python基础程序例子
python基础程序例子如下：
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 第一个注释
print ("Hello, Python!") # 第二个注释
# Fibonacci series: 斐波纳契数列
# 两个元素的总和确定了下一个数
a, b = 0, 1
while b < 1000:
print(b, end=',')
a, b = b, a+b
#################################################### if Python3 条件控制
age = int(input("请输入你家狗狗的年龄: "))
print("")
if age <= 0:
print("你是在逗我吧!")
elif age == 1:
print("相当于 14 岁的人。")
elif age == 2:
print("相当于 22 岁的人。")
elif age > 2:
human = 22 + (age -2)*5
print("对应人类年龄: ", human)
### 退出提示
input("点击 enter 键退出")
# 该实例演示了数字猜谜游戏
number = 7
guess = -1
print("数字猜谜游戏!")
while guess != number:
guess = int(input("请输入你猜的数字："))
if guess == number:
print("恭喜，你猜对了！")
elif guess < number:
print("猜的数字小了...")
elif guess > number:
print("猜的数字大了...")
num=int(input("输入一个数字："))
if num%2==0:
if num%3==0:
print ("你输入的数字可以整除 2 和 3")
else:
print ("你输入的数字可以整除 2，但不能整除 3")
else:
if num%3==0:
print ("你输入的数字可以整除 3，但不能整除 2")
else:
print ("你输入的数字不能整除 2 和 3")
n = 100
sum = 0
counter = 1
while counter <= n:
sum = sum + counter
counter += 1
print("1 到 %d 之和为: %d" % (n,sum))
var = 1
while var == 1 : # 表达式永远为 true
num = int(input("输入一个数字 :"))
print ("你输入的数字是: ", num)
print ("Good bye!")
count = 0
while count < 5:
print (count, " 小于 5")
count = count + 1
else:
print (count, " 大于或等于 5")
flag = 1
while (flag): print ('欢迎访问菜鸟教程!')
print ("Good bye!")
###
sites = ["Baidu", "Google","Runoob","Taobao"]
for site in sites:
if site == "Runoob":
print("菜鸟教程!")
break
print("循环数据 " + site)
else:
print("没有循环数据!")
print("完成循环!")
#####
n = 5
while n > 0:
n -= 1
if n == 2:
break
print(n)
print('循环结束。')
###
n = 5
while n > 0:
n -= 1
if n == 2:
continue
print(n)
print('循环结束。')
#####
for letter in 'Runoob': # 第一个实例
if letter == 'n':
break
print ('当前字母为 :', letter)
var = 10 # 第二个实例
while var > 0:
print ('当前变量值为 :', var)
var = var -1
if var == 5:
break
print ("Good bye!")
for letter in 'Runoob': # 第一个实例
if letter == 'o': # 字母为 o 时跳过输出
continue
print ('当前字母 :', letter)
var = 10 # 第二个实例
while var > 0:
var = var -1
if var == 5: # 变量为 5 时跳过输出
continue
print ('当前变量值 :', var)
print ("Good bye!")
for n in range(2, 10):
for x in range(2, n):
if n % x == 0:
print(n, '等于', x, '*', n//x)
break
else:
# 循环中没有找到元素
print(n, ' 是质数')
for letter in 'Runoob':
if letter == 'o':
pass
print ('执行 pass 块')
print ('当前字母 :', letter)
print ("Good bye!")
########################
list=[1,2,3,4]
it = iter(list) # 创建迭代器对象
for x in it:
print (x, end=" ")
###——————————————————————————————————————————————————————
class MyNumbers:
def __iter__(self):
self.a = 1
return self
def __next__(self):
x = self.a
self.a += 1
return x
myclass = MyNumbers()
myiter = iter(myclass)
print(next(myiter))
print(next(myiter))
print(next(myiter))
print(next(myiter))
print(next(myiter))
###############################
class MyNumbers:
def __iter__(self):
self.a = 1
return self
def __next__(self):
if self.a <= 20:
x = self.a
self.a += 1
return x
else:
raise StopIteration
myclass = MyNumbers()
myiter = iter(myclass)
for x in myiter:
print(x)
#####————————————————————————————————————————————函数
def max(a, b):
if a > b:
return a
else:
return b
a = 4
b = 5
print(max(a, b))
# 计算面积函数
def area(width, height):
return width * height
def print_welcome(name):
print("Welcome", name)
print_welcome("Runoob")
w = 4
h = 5
print("width =", w, " height =", h, " area =", area(w, h))
###########################
import sys
print('命令行参数如下:')
for i in sys.argv:
print(i)
print('\n\nPython 路径为：', sys.path, '\n')
####——————————————————————————————————
def fib(n): # 定义到 n 的斐波那契数列
a, b = 0, 1
while b < n:
print(b, end=' ')
a, b = b, a+b
print()
def fib2(n): # 返回到 n 的斐波那契数列
result = []
a, b = 0, 1
while b < n:
result.append(b)
a, b = b, a+b
return result
###############将上面的代码保存成fibo.py可实现调用
import fibo
fib = fibo.fib
fib(1000)
from fibo import fib, fib2
fib(500)
### from modname import * 把一个模块的所有内容全都导入到当前的命名空间
from fibo import *
fib(500)
str = input("请输入：");
print ("你输入的内容是: ", str)
#####————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
# 打开一个文件
## D:\博士研究生期间资料\学习资源\编程语言学习实例\Python\fibo.py
f = open("c.txt", "w")
f.write( "Python 是一个非常好的语言。\n是的，的确非常好!!\n" )
# 关闭打开的文件
f.close()
#####################################————————————————————
total = 0 # 这是一个全局变量
# 可写函数说明
def sum( arg1, arg2 ):
#返回2个参数的和."
total = arg1 + arg2 # total在这里是局部变量.
print ("函数内是局部变量 : ", total)
return total
#调用sum函数
sum( 10, 20 )
print ("函数外是全局变量 : ", total)
###################
num = 1
def fun1():
global num # 需要使用 global 关键字声明
print(num)
num = 123
print(num)
fun1()
print(num)
#######
a = 10
def test():
global a
a = a + 1
print(a)
test()
a = 10
def test(a):
a = a + 1
print(a)
test(a)
import math
y = math.cos(math.pi / 4)
print(y)
math.log(1024, 2)
import random
random.choice(['apple', 'pear', 'banana'])
random.sample(range(100), 10) # sampling without replacement
random.random() # random float
random.randrange(6) # random integer chosen from range(6)
from datetime import date
now = date.today()
now
birthday = date(2022, 1, 1)
age = now - birthday
age.days
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv('nba.csv')
print(df.to_string())
import pandas as pd
mydataset = {
'sites': ["Google", "Runoob", "Wiki"],
'number': [1, 2, 3]
}
myvar = pd.DataFrame(mydataset)
print(myvar)
##################
df = pd.read_csv('nba.csv')
print(df.to_string())
# 三个字段 name, site, age
nme = ["Google", "Runoob", "Taobao", "Wiki"]
st = ["www.google.com", "www.runoob.com", "www.taobao.com", "www.wikipedia.org"]
ag = [90, 40, 80, 98]
# 字典
dict = {'name': nme, 'site': st, 'age': ag}
df = pd.DataFrame(dict)
# 保存 dataframe
df.to_csv('site.csv')
####################################
data =[
{
"id": "A001",
"name": "菜鸟教程",
"url": "www.runoob.com",
"likes": 61
},
{
"id": "A002",
"name": "Google",
"url": "www.google.com",
"likes": 124
},
{
"id": "A003",
"name": "淘宝",
"url": "www.taobao.com",
"likes": 45
}
]
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df)
##############
# 字典格式的 JSON
s = {
"col1":{"row1":1,"row2":2,"row3":3},
"col2":{"row1":"x","row2":"y","row3":"z"}
}
# 读取 JSON 转为 DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(s)
print(df)