C++PrimerPlus 第八章 函数探幽(编程练习含答案)

C++PrimerPlus 函数探幽(编程练习含答案) 

1、编写通常接受一个参数(字符串的地址),并打印该字符串的函数。然而,如果提供了第二个参数(int类型),且该参数不为0,则该函数打印字符串的次数将为该函数被调用的次数(注意,字符串的打印次数不等于第二个参数的值,而等于函数被调用的次数)。是的,这是一个非常可笑的函数,但它让您能够使用本章介绍的一些技术。在一个简单的程序中使用该函数,以演示该函数是如何工作的。

答案:

#include
using namespace std;

static int flag = 0;
void print(char* str, int n = 0);

int main() 
{
	char str[13] = "Hello World!";
	print(str);
	print(str, 5);
	print(str, 10);
	return 0;
}

void print(char* str, int n)
{
	if (n == 0)
		cout << str << endl;
	else
	{
		flag++;
		for (int i = 0; i < flag; i++)
			cout << str << endl;
	}
	cout << endl;
}

2、CandyBar结构包含3个成员。第一个成员存储candy bar的品牌名称;第二个成员存储candy bar的重量(可能有小数);第三个成员存储candy bar的热量(整数)。请编写一个程序,它使用一个这样的函数,即将CandyBar的引用、char指针、double和int作为参数,并用最后3个值设置相应的结构成员。最后3个参数的默认值分别为“Millennium Munch”、2.85和350。另外,该程序还包含一个以CandyBar的引用为参数,并显示结构内容的函数。请尽可能使用const。

答案:

#include
#include
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar 
{
	string name;
	float weight;
	int colories;
};

void SetValue(CandyBar&, const char* = "Millennium Munch", const float = 2.85, const int = 350);
void Show(const CandyBar&);

int main() 
{
	CandyBar cb = { "Bob",7.5,324 };
	Show(cb);
	SetValue(cb, "Jank", 13.0, 10);
	Show(cb);
	SetValue(cb);
	Show(cb);
	return 0;
}

void SetValue(CandyBar& cb, const char* str, const float w, const int c)
{
	cb.name = str;
	cb.weight = w;
	cb.colories = c;
}

void Show(const CandyBar& cb) 
{
	cout << "name: " << cb.name << endl;
	cout << "weight: " << cb.weight << endl;
	cout << "colories: " << cb.colories << endl;
}

3、编写一个函数,它接受一个指向string对象的引用作为参数,并将该string对象的内容转换为大写,为此可使用表6.4描述的函数toupper()。然后编写一个程序,它通过使用一个循环让您能够用不同的输入来测试这个函数,该程序的运行情况如下:

        Enter a string (q to quit): go away

        GO AWAY

        Next string (q to quit): good grief!

        GOOD GRIEF!

        Next string(q to quit): q

        Bye.

答案:

#include
#include
#include

using namespace std;

void Conver(string&);

int main() 
{
	string word;
	cout << "Enter a string (q to quit): ";
	while (getline(cin,word) && word != "q")
	{
		Conver(word);
		cout << word << endl;
		cout << "Enter a string (q to quit): ";
	}
	cout << "Bye." << endl;
	return 0;
}

void Conver(string& str) 
{
	for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
		str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
}

4、下面是一个程序框架:

#include
using namespace std;
#include	//for strlen(), strcpy()
struct stringy {
	char* str;		//points to a string
	int ct;			//length of string (not counting '\0')
};

//prototypes for set(), show(), and show() go here
int main() 
{
	stringy beany;
	char testing[] = "Reality isn't what it used to be.";

	set(beany, testing);	//first argument is a reference
							//allocates space to hold copy of testing,
							//sets str member of beany to point to the
							//new block, copies testing to new block,
							//and sets ct member of beany
	show(beany);			//prints member string once
	show(beany, 2);			//prints member string twice
	testing[0] = 'D';
	testing[1] = 'u';
	show(testing);			//prints testing string once
	show(testing, 3);		//prints testing string thrice
	show("Done!");
	return 0;
}

请提供其中描述的函数和原型,从而完成该程序。注意,应有两个show()函数,每个都使用默认参数。请尽可能使用const参数。set()使用new分配足够的空间来存储指定的字符串。这里使用的技术与设计和实现类时使用的相似。(可能还必须修改头文件的名称,删除using编译指令,这取决于所用的编译器。)

答案:

#include
#include	
using namespace std;
struct stringy {
	char* str;		
	int ct;			
};

void set(stringy&, const char[]);
void show(const stringy&, const int = 1);
void show(const char[], const int = 1);

int main() 
{
	stringy beany;
	char testing[] = "Reality isn't what it used to be.";

	set(beany, testing);	//first argument is a reference
							//allocates space to hold copy of testing,
							//sets str member of beany to point to the
							//new block, copies testing to new block,
							//and sets ct member of beany
	show(beany);			//prints member string once
	show(beany, 2);			//prints member string twice
	testing[0] = 'D';
	testing[1] = 'u';
	show(testing);			//prints testing string once
	show(testing, 3);		//prints testing string thrice
	show("Done!");
	return 0;
}

void set(stringy& s, const char arr[])
{
	char* str = new char[strlen(arr) + 1];
	strcpy_s(str, strlen(arr) + 1, arr);
	s.str = str;
	s.ct = strlen(arr);
}

void show(const stringy& s, const int n)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		cout << s.str << endl;
	cout << endl;
}

void show(const char str[], const int n)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		cout << str << endl;
	cout << endl;
}

5、编写模板函数max5(),它将一个包含5个T类型元素的数组作为参数,并返回数组中最大的元素(由于长度固定,因此可以在循环中使用硬编码,而不必通过参数来传递)。在一个程序中使用该函数,将T替换为一个包含5个int值的数组,以测试该函数。

答案:

#include
using namespace std;

template
T max5(T[5]);

int main() 
{
	int a1[5] = { 27,52,48,15,6 };
	double a2[5] = { 15.2,18.7,20.3,16.9,7.5 };
	cout << "The max of a1: " << max5(a1) << endl;
	cout << "The max of a2: " << max5(a2) << endl;
	return 0;
}

template
T max5(T arr[5])
{
	T temp = arr[0];
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		if (arr[i] > temp)
			temp = arr[i];
	}
	return temp;
}

6、编写模板函数maxn(),它将由一个T类型元素组成的数组和一个表示数组元素数目的整数作为参数,并返回数组中最大的元素。在程序对它进行测试,该程序使用一个包含6个int元素的数组和一个包含4个double元素的数组来调用该函数。程序还包含一个具体化,它将char指针数组和数组中的指针数量作为参数,并返回最长的字符串的地址。如果有多个这样的字符串,则返回其中第一个字符串的地址。使用由5个字符串指针组成的数组来测试该具体化。

答案:

#include
using namespace std;

template
T maxn(T[], int n);
template<>const char* maxn(const char*[], int n);

int main() 
{
	int a1[5] = { 27,52,48,15,6 };
	double a2[8] = { 15.2,18.7,20.3,16.9,7.5, 6.7, 5.2, 13.7 };
	const char* a3[3] = {"Jack", "Bob", "Jarry"};
	cout << "The max of a1: " << maxn(a1, 5) << endl;
	cout << "The max of a2: " << maxn(a2, 8) << endl;
	cout << "The max of a3: " << maxn(a3, 3) << endl;
	return 0;
}

template
T maxn(T arr[], int n)
{
	T temp = arr[0];
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (arr[i] > temp)
			temp = arr[i];
	}
	return temp;
}

template<>
const char* maxn(const char* str[], int n)
{
	const char* temp = str[0];
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		if (strlen(str[i]) > strlen(temp))
			temp = str[i];
	}
	return temp;
}

7、修改程序清单8.14,使其使用两个名为SumArray()的模板函数来返回数组元素的总和,而不是显示数组的内容。程序应显示thing的总和以及所有debt的总和。

#include

template		//template A
void ShowArray(T arr[], int n);

template		//template B
void ShowArray(T* arr[], int n);

struct debts
{
	char name[20];
	double amount;
};

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	int things[6] = { 13,31,103,301,310,130 };
	struct debts mr_E[3] =
	{
		{"Ima Wolfe", 2400.0},
		{"Ura Foxe", 1300.0},
		{"Iby Stout", 1800.0}
	};
	double* pd[3];

//set pointers to the amount members of the structures in mr_E
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		pd[i] = &mr_E[i].amount;
	cout << "Listing Mr.E's counts of things:\n";
//things is an array of int
	ShowArray(things, 6);	//uses template A
//pd is an array of pointers to double
	ShowArray(pd, 3);		//uses template B(more specialized)
	return 0;
}

template
void ShowArray(T arr[], int n)
{
	using namespace std;
	cout << "template A\n";
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		cout << arr[i] << ' ';
	cout << endl;
}

template
void ShowArray(T* arr[], int n)
{
	using namespace std;
	cout << "template B\n";
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		cout << *arr[i] << ' ';
	cout << endl;
}

答案:

#include
using namespace std;

template
T SumArray(T arr[], int n);

template
T SumArray(T* arr[], int n);

struct debts
{
	char name[20];
	double amount;
};

int main()
{
	int things[6] = { 13,31,103,301,310,130 };
	struct debts mr_E[3] =
	{
		{"Ima Wolfe", 2400.0},
		{"Ura Foxe", 1300.0},
		{"Iby Stout", 1800.0}
	};
	double* pd[3];
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		pd[i] = &mr_E[i].amount;
	cout << "Listing Mr.E's counts of things:\n";
	cout << "sum = " << SumArray(things, 6) << endl;
	cout << "Listing Mr's debts:\n";
	cout << "sum = " << SumArray(pd, 3) << endl;
	return 0;
}

template
T SumArray(T arr[], int n)
{
	cout << "template A\n";
	T sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		sum += arr[i];
	return sum;
}

template
T SumArray(T* arr[], int n)
{
	cout << "template B\n";
	T sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		sum += *arr[i];
	return sum;
}

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