Android之MVVM简单例子

登录效果:

Android之MVVM简单例子_第1张图片

代码层级:

代码思路:

1.app gradle中启用dataBinding

android {
    ...
    dataBinding {
        enabled = true
    }
}

2.写layout支持dataBinding




    
        
         ...
        
        
         ...
    
     ...

 3.创建viewModel类

屏幕旋转时viewModel生命周期如下:

说æ ViewModel éç Activity ç¶æçæ¹åèç»åççå½å¨æã

public class LoginViewModel extends AndroidViewModel {...}

4.在activity中绑定viewModel并设置数据监听

// 省略,看详情

详情:

布局:layout/activity_login.xml




    
        
        

    

    


        

        

        

view层LoginActivity:

package com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import androidx.lifecycle.Observer;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;

import com.xtm.mvvmdemo.R;
import com.xtm.mvvmdemo.databinding.ActivityLoginBinding;
import com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.bean.LoginResponseBean;

public class LoginActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ActivityLoginBinding mBinding;
    private LoginViewModel loginViewModel;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mBinding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_login);
        createViewModel();
        bindViewModelToLayout();
        registerViewModelObserver();
        initData();
    }

    private void initData() {
        // 屏幕旋转,activity销毁重建,需要重新获取下保存在viewModel中的数据
        mBinding.etUserName.setText(""+ (TextUtils.isEmpty(loginViewModel.inputName)?"":loginViewModel.inputName));
        mBinding.etPwd.setText(""+ (TextUtils.isEmpty(loginViewModel.inputPwd)?"":loginViewModel.inputPwd));
    }

    /**
     * 创建viewModel
     */
    private void createViewModel() {
//        loginViewModel = new LoginViewModel(getApplication());绝对不可以直接去创建ViewModel的实例,而是一定要通过ViewModelProvider来获取ViewModel的实例
        loginViewModel = new ViewModelProvider(this,new CommonViewModelFactory(new LoginViewModel(getApplication()))).get(LoginViewModel.class);
    }

    /**
     * ViewModelProvider及工厂是有个Map集合存放viewModel对象,相当于把viewModel存入内存中
     */
    class CommonViewModelFactory implements ViewModelProvider.Factory {

        ViewModel viewModel;

        public CommonViewModelFactory(ViewModel viewModel) {
            this.viewModel = viewModel;
        }

        @NonNull
        @Override
        public  T create(@NonNull Class modelClass) {
            return (T) viewModel;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 布局与viewModel绑定
     * 例如:xml中,android:text="@{loginViewModel.success}"
     */
    private void bindViewModelToLayout() {
        mBinding.setVariable(1, loginViewModel);// 传递viewModel对象绑定到布局,当然也可以绑定其他对象,需要与布局中data标签下的类型匹配
        mBinding.setLifecycleOwner(this);// 这里的参数类型为LifecycleOwner,把自己的生命周期告诉给已绑定对象的布局
        mBinding.executePendingBindings();// setVariable时候立即更新所有绑定对象的UI
    }

    /**
     * 向viewModel注册观察者
     * 监听viewModel获取到的数据,来更新UI(数据是主角)
     * 如果不想bindViewModelToLayout(),直接可以用这种方式监听viewModel数据来更新view
     * liveData的observe与observeForever的区别:前者自动,后者需要手动removeObserver
     */
    private void registerViewModelObserver() {
        // 登录返回BaseResponse监听  这里第一个参数 LifecycleOwner类型,把自己的生命周期告诉给viewModel
        loginViewModel.result.observe(this, new Observer>() {
            @Override
            public void onChanged(LoginResponseBean stringLoginResponseBean) {
                // do nothing
            }
        });
        // 登录成功监听
        loginViewModel.success.observe(this, new Observer() {
            @Override
            public void onChanged(String s) {
//                mBinding.tvLoginState.setText(s);// 可以放到xml中监听
            }
        });
        // 登录失败监听
        loginViewModel.failed.observe(this, new Observer() {
            @Override
            public void onChanged(String s) {
//                mBinding.tvLoginState.setText(s);// 可以放到xml中监听
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 点击登录按钮
     * @param view
     */
    public void startLogin(View view) {
        loginViewModel.login(mBinding.etUserName.getText().toString(),mBinding.etPwd.getText().toString());
    }
}

viewModel层:

package com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login;

import android.app.Application;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.lifecycle.AndroidViewModel;
import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;

import com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.bean.LoginResponseBean;
import com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.model.LoginModel;

/**
 * viewModel层
 * 不持有view层对象(相对于mvp,有效防止内存泄漏)
 */
public class LoginViewModel extends AndroidViewModel {
    public MutableLiveData> result = new MutableLiveData<>();// 用于回调数据给v,整个登录返回实体
    public MutableLiveData success = new MutableLiveData<>();// 用于回调数据给v,成功
    public MutableLiveData failed = new MutableLiveData<>();// 用于回调数据给v,失败
    private LoginModel loginModel;

    public LoginViewModel(@NonNull Application application) {
        super(application);
        createModel();
    }

    /**
     * 创建model
     */
    private void createModel() {
        loginModel = new LoginModel();
    }

    /**
     * 登录操作
     * @param name
     * @param pwd
     * LiveData的setValue()来更新UI只能在主线程中调用,postValue()可以在任何线程中调用(类比view的invalidate()与postInvalidate()的区别)
     */
    public void login(String name, String pwd) {
        loginModel.login(name, pwd, new LoginModel.ILoginDataCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onLoginState(LoginResponseBean baseResponse) {
                result.postValue(baseResponse);// 通知v
                if(baseResponse.getCode()==200){
                    success.postValue(baseResponse.getData());// 通知v
                }else {
                    failed.postValue(baseResponse.getMsg());// 通知v
                }
            }
        });

    }
}

model层:

package com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.model;

import android.os.SystemClock;

import com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.bean.LoginResponseBean;


/**
 * 登录业务m层的实现
 */
public class LoginModel {

    public void login(String name, String pwd, ILoginDataCallback loginDataCallback) {
        new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                SystemClock.sleep(3000);// 模拟耗时操作
                LoginResponseBean responseBean;
                if("xtm".equals(name) && "123".equals(pwd)){
                    responseBean = new LoginResponseBean<>(200,"登录成功","欢迎光临!");
                }else {
                    responseBean = new LoginResponseBean<>(400,"登录失败",null);
                }
               loginDataCallback.onLoginState(responseBean);
            }
        }.start();
    }

    /**
     * 用于把数据回传给p层
     */
    public interface ILoginDataCallback{
        void onLoginState(LoginResponseBean baseResponse);
    }

}

实体类:

package com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.bean;

/**
 * 登录响应
 */
public class LoginResponseBean {
    int code;// 状态码
    String msg;// 状态消息
    T data;// 响应数据

    public LoginResponseBean(int code, String msg, T data) {
        this.code = code;
        this.msg = msg;
        this.data = data;
    }

    public int getCode() {
        return code;
    }

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public T getData() {
        return data;
    }
}

ps:

lifecycle生命周期的处理流程:

ui把自己的生命周期通知给viewmodel

也就是UI是被观察者,viewmodel是观察者

而androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity已经实现了LifecycleOwner 接口,类似如下的MyActivity

被观察者:LifecycleOwner

       

public class MyActivity extends Activity implements LifecycleOwner {
    private LifecycleRegistry lifecycleRegistry;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        lifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this);
        lifecycleRegistry.markState(Lifecycle.State.CREATED);// 通知观察者
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        lifecycleRegistry.markState(Lifecycle.State.STARTED);// 通知观察者
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
        return lifecycleRegistry;
    }
}

观察者:LifecycleObserver 

class MyLocationListener implements LifecycleObserver {
    private boolean enabled = false;
    public MyLocationListener(Context context, Lifecycle lifecycle, Callback callback) {
       ...
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START)// 被动收到通知
    void start() {
        if (enabled) {
           // connect
        }
    }

    public void enable() {
        enabled = true;
        if (lifecycle.getCurrentState().isAtLeast(STARTED)) {// 主动获取被观察者状态
            // connect if not connected
        }
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP)// 被动收到通知
    void stop() {
        // disconnect if connected
    }
}

谷歌推荐的架构如下:

Android之MVVM简单例子_第2张图片

现在在原来的基础上增加一个Repository

在这之前先了解下rxjava3的使用:

引入rxandroid:GitHub - ReactiveX/RxAndroid: RxJava bindings for Android

model层修改如下:

package com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.model;

import android.os.SystemClock;

import com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.bean.LoginResponseBean;
import com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.bean.ReqUserBean;

import io.reactivex.rxjava3.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.annotations.NonNull;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.core.Flowable;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.core.Observable;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.core.Observer;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.disposables.Disposable;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.functions.Consumer;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.functions.Function;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.schedulers.Schedulers;


/**
 * 登录业务m层的实现
 */
public class LoginModel {

    public void login(String name, String pwd, ILoginDataCallback loginDataCallback) {
       // 方式一
        new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                SystemClock.sleep(3000);// 模拟耗时操作
                LoginResponseBean responseBean;
                if("xtm".equals(name) && "123".equals(pwd)){
                    responseBean = new LoginResponseBean<>(200,"登录成功","欢迎光临!");
                }else {
                    responseBean = new LoginResponseBean<>(400,"登录失败",null);
                }
               loginDataCallback.onLoginState(responseBean);
            }
        }.start();

        // 方式二
        ReqUserBean reqUserBean = new ReqUserBean(name,pwd);
        Disposable disposable1 = Observable.just(reqUserBean)
                .map(new Function() {
                    @Override
                    public LoginResponseBean apply(ReqUserBean reqUserBean) throws Throwable {
                        SystemClock.sleep(3000);// 模拟耗时操作
                        LoginResponseBean responseBean;
                        if ("xtm".equals(reqUserBean.getName()) && "123".equals(reqUserBean.getPwd())) {
                            responseBean = new LoginResponseBean<>(200, "登录成功", "欢迎光临!");
                        } else {
                            responseBean = new LoginResponseBean<>(400, "登录失败", null);
                        }
                        return responseBean;
                    }
                })
                .subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread())
                .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                .subscribe(new Consumer() {
                    @Override
                    public void accept(LoginResponseBean loginResponseBean) throws Throwable {
                        loginDataCallback.onLoginState(loginResponseBean);
                    }
                });

        // 方式三
        Disposable disposable2 = Flowable.just(reqUserBean)
                .map(new Function() {
                    @Override
                    public LoginResponseBean apply(ReqUserBean reqUserBean) throws Throwable {
                        SystemClock.sleep(3000);// 模拟耗时操作
                        LoginResponseBean responseBean;
                        if ("xtm".equals(reqUserBean.getName()) && "123".equals(reqUserBean.getPwd())) {
                            responseBean = new LoginResponseBean<>(200, "登录成功", "欢迎光临!");
                        } else {
                            responseBean = new LoginResponseBean<>(400, "登录失败", null);
                        }
                        return responseBean;
                    }
                })
                .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                .subscribe(new Consumer() {
                    @Override
                    public void accept(LoginResponseBean loginResponseBean) throws Throwable {
                        loginDataCallback.onLoginState(loginResponseBean);
                    }
                });


    }

    /**
     * 用于把数据回传给p层
     */
    public interface ILoginDataCallback{
        void onLoginState(LoginResponseBean baseResponse);
    }

}

虽然之前解决了viewModel持有view导致的view的内存泄漏问题,不过上述还存在一个问题,当view销毁的时候,并没有停止异步任务 ,导致资源浪费。

解决办法:

1.在每个view销毁的时候调用

 // 丢弃掉提交的任务
  if(disposable!=null && !disposable.isDisposed()){
        disposable.dispose();
  }

 这样写不太优雅,可以统一在仓库类中处理:

新建仓库:

package com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.base;


import io.reactivex.rxjava3.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.core.Flowable;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.disposables.CompositeDisposable;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.disposables.Disposable;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.functions.Consumer;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.schedulers.Schedulers;

/**
 * viewModel专属仓库
 * 统一对资源的管理(添加,移除,释放)
 *
 */
public class BaseRepository {
    private CompositeDisposable mCompositeDisposable;// rxjava订阅的任务队列


    public BaseRepository() {
        if(mCompositeDisposable==null){
            mCompositeDisposable = new CompositeDisposable();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 绑定观察者并添加到任务队列
     * @param flowable 被观察者
     * @param subscriber 观察者
     * @param  参数对象
     */
    public  void addDisposable(Flowable flowable, Consumer subscriber){
        Disposable disposable = flowable.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()).observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()).subscribe(subscriber);
        mCompositeDisposable.add(disposable);
    }

    /**
     * 从任务队列移除某个已绑定的Disposable
     * @param disposable
     */
    public void removeDisposable(Disposable disposable){
        mCompositeDisposable.remove(disposable);
    }

    /**
     * 清空任务队列
     */
    public void clearDisposable(){
        if(mCompositeDisposable!=null){
            mCompositeDisposable.dispose();
        }
    }



}

 去掉之前的LoginModel类,修改LoginViewModel类:

package com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login;

import android.app.Application;
import android.os.SystemClock;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.lifecycle.AndroidViewModel;
import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;

import com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.base.BaseRepository;
import com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.bean.LoginResponseBean;
import com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.bean.ReqUserBean;
import com.xtm.mvvmdemo.module.login.model.LoginModel;

import io.reactivex.rxjava3.core.Flowable;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.functions.Consumer;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.functions.Function;

/**
 * viewModel层
 * 不持有view层对象(相对于mvp,有效防止内存泄漏)
 */
public class LoginViewModel extends AndroidViewModel {
    public String inputName;
    public String inputPwd;
    public MutableLiveData> result = new MutableLiveData<>();// 用于回调数据给v,整个登录返回实体
    public MutableLiveData success = new MutableLiveData<>();// 用于回调数据给v,成功
    public MutableLiveData failed = new MutableLiveData<>();// 用于回调数据给v,失败
    private LoginModel loginModel;
    private final BaseRepository mBaseRepository;

    public LoginViewModel(@NonNull Application application) {
        super(application);
        mBaseRepository = new BaseRepository();// 0.创建仓库
    }



    /**
     * 登录操作
     * @param name
     * @param pwd
     */
    public void login(String name, String pwd) {
        ReqUserBean reqUserBean = new ReqUserBean(name,pwd);
        // 1.创建被观察者
        Flowable flowable = Flowable.just(reqUserBean)
                .map(new Function() {
                    @Override
                    public LoginResponseBean apply(ReqUserBean reqUserBean) throws Throwable {
                        SystemClock.sleep(3000);// 模拟耗时操作
                        LoginResponseBean responseBean;
                        if ("xtm".equals(reqUserBean.getName()) && "123".equals(reqUserBean.getPwd())) {
                            responseBean = new LoginResponseBean<>(200, "登录成功", "欢迎光临!");
                        } else {
                            responseBean = new LoginResponseBean<>(400, "登录失败", null);
                        }
                        return responseBean;
                    }
                });
        // 2.创建观察者
        Consumer consumer = new Consumer() {
            @Override
            public void accept(LoginResponseBean baseResponse) throws Throwable {
                result.postValue(baseResponse);// 通知v
                if(baseResponse.getCode()==200){
                    success.postValue((String) baseResponse.getData());// 通知v
                }else {
                    failed.postValue(baseResponse.getMsg());// 通知v
                }
            }
        };
        // 3.注册观察者
        mBaseRepository.addDisposable(flowable,consumer);

    }

    @Override
    protected void onCleared() {
        super.onCleared();
        // 4.移除观察者
        mBaseRepository.clearDisposable();// 清空仓库任务
    }
}

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