mysql二进制安装
mysql进阶（上）
文章目录
- mysql进阶（上）
-
- 1. 二进制安装mysql
- 2. mysql配置文件
- 3. 数据库密码破解
-
- 3.1 编辑mysql配置文件，添加一行： skip-grant-tables
- 3.2 重启服务
- 3.3 验证登入
- 3.4 修改密码
- 3.5 删除修改/etc/my.cnf中skip-grant-tables并重启服务
- 3.6 用新的密码去验证登入
1. 二进制安装mysql
//下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
[root@150 ~]# cd /usr/src
[root@150 src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
--2022-07-26 18:25:40-- https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.mysql.com (downloads.mysql.com)... 23.76.76.109, 2402:4f00:4002:194::2e31, 2402:4f00:4002:182::2e31
Connecting to downloads.mysql.com (downloads.mysql.com)|23.76.76.109|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily
Location: https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [following]
--2022-07-26 18:25:41-- https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Resolving cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 23.194.211.12
Connecting to cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|23.194.211.12|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 674830866 (644M) [application/x-tar-gz]
Saving to: ‘mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’
mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.g 100%[===================================================================================>] 643.57M 28.3MB/s in 25s
2022-07-26 18:26:07 (25.3 MB/s) - ‘mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’ saved [674830866/674830866]
[root@150 src]# ls
annobin debug kernels mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
[root@150 src]#
//创建用户和组
[root@150 src]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@150 src]# useradd -M -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql
[root@150 src]# id mysql
uid=299(mysql) gid=299(mysql) groups=299(mysql)
[root@150 src]#
//解压软件至/usr/local/
[root@150 src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@150 src]# ls /usr/local
apache apr apr-until bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 nginx sbin share src
[root@150 src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@150 local]#
[root@150 local]#
[root@150 local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
'mysql' -> 'mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/'
[root@150 local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 14 root root 164 Jul 14 18:59 apache
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 58 Jul 14 18:49 apr
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 43 Jul 14 18:54 apr-until
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Jun 27 14:18 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 Jul 26 18:36 mysql -> mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 Jul 26 18:33 mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 164 Jul 14 16:31 nginx
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Jun 27 14:18 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 src
[root@150 local]#
//修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@150 local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
[root@150 local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
[root@150 local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 14 root root 164 Jul 14 18:59 apache
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 58 Jul 14 18:49 apr
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 43 Jul 14 18:54 apr-until
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Jun 27 14:18 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 Jul 26 18:36 mysql -> mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Jul 26 18:33 mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 164 Jul 14 16:31 nginx
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Jun 27 14:18 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 src
[root@150 local]#
//添加环境变量
[root@150 local]# ls
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 sbin share src
[root@150 local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH'>/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@150 local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@150 local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin/apache:/usr/local/nginx/sbin:/root/bin
[root@150 local]#
[root@150 local]# cd mysql
[root@150 mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql
[root@150 mysql]# ll /usr/include/
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Jul 26 18:53 mysql -> /usr/local/mysql/include/
[root@150 mysql]# ls
bin docs include lib LICENSE man README share support-files
[root@150 mysql]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@150 mysql]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
[root@150 mysql]# ldconfig
[root@150 mysql]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[root@150 mysql]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
22 MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
[root@150 mysql]#
//建立数据存放目录
[root@150 mysql]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@150 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@150 mysql]# ll -d /opt/data/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Jul 26 19:02 /opt/data/
//初始化数据库
[root@150 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data
2022-07-26T11:14:32.501635Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-07-26T11:14:32.645781Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-07-26T11:14:32.666168Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-07-26T11:14:32.721561Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 1ff6b580-0cd4-11ed-84b5-000c296b6021.
2022-07-26T11:14:32.722450Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-07-26T11:14:32.862202Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-26T11:14:32.862224Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-26T11:14:32.862626Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-07-26T11:14:32.961643Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ifuk%1Mt+eKc
[root@150 mysql]#
//这个命令的最后会生成一个临时密码，此处密码是ifuk%1Mt+eKc，密码是随机的。
//生成配置文件
[root@150 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@150 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
[root@150 ~]#
//配置服务启动脚本
[root@150 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
[root@150 support-files]#
[root@150 support-files]#
[root@150 support-files]# ls
magic mysqld_multi.server mysql-log-rotate mysql.server
[root@150 support-files]# file mysql.server
mysql.server: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable
[root@150 support-files]# cp -a mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@150 support-files]#
[root@150 support-files]# vim /etc/init.d/mysql
46 basedir=/usr/local/mysql
47 datadir=/opt/data
//启动mysql
[root@150 ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/150.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@150 ~]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root 2415 1 0 19:35 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
mysql 2615 2415 1 19:35 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=150.err --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 2645 1729 0 19:35 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@150 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@150 ~]#
//修改密码
//使用临时密码登录
[root@150 ~]# yum -y install ncurses-compat-libs
appstream 1.1 MB/s | 4.4 kB 00:00
baseos 907 kB/s | 3.9 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
====================================================================================
Installing:
ncurses-compat-libs x86_64 6.1-9.20180224.el8 BaseOS 328 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 328 k
Installed size: 1.0 M
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@150 ~]#
[root@150 ~]# mysql -uroot -pifuk%1Mt+eKc
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.38
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@150 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
2. mysql配置文件
mysql的配置文件为/etc/my.cnf
配置文件查找次序：若在多个配置文件中均有设定，则最后找到的最终生效
/etc/my.cnf --> /etc/mysql/my.cnf --> --default-extra-file=/PATH/TO/CONF_FILE --> ~/.my.cnf
mysql常用配置文件参数:
| 参数 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| port = 3306 | 设置监听端口 |
| socket = /tmp/mysql.sock | 指定套接字文件位置 |
| basedir = /usr/local/mysql | 指定MySQL的安装路径 |
| datadir = /data/mysql | 指定MySQL的数据存放路径 |
| pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid | 指定进程ID文件存放路径 |
| user = mysql | 指定MySQL以什么用户的身份提供服务 |
| skip-name-resolve | 禁止MySQL对外部连接进行DNS解析,使用这一选项可以消除MySQL进行DNS解析的时间。若开启该选项，则所有远程主机连接授权都要使用IP地址方式,否则MySQL将无法正常处理连接请求 |
3. 数据库密码破解
3.1 编辑mysql配置文件，添加一行： skip-grant-tables
[root@150 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@150 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
skip-grant-tables
sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
[root@150 ~]#
3.2 重启服务
[root@150 ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@150 ~]#
3.3 验证登入
[root@150 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
3.4 修改密码
mysql> select * from user\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: localhost
User: root
authentication_string: *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql>
mysql> update user set authentication_string = Password('123456') where Host = 'localhost' and User = 'root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql>
3.5 删除修改/etc/my.cnf中skip-grant-tables并重启服务
[root@150 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@150 ~]# service mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@150 ~]#
3.6 用新的密码去验证登入
[root@150 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>