使用confd + etcd实现Nginx动态配置

etcd

etcd是一个高可用的分布式键值(key-value)数据库。内部采用raft协议作为一致性算法,基于Go语言实现。etcd数据库与redis类似,其独特性在于:

  1. 分布式部署,扩展性强,且数据和事务保持一致
  2. 提供watch接口,可监听多个键的变化
  3. 对于单个键而言,每次更新其值都会保留上一个版本,可以对键进行版本回溯
  4. ttl使用租约实现

etcd更强调的是各个节点之间的通信,同步,确保各个节点上数据和事务的一致性,使得服务更稳定,本身单节点的写入能力并不强。
redis更像是内存型缓存,虽然也有cluster做主从同步和读写分离,但节点间的一致性主要强调的是数据,并不在乎事务,因此读写能力很强,qps甚至可以达到10万+

安装

$ mkdir etcd
$ cd etcd
$ curl -L https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.3.13/etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz -o 
$ ./etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ tar xzvf etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz --strip-components=1
$ ./etcd -version
$ ./etcdctl -version

本地多成员集群

针对单机用户,开启多进程,模拟多机器集群(本次模拟开启三个etcd集群)

1. 安装go
2. 安装goreman(进程管理工具)
$ go get github.com/mattn/goreman
3. 查看gopath
$ go env
GOPATH="/home/apple/go"

所以goreman运行路径为home/apple/go/bin/goreman

4. 编写goroman配置文件

goroman配置文件默认名称为Procfile,可以更换,但启动时,需要通过-c指定配置文件
goroman管理进程的配置文件由 进程名:执行命令组成

$ vim Procfile

编辑内容如下

etcd1: ./etcd --name infra1 --listen-client-urls http://127.0.0.1:2379 --advertise-client-urls http://127.0.0.1:2379 --listen-peer-urls http://127.0.0.1:12380 --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://127.0.0.1:12    380 --initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 --initial-cluster 'infra1=http://127.0.0.1:12380,infra2=http://127.0.0.1:22380,infra3=http://127.0.0.1:32380' --initial-cluster-state new --enable-pprof
etcd2: ./etcd --name infra2 --listen-client-urls http://127.0.0.1:22379 --advertise-client-urls http://127.0.0.1:22379 --listen-peer-urls http://127.0.0.1:22380 --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://127.0.0.1:    22380 --initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 --initial-cluster 'infra1=http://127.0.0.1:12380,infra2=http://127.0.0.1:22380,infra3=http://127.0.0.1:32380' --initial-cluster-state new --enable-pprof
etcd3: ./etcd --name infra3 --listen-client-urls http://127.0.0.1:32379 --advertise-client-urls http://127.0.0.1:32379 --listen-peer-urls http://127.0.0.1:32380 --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://127.0.0.1:    32380 --initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 --initial-cluster 'infra1=http://127.0.0.1:12380,infra2=http://127.0.0.1:22380,infra3=http://127.0.0.1:32380' --initial-cluster-state new --enable-pprof
5. 运行
$ /home/apple/go/bin/goreman -f  Procfile start

此时etcd集群被开启

6.查看集群列表

此时代表集群正确安装并启动

$ export ETCDCTL_API=3
$ ./etcdctl member list
8211f1d0f64f3269: name=infra1 peerURLs=http://127.0.0.1:12380 clientURLs=http://127.0.0.1:2379 isLeader=false
91bc3c398fb3c146: name=infra2 peerURLs=http://127.0.0.1:22380 clientURLs=http://127.0.0.1:22379 isLeader=true
fd422379fda50e48: name=infra3 peerURLs=http://127.0.0.1:32380 clientURLs=http://127.0.0.1:32379 isLeader=false

etcd基本使用

API地址https://godoc.org/github.com/coreos/etcd/client
官方包提供了对于etcd所有操作的API

创建用于操作etcd键值的KeysAPI对象kv
var cli client.Client
var kv client.KeysAPI

func handleError(e error, msg string) {
    if e != nil {
        log.Fatal(e)
    }
    if msg != "" {
        log.Println(msg)
    }
}

func init(){
    cfg := client.Config{
        Endpoints: []string{"http://127.0.0.1:2379", "http://127.0.0.1:22379", "http://127.0.0.1:32379"},
    }
    var e error

    cli, e = client.New(cfg)
    handleError(e, "")
    kv = client.NewKeysAPI(cli)
}
设置键
func setVal(kv client.KeysAPI, key string, val string) {
    log.Printf("设置键%s值%s\n", key, val)
    _, e := kv.Set(context.Background(), key, val, nil)
    if e != nil {
        log.Println(e)
    }
}
获取键值
func getVal(kv client.KeysAPI, key string) string {
    // 获取键
    log.Printf("开始获取键%s \n", key)
    resp, e := kv.Get(context.TODO(), key, nil)
    handleError(e, "")
    index, value := resp.Index, resp.Node.Value
    log.Printf("获取当前版本:%d 值:%s", index, resp.Node.Value)
    return string(value)
}
创建文件夹

etcd的键值对存储可以理解为文件存储在目录中,键为目录,值为文件
创建文件夹的目的为:使用etcd提供的watch方法可以监控整个文件夹中键(即文件)的变化

func mkdir(kv client.KeysAPI, dir string) {
    o := client.SetOptions{Dir: true}
    _, e := kv.Set(context.Background(), dir, "", &o)
    handleError(e, "创建完成")
}
调用
func TestSetVal(t *testing.T) {
    setVal(kv, "/nginx/foo", "bar")
}

func TestGetVal(t *testing.T) {
    getVal(kv, "/nginx/foo")
}

func TestMkdir(t *testing.T) {
    mkdir(kv, "/nginx")
}

confd

轻量级的配置管理工具,主要有两个目的

  1. 读取etcd保存的配置信息,同步到本地配置文件中,并保证本地配置文件是最新的
  2. 同步配置文件之后可以指定命令使配置生效

安装

https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd/blob/master/docs/installation.md

使用

把核心信息,比如upstreamserver_name等存储在etcd中,使用confd来自动生成nginx配置文件,并reload使配置生效

upstream www_test {
    server 196.75.121.112:443;     (动态生成)
}

server {
    listen       443 ssl; (动态生成)
    server_name  www.test.com; (动态生成)
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;; 
    ssl_certificate             /home/build/openresty/nginx/cert/dealssl/www.bestenover.com.crt; (动态生成)

    location / { 
        proxy_pass https://www_test; (动态生成)
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
        proxy_redirect off;
    }   
}

要实现动态配置首先要把核心信息存储到etcd中

func TestNginxMkdir(t *testing.T) {
    mkdir(kv, "/nginx")
    mkdir(kv, "/nginx/https")
    mkdir(kv, "/nginx/http")
    mkdir(kv, "/nginx/ssl")
    mkdir(kv, "/nginx/https/www")
    mkdir(kv, "/nginx/https/www/server")
    mkdir(kv, "/nginx/https/www/upstream")
    mkdir(kv, "/nginx/https/www/server/location")
}

confd注册监控etcdkey/nginx/,只要发生变化就通知confd根据模板生成配置。confd默认的配置路径为/etc/confd/,创建conf.dtemplate两个目录,分别存放配置资源和配置模板。

nginx的配置资源如下所示:test.conf.toml

[template]
src = "test.conf.tmpl"
dest = "/tmp/test.conf"
keys = [
    "/nginx",
]
check_cmd = "echo a"
reload_cmd = "echo b"

nginx的配置模板如下所示:test.conf.tmpl

upstream www_{{getv "/nginx/https/www/server/server_name"}} {
    {{range getvs "/nginx/https/www/upstream/*"}}server {{.}};
    {{end}}
}

server {
    server_name         {{getv "/nginx/https/www/server/server_name"}}:443;
    ssl on
    ssl_certificate     {{getv "/nginx/https/www/server/ssl_certificate"}};
    ssl_certificate_key {{getv "/nginx/https/www/server/ssl_certificate_key"}};
    location / {
        proxy_pass        http://www_{{getv "/nginx/https/www/server/server_name"}};
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
        proxy_redirect    off;
    }
}

开启confd : confd -watch -backend etcd -node http://127.0.0.1:2379
设置内容

func TestNginxSetVal(t *testing.T) {
    setVal(kv, "/nginx/https/www/server/server_name", "test.com")
    setVal(kv, "/nginx/https/www/server/ssl_certificate", "client.crt")
    setVal(kv, "/nginx/https/www/server/ssl_certificate_key", "client.key")
    setVal(kv, "/nginx/https/www/upstream/server1", "192.168.4.2:443")
    setVal(kv, "/nginx/https/www/upstream/server2", "192.168.5.2:443")
}

生成结果

  1 upstream www_test.com {                                                                                                                                                                                         
  2     server 192.168.4.2:443;
  3     server 192.168.5.2:443;
  4 
  5 }
  6 
  7 server {
  8     server_name         test.com:443;
  9     ssl on
 10     ssl_certificate     client.crt;
 11     ssl_certificate_key client.key;
 12     location / {
 13         proxy_pass        http://www_test.com;
 14         proxy_set_header Host $host;
 15         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
 16         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
 17         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
 18         proxy_redirect    off;
 19     }
 20 }

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