如何在web自动化测试中模拟drag and drop动作

起因

有个小组在做一个页面构建的web站点,用来快速创建结构化的网站页面。该站点支持鼠标拖拽已定义好的各种页面插件,来拼凑成一个完整的页面。这些创建好的页面可以直接在公司的站点上使用,提高前端页面构建效率。
对此web站点,也是要做自动化进行验证,那么拖拽功能就是首先遇到的一个问题。

经过

思路1

selenium webdriver 中不就有拖拽命令,直接用不就行了。我们用的是webdriverio 来执行浏览器操作,首先就找到了这个链接 webdriverio dragAndDrop ,各种尝试都不行。

思路2

搜了一下internet看看网上是否有,发现这可能是一个selenium未解决的问题 selenium issue, chromedriver issue
网上也有很多人遇到同样的问题,最早从2015年开始一直到最近都陆续有人在selenium issue里面提问题,但是官方一直没有解决???这也是很神奇

思路3

网上搜索还是找到很多不同的解决方案,于是先找一些现成的代码试试看,阅尽千帆后发现没有一个能直接用上的,但是还是获取了一些信息,对后续的解决方案提供了帮助。同时也找到另一个有意思的端到端测试框架cypress.js,可以直接利用它来实现页面元素的拖拽测试,但是涉及到要换测试框架的问题,所以最终还是没有采用这个新框架,但该框架提供了一个用JS来解决拖拽问题的方向。

思路4

还是来分析一下测试目标的一些细节,可以从页面源码看到该站点的可拖拽元素是基于HTML drag and drop API 来做的,该元素增加了一个draggable 属性,就可以执行拖拽行为了。同时从站点源码看到其使用vuejs构建,vuejs的拖拽功能是通过vue.draggable.next来实现的,它是基于SortableJS这个开源包的支持来实现网页拖拽行为。
于是最终的想法是利用drag and drop API来模拟拖拽动作

结果

下面的代码参考了很多资料,真实有效的解决了vuejs上拖拽操作的模拟。代码中有注释做简单说明,希望对大家有帮助。
拖拽动作到底要触发哪些事件,其实是参考了cypress.js 的执行结果,发现它使用了以下事件来模拟拖拽:

  1. pointerdown

  2. mousedown

  3. dragstart

  4. dragover

  5. mousemove

  6. pointermove

  7. drop

  8. mouseup

  9. pointerup
    所以下面的代码总的来说就是使用JS创建以上的事件,然后按照顺序执行这一系列事件,从而达到模拟拖拽行为。
    比较重要的一点,是要意识到:拖拽元素是通过drag event的dataTransfer来传输,所以需要在dragstart事件构造一个dataTransfer对象,然后把该dataTransfer对象传给后续的drag事件,以此绑定元素到拖拽动作中。

     var triggerDragAndDrop = function (source, target, offsetY = 0) {
         var DELAY_INTERVAL_MS = 100;
         var MAX_TRIES = 10;
         var dragStartEvent;
    
         function createNewDataTransfer() {
             var data = {};
             return {
                 clearData: function (key) {
                     if (key === undefined) {
                         data = {};
                     } else {
                         delete data[key];
                     }
                 },
                 getData: function (key) {
                     return data[key];
                 },
                 setData: function (key, value) {
                     data[key] = value;
                 },
                 setDragImage: function () { },
                 dropEffect: 'move',
                 files: [],
                 items: [],
                 types: ['text/plain'],
                 effectAllowed: 'move'
             }
         };
         var fireDragEvent = function (type, elem, clientX, clientY, dataTransfer) {
             let event = new DragEvent(type, {
                 bubbles: true,
                 cancelable: true,
                 view: window,
                 clientX: clientX,
                 clientY: clientY,
                 pageX: clientX,
                 pageY: clientY,
                 screenX: clientX,
                 screenY: clientY,
                 relatedTarget: elem
             });
             event.dataTransfer = dataTransfer || createNewDataTransfer();
             elem.dispatchEvent(event);
             return event;
         }
         var firePointerEvent = function (type, elem, clientX, clientY) {
             let event = new PointerEvent(type, {
                 bubbles: true,
                 cancelable: true,
                 view: window,
                 pageX: clientX,
                 pageY: clientY,
                 screenX: clientX,
                 screenY: clientY,
                 button: 0,
                 which: 1
             });
             event.preventDefault()
             elem.dispatchEvent(event)
         }
         var firePointerMoveEvent = function (type, elem, clientX, clientY) {
             let event = new PointerEvent(type, {
                 bubbles: true,
                 cancelable: true,
                 view: window,
                 pageX: clientX,
                 pageY: clientY,
                 screenX: clientX,
                 screenY: clientY,
             });
             event.preventDefault()
             elem.dispatchEvent(event)
         }
         var fireMouseMoveEvent = function (type, elem, clientX, clientY) {
             var event = new MouseEvent(type, {
                 bubbles: true,
                 cancelable: true,
                 view: window,
                 pageX: clientX,
                 pageY: clientY,
                 screenX: clientX,
                 screenY: clientY,
             });
             event.preventDefault()
             elem.dispatchEvent(event)
         }
         var fireMouseEvent = function (type, elem, clientX, clientY) {
             var event = new MouseEvent(type, {
                 bubbles: true,
                 cancelable: true,
                 button: 0,
                 view: window,
                 pageX: clientX,
                 pageY: clientY,
                 screenX: clientX,
                 screenY: clientY,
                 which: 1
             });
             event.preventDefault()
             elem.dispatchEvent(event)
         }
         // fetch target elements
         var elemDrag = document.querySelector(source)
         var elemDrop = document.querySelector(target)
         if (!elemDrag || !elemDrop) return false;
    
         // calculate positions
         var pos = elemDrag.getBoundingClientRect()
         var center1X = Math.floor((pos.left + (pos.width / 2)))
         var center1Y = Math.floor((pos.top + (pos.height / 2)))
         pos = elemDrop.getBoundingClientRect()
         var center2X = Math.floor((pos.left + (pos.width / 2)))
         var center2Y = pos.bottom
         var counter = 0;
         var startingDropRect = elemDrop.getBoundingClientRect();
    
         function rectsEqual(r1, r2) {
             return r1.top === r2.top && r1.right === r2.right && r1.bottom === r2.bottom && r1.left === r2.left;
         }
         function dragover() {
             counter++;
             console.log('DRAGOVER #' + counter);
    
             var currentDropRect = elemDrop.getBoundingClientRect();
             if (rectsEqual(startingDropRect, currentDropRect) && counter < MAX_TRIES) {
                 if (counter != 1) console.log("drop target rect hasn't changed, trying again");
    
                 fireDragEvent("dragover", elemDrop, center2X, center2Y + offsetY, dragStartEvent.dataTransfer)
                 fireMouseMoveEvent("mousemove", elemDrop, center2X, center2Y + offsetY)
                 firePointerMoveEvent("pointermove", elemDrop, center2X, center2Y + offsetY)
                 setTimeout(dragover, DELAY_INTERVAL_MS);
             } else {
                 if (rectsEqual(startingDropRect, currentDropRect)) {
                     console.log("wasn't able to budge drop target after " + MAX_TRIES + " tries, aborting");
                     fireDragEvent("drop", elemDrop, center2X, center2Y + offsetY, dragStartEvent.dataTransfer)
                     fireMouseEvent("mouseup", elemDrop, center2X, center2Y + offsetY)
                     firePointerEvent("pointerup", elemDrop, center2X, center2Y + offsetY)
    
                 } else {
                     setTimeout(drop, DELAY_INTERVAL_MS);
                 }
                 setTimeout(drop, DELAY_INTERVAL_MS);
             }
         }
    
         function drop() {
             console.log('DROP');
             fireDragEvent("drop", elemDrop, center2X, center2Y + offsetY, dragStartEvent.dataTransfer)
             fireMouseEvent("mouseup", elemDrop, center2X, center2Y + offsetY)
             firePointerEvent("pointerup", elemDrop, center2X, center2Y + offsetY)  
    
         }
         // start dragging process
         console.log('DRAGSTART');
    
         firePointerEvent("pointerdown", elemDrag, center1X, center1Y);
         fireMouseEvent("mousedown", elemDrag, center1X, center1Y)
         dragStartEvent = fireDragEvent("dragstart", elemDrag, center1X, center1Y)
    
         setTimeout(dragover, DELAY_INTERVAL_MS);
         return true
     }

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