HCIE - Routing & Switching v3.0 Outline

Layer 2 Technologies

STP

网桥ID(BID)最小者当选。网桥优先级取值越小，则网桥ID就越小。若优先级相同，则比较MAC地址。

在每一个非根交换机上选出一个根端口RP(Root Port)，并且只能是一个。根端口用于接收根交换机发来的BPDU，也用来转发普通流量。根端口RP的选举条件：1. BPDU接收端口到跟交换机的路径成本最小。2. 对端网桥ID(BID)最小。3. 对端的端口ID最小。

在每一个网段上选出一个指定端口DP(Designated Port)，并且只能是一个。指定端口DP用于转发根交换机发来的BPDU，也用来转发普通流量。指定端口DP的选举条件：1. 根交换机的所有端口都是指定端口DP。2. 根端口的对端端口一定是指定端口DP。3. BPDU转发端口到跟交换机的路径成本最小。4. 本端的网桥ID最小。

剩余端口成为备用端口(Alternate Port)，将他们阻塞。

• STP
• RSTP
• MSTP
• LooP Guard
• Root guard
• BPDU guard
• TC-BPDU attack guard

VLAN

802.1Q, 4字节的VLAN tag，由交换机来处理。

交换机端口类型：access，trunk， hybrid。

access连接终端，trunk连接交换机。

1、创建vlan：
<Quidway>system-view //进入配置视图
[Quidway] vlan 10
[Quidway] vlan 100 //还可以用vlan batch批量创建vlan
2、将端口加入到vlan中：
[Quidway] interface GigabitEthernet2/0/1
[Quidway- GigabitEthernet2/0/1] port link-type access
[Quidway- GigabitEthernet2/0/1] port default vlan 100 //配置pvid
[Quidway- GigabitEthernet2/0/1] quit //回到配置视图
[Quidway] interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 
[Quidway- GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port link-type access
[Quidway- GigabitEthernet2/0/1] port default vlan 10
[Quidway- GigabitEthernet2/0/1] quit
3、将多个端口加入到VLAN中
<Quidway>system-view
[Quidway]vlan 10
[Quidway-vlan10]port GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 to 1/0/29 //将0到29号口加入到vlan10中
4、交换机配置IP地址
[Quidway] interface Vlanif100
[Quidway-Vlanif100] ip address 119.167.200.90 255.255.255.252
[Quidway] interface Vlanif10
[Quidway-Vlanif10] ip address 119.167.206.129 255.255.255.128
5、配置默认网关：
[Quidway]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 119.167.200.89 //配置默认网关。
6、 交换机保存设置和重置命令
<Quidway>save
<Quidway>reset saved-configuration //重置交换机的配置
<Quidway>reboot //重新启动交换机
7、交换机常用的显示命令
用户视图模式下：
<Quidway>display current-configuration //显示现在交换机正在运行的配置明细
<Quidway>display device //显示各设备状态
<Quidway>display interface ？ //显示个端口状态，用？可以查看后边跟的选项
<Quidway>display version //查看交换机固件版本信息
<Quidway>display vlan ？ // 查看vlan的配置信息

• Access port
• Trunk port

[SW3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 to 50

• Hybrid port
• QinQ
• Vlan Aggregation
  详情链接1
• Mux VLAN
  详情链接1
• Voice VLAN

Transparent bridge

交换机就是多端口网桥。

• Local Bridging
• Remote Bridging
• Integrated Bridging and Routing
• VLAN ID Transparent Transmission

Link Aggregation, Eth-Trunk and IP-Trunk, Load-balance, LACP

• Link Aggregation
• LACP

[SW1]interface Eth-Trunk 1
[SW1-Eth-Trunk1]mode manual load-balance //默认即为手工模式，可不配置
[SW1-Eth-Trunk1]load-balance ? //查看可配置的均衡方式，默认为src-dst-ip
[SW1-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 to 0/0/2
[SW1-Eth-Trunk1]display eth-trunk 1
[SW1-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk
[SW1-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
----------------------------------
上面是手工模式，下面是LACP模式
----------------------------------
[SW1]interface Eth-Trunk 2
[SW1-Eth-Trunk2]mode lacp-static //配置为lacp静态模式
[SW1-Eth-Trunk2]trunkport GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 to 0/0/3

Ethernet Technologies

• Speed and duplex
• Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 10GE/40GE/100GE
• Auto MDI/MDIX
  Media Dependent Interface 网线的交叉线和直连线自动转换
• Auto negotiation
• Storm control
  详情链接1
• Unicast flooding control
  未知单播：MAC表中无对应条目

Smart Link

单点故障解决方案介绍smart link/monitor link /stp

DLDP

设备链路检测协议DLDP（Device Link Detection Protocol）用来监控光纤或铜质双绞线（例如超五类双绞线）的链路状态。如果发现单向链路存在，DLDP协议会根据用户配置，自动关闭或通知用户手工关闭相关接口，以防止网络问题的发生。

Switched Port Analyzer (port-mirroring)

【端口镜像、流镜像、VLAN镜像、MAC镜像】 X 【本地镜像、二层远程镜像、三层远程镜像】

CSS/iStack

华为交换机CSS/iStack配置
华为交换机iStack配置
华为交换机IStack配置

HDLC/IP-Trunk and PPP/MP

HDLC PPP PPPoE
IP Trunk
PPP协议允许将多个链路捆绑为一个逻辑链路使用，这种提高带宽的技术称为多链路PPP，即MP。
配置举例

PPPoE

IPv4/v6 Unicast

IPv4 addressing, subnetting and VLSM

寻址
A/B/C类地址，私有地址，组播地址
路由环路的原因：配置错误、聚合了不存在的网络、网络故障

IPv4 tunneling and GRE

L2TP

参考链接1
参考链接2

GRE

参考链接1

IPsec

参考链接1

SSL

SSH

IPv6 addressing

ICMPv6

IPv6 functionality protocols

Migration techniques

• Tunneling techniques
• Translation techniques

IPv4/v6 OSPF

• Standard OSPF areas
• Stub area
• Totally stubby area
• NSSA
• Totally NSSA
• LSA types
• Adjacency on a point-to-point and on a multi-access network
• Virtual-Link
• LSA Filter
• OSPF Fast Convergence
• Stub Router
• OSPF authentication

IPv4/v6 IS-IS

• NSAP
• IS-IS Link-state packets
• IS-IS area type
• IS-IS circuit type
• IS-IS TLV
• IS-IS DIS and Pseudo node
• IS-IS SPF
• IS-IS LSP
• IS-IS Metric
• IS-IS Route Leaking
• IS-IS MT
• IS-IS Fast Convergence
• IS-IS LDP Synchronization
• IS-IS Authentication

IPv4/v6 BGP

• IBGP and EBGP
• BGP attributes
• BGP synchronization
• BGP routes Summarization
• Route Dampening
• BGP route reflector
• BGP community
• BGP Peer Groups
• BGP Security
• Principles of Route Selection

Route Control

• Filtering
• IP Prefix list
• Route Import (redistribution)
• Route policy
• Summarization
• Preference
• Other advanced features

MPLS VPN

MPLS

• MPLS network component (P PE CE)
• MPLS label format
• MPLS label encapsulation
• Forwarding Equivalence Class
• LDP
• Label advisement model
• MPLS LDP - Local Label Allocation Filtering
• MPLS LDP inbound/outbound Label Binding Filtering

MPLS Layer 3 VPN

• MP-IBGP VPNv4 peering
• VPN-instance
• Route Distinguisher
• Route Target
• Route Target import/export
• PE-CE-Dynamic Routes
• PE-CE-Static Routes
• Redistributing PE-CE routes into VPNv4
• Redistributing VPNv4 routes into PE-CE routing table\
• MCE

Inter-AS MPLS VPN

• Option A
• Option B
• Option C

IPv4/v6 Multicast

• Multicast distribution tree
• Multicast forwarding
• Multicast RPF
• PIM-SM
• IGMP/MLD
• IGMP Snooping/MLD Snooping
• PIM RP, and BSR
• Multicast tools, features and source-specific multicast

Network Security

Access lists

uRPF

IP Source Guard

AAA

802.1x /NAC

NAT

• Static NAT/NAPT
• Dynamic NAT/PAT
• Easy IP
• NAT Server
• Twice NAT
• ALG
• NAT Mapping
• NAT Filtering

Device access control

IPsec

Traffic Suppression

Local Attack Defense

IP Address Anti-spoofing

ARP Security

DHCP Security

QoS

• Classification
• Traffic Policing
• Traffic Shaping
• Congestion Avoidance
• Congestion Management

Network Management

• Syslog
• IP Service Level Agreement SLA
• NetStream
• SNMP
• FTP
• Telnet
• SSH

Feature

• VRRP
• VGMP
• Interface Backup
• NTP
• DHCP
• BFD
• NSF/GR
• NSR

SDN

• Strategy of SDN/NFV
• SDN architecture
• VXLAN
• EVPN

Planning/Troubleshoot a Network

• Planning/Troubleshoot complex Layer 2 network
• Planning/Troubleshoot complex layer 3 network
• Planning/Troubleshoot a network in response to application
• Planning/Troubleshoot network services
• Planning/Troubleshoot network security