器中,中断是一个过程,即CPU在正常执行程序的过程中,遇到外部/内部的紧急事件需要处理,暂时中止当前程序的执行,转而去为处理紧急的事件,待处理完毕后再返回被打断的程序处继续往下执行。中断在计算机多任务处理,尤其是即时系统中尤为重要。比如uCOS,FreeRTOS等。
中断能提高CPU的效率,同时能对突发事件做出实时处理。实现程序的并行化,实现嵌入式系统进程之间的切换
进入中断
处理器自动保存现场到堆栈里{PC, xPSR, R0-R3, R12, LR}一旦入栈结束,ISR便可开始执行晚到的中断会重新取ISR地址,但无需再次保存现场退出中断
中断前的现场被自动从堆栈中恢复一旦出栈完成,继续执行被中断打断的指令出栈的过程也可被打断,使得随时可以响应新的中断 , 而不再进行现场保存
n Cortex-M0处理器中,每一个外部中断都可以被使能或者禁止,并且可以被设置为挂起状态或者清除状态。处理器的中断可以电平的形式的,也可以是脉冲形式的,这样中断控制器就可以处理任何中断源
Cortex-M0内核可以处理15个内部异常,和32个外部中断。
STM32F051实际上只使用了6个内部异常和28个外部中断。
当异常或中断发生时,处理器会把PC设置为一个特定地址,这一地址就称为异常向量。每一类异常源都对应一个特定的入口地址,这些地址按照优先级排列以后就组成一张异常向量表。
向量化处理中断的好处
统的处理方式需要软件去完成。采用向量表处理异常,M0处理器会从存储器的向量表中,自动定位异常的程序入口。从发生异常到异常的处理中间的时间被缩减。
注:中断和异常的区别:
中断是微处理器外部发送的,通过中断通道送入处理器内部,一般是硬件引起的,比如串口接收中断,而异常通常是微处理器内部发生的,大多是软件引起的,比如除法出错异常,特权调用异常等待。不管是中断还是异常,微处理器通常都有相应的中断/异常服务程序
Ø 3个固定的优先级,都是负值,不能改变Ø 四个可编程优先级,用两个bit位表示,00,01,10,11Ø 优先级越小优先级越高
注:不同优先级的中断同时发生,优先处理优先级编号较小的那个
同样优先级的中断同时发生,中断向量号较小的那个优先响应
该器件具有一组配置寄存器。系统配置控制器的主要用途如下:
● 在部分 IO 口上启用或禁用 I2C 超快模式 (Fast Mode Plus) 。
● 重映射部分从 TIM16 和 TIM17 , USART1 和 ADC 的 DMA 触发源到其它
不同的 DMA 通道上。
● 重映射存储器到代码起始区域。
● 管理连接到 GPIO 口的外部中断。
系统配置控制器 (SYSCFG)
Ø 1、使能相应的时钟Ø2、配置GPIO管脚为中断功能Ø3、设置中断优先级Ø4、使能相应的中断Ø5、实现中断服务程序
__weak表明他是一个若函数可以重写
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
if(GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_8)
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, "key int\n", 8, 100);
}
}
这是一个处理中断的回调函数,在里面判断一下是不是GPIO8,然后进行处理
中断优先级和触发方式都可以图形化配置
void HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
if(huart->Instance == USART1)
{
printf("uart tx end\n");
}
}
extern uint8_t RX[10] ;
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
if(huart->Instance == USART1)
{
printf("REV : %x %x\n",RX[0],RX[1]);
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, RX, 2);
}
}
/**
******************************************************************************
* File Name : main.c
* Description : Main program body
******************************************************************************
** This notice applies to any and all portions of this file
* that are not between comment pairs USER CODE BEGIN and
* USER CODE END. Other portions of this file, whether
* inserted by the user or by software development tools
* are owned by their respective copyright owners.
*
* COPYRIGHT(c) 2017 STMicroelectronics
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
* SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
* CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stm32f0xx_hal.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint8_t RX[10] = {0};
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
while(!(USART1->ISR & (1<<7)));
USART1->TDR =ch;
return ch;
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(&huart1,"TX INT\n", 7);
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, RX, 2);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/** System Clock Configuration
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct;
RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit;
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = 16;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART1;
PeriphClkInit.Usart1ClockSelection = RCC_USART1CLKSOURCE_PCLK1;
if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Configure the Systick interrupt time
*/
HAL_SYSTICK_Config(HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq()/1000);
/**Configure the Systick
*/
HAL_SYSTICK_CLKSourceConfig(SYSTICK_CLKSOURCE_HCLK);
/* SysTick_IRQn interrupt configuration */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, 0, 0);
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
void _Error_Handler(char * file, int line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
while(1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif
/**
* @}
*/
/**
* @}
*/
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/