Web(World Wide Web)是目前最常用的Internet协议之一。目前在Unix-Like系统中的web服务器主要通过Apache服务器软件实现。为了实现运营动态网站,产生了LAMP(Linux + Apache +MySQL + PHP)。web服务可以结合文字、图形、影像以及声音等多媒体,并支持超链接(Hyperlink)的方式传输信息。
openEuler系统中的web服务器版本是Apache HTTP服务器2.4版本,即httpd,一个由Apache软件基金会发展而来的开源web服务器。
通过systemctl工具,可以对httpd服务进行管理,包括启动、停止、重启服务,以及查看服务状态等。本章介绍Apache HTTP服务的管理操作,以指导用户使用。
# dnf install httpd
示例命令如下:
[root@superman-21 ~]# dnf install httpd
OS 41 kB/s | 3.8 kB 00:00
everything 46 kB/s | 3.8 kB 00:00
EPOL 37 kB/s | 3.0 kB 00:00
debuginfo 41 kB/s | 3.8 kB 00:00
source 41 kB/s | 3.8 kB 00:00
update 35 kB/s | 3.0 kB 00:00
update 6.4 MB/s | 28 MB 00:04
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.51-9.oe2203 update 1.3 M
Installing dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.7.0-4.oe2203 OS 110 k
apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-12.oe2203 OS 110 k
httpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.51-9.oe2203 update 11 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.51-9.oe2203 update 71 k
mariadb-connector-c x86_64 3.1.13-2.oe2203 update 179 k
mod_http2 x86_64 1.15.25-1.oe2203 OS 126 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Install 7 Packages
Total download size: 1.9 M
Installed size: 6.2 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/7): mod_http2-1.15.25-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 570 kB/s | 126 kB 00:00
(2/7): apr-util-1.6.1-12.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 485 kB/s | 110 kB 00:00
(3/7): apr-1.7.0-4.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 472 kB/s | 110 kB 00:00
(4/7): httpd-filesystem-2.4.51-9.oe2203.noarch.rpm 216 kB/s | 11 kB 00:00
(5/7): httpd-tools-2.4.51-9.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 71 kB 00:00
(6/7): mariadb-connector-c-3.1.13-2.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 1.6 MB/s | 179 kB 00:00
(7/7): httpd-2.4.51-9.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 3.7 MB/s | 1.3 MB 00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 3.2 MB/s | 1.9 MB 00:00
retrieving repo key for OS unencrypted from http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-22.03-LTS/OS/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
OS 23 kB/s | 2.1 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0xB25E7F66:
Userid : "private OBS (key without passphrase) "
Fingerprint: 12EA 74AC 9DF4 8D46 C69C A0BE D557 065E B25E 7F66
From : http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-22.03-LTS/OS/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Running scriptlet: mariadb-connector-c-3.1.13-2.oe2203.x86_64 1/1
Preparing : 1/1
Running scriptlet: apr-1.7.0-4.oe2203.x86_64 1/7
Installing : apr-1.7.0-4.oe2203.x86_64 1/7
Running scriptlet: apr-1.7.0-4.oe2203.x86_64 1/7
Installing : mariadb-connector-c-3.1.13-2.oe2203.x86_64 2/7
Running scriptlet: apr-util-1.6.1-12.oe2203.x86_64 3/7
Installing : apr-util-1.6.1-12.oe2203.x86_64 3/7
Running scriptlet: apr-util-1.6.1-12.oe2203.x86_64 3/7
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.51-9.oe2203.x86_64 4/7
Running scriptlet: httpd-filesystem-2.4.51-9.oe2203.noarch 5/7
Installing : httpd-filesystem-2.4.51-9.oe2203.noarch 5/7
Installing : mod_http2-1.15.25-1.oe2203.x86_64 6/7
Installing : httpd-2.4.51-9.oe2203.x86_64 7/7
Running scriptlet: httpd-2.4.51-9.oe2203.x86_64 7/7
Verifying : apr-1.7.0-4.oe2203.x86_64 1/7
Verifying : apr-util-1.6.1-12.oe2203.x86_64 2/7
Verifying : mod_http2-1.15.25-1.oe2203.x86_64 3/7
Verifying : httpd-2.4.51-9.oe2203.x86_64 4/7
Verifying : httpd-filesystem-2.4.51-9.oe2203.noarch 5/7
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.51-9.oe2203.x86_64 6/7
Verifying : mariadb-connector-c-3.1.13-2.oe2203.x86_64 7/7
Installed:
apr-1.7.0-4.oe2203.x86_64 apr-util-1.6.1-12.oe2203.x86_64 httpd-2.4.51-9.oe2203.x86_64
httpd-filesystem-2.4.51-9.oe2203.noarch httpd-tools-2.4.51-9.oe2203.x86_64 mariadb-connector-c-3.1.13-2.oe2203.x86_64
mod_http2-1.15.25-1.oe2203.x86_64
Complete!
[root@superman-21 ~]#
# systemctl start httpd
示例命令如下:
[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@superman-21 ~]#
# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
示例命令如下:
[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@superman-21 ~]#
说明:
假如正在运行的Apache HTTP服务器作为一个安全服务器,系统开机启动后需要密码,这个密码使用的是加密的私有SSL密钥。
# systemctl stop httpd
示例命令如下:
[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@superman-21 ~]#
# systemctl disable httpd
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service.
示例命令如下:
[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl disable httpd
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service.
[root@superman-21 ~]#
重启服务有三种方式:
# systemctl restart httpd
该命令会停止运行的httpd服务并且立即重新启动它。一般在服务安装以后或者去除一个动态加载的模块(例如PHP)时使用这个命令。
示例命令如下:
[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@superman-21 ~]#
# systemctl reload httpd
该命令会使运行的httpd服务重新加载它的配置文件。任何当前正在处理的请求将会被中断,从而造成客户端浏览器显示一个错误消息或者重新渲染部分页面。
示例命令如下:
[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl reload httpd
[root@superman-21 ~]#
# apachectl graceful
该命令会使运行的httpd服务重新加载它的配置文件。任何当前正在处理的请求将会继续使用旧的配置文件。
示例命令如下:
[root@superman-21 ~]# apachectl graceful
[root@superman-21 ~]#
验证httpd服务是否正在运行
# systemctl is-active httpd
回显为“active”说明服务处于运行状态。
示例命令如下:
[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl is-active httpd
active
[root@superman-21 ~]#
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