简介
本文通过创建一个简单是实例,展示spring cloud的应用场景,使用eureka做服务注册和发现,管理其他服务,是系统的核心,移除宕机服务不会造成故障致使系统无法使用。使用zuul做路由转发和负载均衡,外部访问统一走网关。内部调用使用feign来注解服务,简化调用代码编写。整个spring cloud的微服务的应用雏形就是这样,上手还是非常简单的。
服务
服务就是提供相应功能的代码、模块,在系统里统一注册到服务中心,其他服务根据服务名等来调用这个服务,这也是eureka所做的工作。
网关
部署的服务很多的情况下,每一个服务都有自己的端口,前端或者其他外部调用如果都要指定ip和端口去访问,就会非常繁琐。网关做的工作是统一管理这些服务的路由,根据路径转发到不同的服务去,然后还做负载均衡这些。
github地址 spring-cloud-simple
新建项目
gradle父项目
选择gradle,然后勾选java
然后一路next
gradle.properties
如果根目录没有gradle.properties,则新建一个,添加公共版本号
springboot_version=2.1.3.RELEASE
springcloud_version=Greenwich.SR1
build.gradle
在跟目录的build.gradle中加入内容
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springboot_version}"
}
}
allprojects {
apply plugin: "java"
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
apply plugin: 'io.spring.dependency-management'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8
repositories {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
}
dependencyManagement {
imports {
mavenBom "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:${springcloud_version}"
}
}
}
子项目
点击项目名称 -> new
eureka-server
eureka负责服务发现和服务注册,是spring cloud的核心,新建一个eureka-server子项目,在子目录的build.gradle中加入依赖
依赖
dependencies {
implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server'
}
在src/main/java/包中添加Application
Application
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
在src/main/resources添加配置application.yml
spring:
application:
name: eureka-server
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
registerWithEureka: false
fetchRegistry: false
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
启动
点击idea中运行main,浏览器访问http://localhost:8761即可看到页面
hello-service
hello-service是一个eureka client,它把自己的服务注册到eurake中,其他client可以从服务中心获取到其他client
依赖
dependencies {
implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client'
}
Application
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@RestController
public class HelloServiceApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HelloServiceApplication.class, args);
}
@Value("${server.port}")
private int port;
@RequestMapping("/hi")
public String hello() {
return "hi, my port=" + port;
}
}
配置
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8763
spring:
application:
name: hello-service
启动
访问htto://localhost:8763/hi即可看到页面
api-gateway
api网关负责路由转发和负载均衡,转发特定路由到特定的服务中,由于其他服务都是通过特定的端口来暴露服务,网关负责把路由转发到特定的端口。
依赖
dependencies {
implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul'
implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client'
}
Application
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableZuulProxy
@SpringBootApplication
public class ApiGatewayApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ApiGatewayApplication.class, args);
}
}
配置
server:
port: 8769
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
spring:
application:
name: zuul
zuul:
routes:
hello:
path: /hello/**
serviceId: hello-service
启动
访问http://localhost:8769/hello/hi可看到hello-service返回的页面
call-service
服务内部相互调用,直接使用feign注解service访问,feign提供了负载均衡等。
依赖
dependencies {
implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client'
implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-openfeign'
}
Application
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@RestController
public class CallServiceApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(CallServiceApplication.class, args);
}
@Autowired
private HelloService helloService;
@RequestMapping("/hi")
public String hello() {
return helloService.sayHiFromClientOne();
}
}
HelloService
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@FeignClient(value = "hello-service")
public interface HelloService {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi", method = RequestMethod.GET)
String sayHiFromClientOne();
}
配置
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8764
spring:
application:
name: call-service
修改api-gateway配置加入call路由到routes
routes:
hello:
path: /hello/**
serviceId: hello-service
call:
path: /call/**
serviceId: call-service
启动
启动call-service,重启api-gateway,访问http://localhost:8769/call/hi,可看到由call调用hello返回的页面
打包
进入子项目,运行
../gradlew clean build -x test
打好的jar包在./build/libs/中