14、SpringMVC执行流程

文章目录

  • 14、SpringMVC执行流程
    • 14.1、SpringMVC常用组件
      • 1 DispatcherServlet(前端控制器)
      • 2 HandlerMapping(处理器映射器)
      • 3 Handler(处理器)
      • 4 HandlerAdapter(处理器适配器)
      • 5 ViewResolver(视图解析器)
      • 6 View(视图)
    • 14.2、DispatcherServlet初始化过程
      • 1 初始化WebApplicationContext
      • 2 创建WebApplicationContext
      • 3 DispatcherServlet初始化策略
    • 14.3、DispatcherServlet调用组件处理请求
      • 1 processRequest()
      • 2 doService()
      • 3 doDispatch()
      • 4 processDispatchResult()
    • 14.4、SpringMVC的执行流程
      • 1 DispatcherServlet
      • 2 控制器方法不存在
      • 3 控制器方法存在则执行下面的流程
      • 4 额外的工作
      • 5 余下步骤
    • 14.5、画图


【尚硅谷】SSM框架全套教程-讲师:杨博超

保持热爱、奔赴山河

14、SpringMVC执行流程

14.1、SpringMVC常用组件

1 DispatcherServlet(前端控制器)

介绍:前端控制器,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供

作用:统一处理请求和响应,整个流程控制的中心,由它调用其它组件处理用户的请求

2 HandlerMapping(处理器映射器)

介绍:处理器映射器,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供

作用:根据请求的url、method等信息查找Handler,即控制器方法

3 Handler(处理器)

介绍:处理器,需要工程师开发

作用:在DispatcherServlet的控制下Handler对具体的用户请求进行处理

4 HandlerAdapter(处理器适配器)

介绍:处理器适配器,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供

作用:通过HandlerAdapter对处理器(控制器方法)进行执行

5 ViewResolver(视图解析器)

介绍:视图解析器,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供

作用:进行视图解析,得到相应的视图,例如:ThymeleafView、InternalResourceView、RedirectView

6 View(视图)

介绍:视图

作用:将模型数据通过页面展示给用户

14.2、DispatcherServlet初始化过程

DispatcherServlet 本质上是一个 Servlet,所以天然的遵循 Servlet 的生命周期。

所以宏观上是 Servlet生命周期来进行调度。

继承关系

DispatcherServlet

public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {}

FrameworkServlet

public abstract class FrameworkServlet extends HttpServletBean implements ApplicationContextAware {}

HttpServletBean

public abstract class HttpServletBean extends HttpServlet implements EnvironmentCapable, EnvironmentAware {}

HttpServlet

public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet{}

GenericServlet

public abstract class GenericServlet implements Servlet, ServletConfig, java.io.Serializable{}

Servlet

public interface Servlet {}

14、SpringMVC执行流程_第1张图片

1 初始化WebApplicationContext

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet

@Override
protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
	getServletContext().log("Initializing Spring " + getClass().getSimpleName() + " '" + getServletName() + "'");
	if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
		logger.info("Initializing Servlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
	}
	long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

	try {
		//初始化 WebApplicationContext
		this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
		initFrameworkServlet();
	}
	catch (ServletException | RuntimeException ex) {
		logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
		throw ex;
	}

	if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
		String value = this.enableLoggingRequestDetails ?
				"shown which may lead to unsafe logging of potentially sensitive data" :
				"masked to prevent unsafe logging of potentially sensitive data";
		logger.debug("enableLoggingRequestDetails='" + this.enableLoggingRequestDetails +
				"': request parameters and headers will be " + value);
	}

	if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
		logger.info("Completed initialization in " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) + " ms");
	}
}

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet

protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
	WebApplicationContext rootContext =
			WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
	WebApplicationContext wac = null;

	if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
		// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
		wac = this.webApplicationContext;
		if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
			ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
			if (!cwac.isActive()) {
				// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
				// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
				if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
					// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
					// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
					cwac.setParent(rootContext);
				}
				configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
			}
		}
	}
	if (wac == null) {
		// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
		// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
		// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
		// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
		wac = findWebApplicationContext();
	}
	if (wac == null) {
		// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
		// 创建WebApplicationContext
		wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
	}

	if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
		// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
		// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
		// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
		synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) {
		// 刷新WebApplicationContext
			onRefresh(wac);
		}
	}

	if (this.publishContext) {
		// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
		// 将IOC容器在应用域共享
		String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
		getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
	}

	return wac;
}

2 创建WebApplicationContext

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet

protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(@Nullable WebApplicationContext parent) {
	return createWebApplicationContext((ApplicationContext) parent);
}

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet

protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(@Nullable ApplicationContext parent) {
	Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass();
	if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
		throw new ApplicationContextException(
				"Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
				"': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() +
				"] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");
	}
	// 通过反射创建 IOC 容器对象
	ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =
			(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);

	wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
	// 设置父容器
	wac.setParent(parent);
	String configLocation = getContextConfigLocation();
	if (configLocation != null) {
		wac.setConfigLocation(configLocation);
	}
	configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);

	return wac;
}

3 DispatcherServlet初始化策略

FrameworkServlet 创建 WebApplicationContext后,刷新容器,调用onRefresh(wac),此方法在DispatcherServlet中进行了重写,调用了initStrategies(context)方法,初始化策略,即初始化DispatcherServlet的各个组件

所在类:package org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet

protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
	// For subclasses: do nothing by default.
}

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

@Override
protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
	initStrategies(context);
}

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
	initMultipartResolver(context); // 初始化文件上传解析器
	initLocaleResolver(context); // 初始化本地解析器
	initThemeResolver(context); // 
	initHandlerMappings(context); // 初始化处理器映射器
	initHandlerAdapters(context); // 初始化处理器适配器
	initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context); // 初始化异常解析器
	initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context); // 
	initViewResolvers(context); // 初始化视图解析器
	initFlashMapManager(context); //
}

14.3、DispatcherServlet调用组件处理请求

1 processRequest()

FrameworkServlet重写HttpServlet中的service()和doXxx(),这些方法中调用了processRequest(request, response)

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet

protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
		throws ServletException, IOException {

	long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
	Throwable failureCause = null;

	LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
	LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request);

	RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
	ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);

	WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
	asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor());

	initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);

	try {
		// 执行服务,doService()是一个抽象方法,在DispatcherServlet中进行了重写
		doService(request, response);
	}
	catch (ServletException | IOException ex) {
		failureCause = ex;
		throw ex;
	}
	catch (Throwable ex) {
		failureCause = ex;
		throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex);
	}

	finally {
		resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes);
		if (requestAttributes != null) {
			requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
		}
		logResult(request, response, failureCause, asyncManager);
		publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause);
	}
}

2 doService()

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

@Override
protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
	logRequest(request);

	// Keep a snapshot of the request attributes in case of an include,
	// to be able to restore the original attributes after the include.
	Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
	if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
		attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<>();
		Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
		while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
			String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
			if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) {
				attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
			}
		}
	}

	// Make framework objects available to handlers and view objects.
	request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
	request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
	request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
	request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());

	if (this.flashMapManager != null) {
		FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
		if (inputFlashMap != null) {
			request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
		}
		request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
		request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
	}

	RequestPath previousRequestPath = null;
	if (this.parseRequestPath) {
		previousRequestPath = (RequestPath) request.getAttribute(ServletRequestPathUtils.PATH_ATTRIBUTE);
		ServletRequestPathUtils.parseAndCache(request);
	}

	try {
		// 处理请求和响应
		doDispatch(request, response);
	}
	finally {
		if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
			// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
			if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
				restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
			}
		}
		if (this.parseRequestPath) {
			ServletRequestPathUtils.setParsedRequestPath(previousRequestPath, request);
		}
	}
}

3 doDispatch()

所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
	HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
	HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
	boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

	WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

	try {
		ModelAndView mv = null;
		Exception dispatchException = null;

		try {
			processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
			multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);

			// Determine handler for the current request.
			// Determine handler for the current request.
			/*
			mappedHandler:调用链
			包含handler、interceptorList、interceptorIndex
			handler:浏览器发送的请求所匹配的控制器方法
			interceptorList:处理控制器方法的所有拦截器集合
			interceptorIndex:拦截器索引,控制拦截器afterCompletion()的执行
			*/
			mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
			if (mappedHandler == null) {
				noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
				return;
			}

			// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
			// 通过控制器方法创建相应的处理器适配器,调用所对应的控制器方法
			HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

			// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
			String method = request.getMethod();
			boolean isGet = HttpMethod.GET.matches(method);
			if (isGet || HttpMethod.HEAD.matches(method)) {
				long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
				if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
					return;
				}
			}
			// 调用拦截器的preHandle()
			if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
				return;
			}

			// Actually invoke the handler.
			// 由处理器适配器调用具体的控制器方法,最终获得ModelAndView对象
			mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

			if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
				return;
			}

			applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
			// 调用拦截器的postHandle()
			mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			dispatchException = ex;
		}
		catch (Throwable err) {
			// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
			// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
			dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
		}
		// 后续处理:处理模型数据和渲染视图
		processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
	}
	catch (Exception ex) {
		triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
	}
	catch (Throwable err) {
		triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
				new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
	}
	finally {
		if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
			// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
			if (mappedHandler != null) {
				mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
			}
		}
		else {
			// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
			if (multipartRequestParsed) {
				cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
			}
		}
	}
}

4 processDispatchResult()

private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
		@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
		@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {

	boolean errorView = false;

	if (exception != null) {
		if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
			logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
			mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
		}
		else {
			Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
			mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
			errorView = (mv != null);
		}
	}

	// Did the handler return a view to render?
	if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
		// 处理模型数据和渲染视图
		render(mv, request, response);
		if (errorView) {
			WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
		}
	}
	else {
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned.");
		}
	}

	if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
		// Concurrent handling started during a forward
		return;
	}

	if (mappedHandler != null) {
		// Exception (if any) is already handled..
		// 调用拦截器的afterCompletion()
		mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
	}
}

14.4、SpringMVC的执行流程

1 DispatcherServlet

用户向服务器发送请求,请求被SpringMVC DispatcherServlet(前端控制器)捕获。

DispatcherServlet(前端控制器)对请求URL进行解析,得到请求资源标识符(URI),判断请求URI对应的映射:

假设请求的url为 : http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/hello
如上url拆分成三部分:
http://localhost:8080 ------> 服务器域名
SpringMVC ------> 部署在服务器上的web站点
hello ------> 表示控制器方法
通过分析,如上url表示为:请求位于服务器localhost:8080上的SpringMVC站点的hello控制器方法

2 控制器方法不存在

再判断是否配置了


<mvc:default-servlet-handler>mvc:default-servlet-handler>

<mvc:annotation-driven/>

如果没配置,则控制台报映射查找不到,客户端展示404错误

14、SpringMVC执行流程_第2张图片

如果有配置,则先交给 DispatcherServlet(前端控制器) 处理,处理不了,再交给默认servlet处理,访问目标资源(一般为静态资源,如:JS,CSS,HTML),找不到客户端也会展示404错误

14、SpringMVC执行流程_第3张图片

3 控制器方法存在则执行下面的流程

根据该URI,调用HandlerMapping(处理器映射器)获得该Handler(处理器:controller中的方法)配置的所有相关的对象(包括Handler对象以及Handler对象对应的拦截器),最后以HandlerExecutionChain执行链对象的形式返回。

DispatcherServlet 根据获得的 Handler,选择一个合适的HandlerAdapter(处理器适配器),用于执行控制器方法。

如果成功获得HandlerAdapter(处理器适配器),此时将开始执行拦截器的 preHandler(…)方法【正向】

提取Request中的模型数据,填充Handler入参,开始执行Handler(处理器)方法,处理请求。

在填充Handler的入参过程中,根据你的配置,Spring将帮你做一些额外的工作:

4 额外的工作

a HttpMessageConveter(报文信息转换器@RequestBody注解): 将请求消息(如Json、xml等数据)转换成一个对象,将对象转换为指定的响应信息

b 数据转换:对请求消息进行数据转换。如String转换成Integer、Double等

c 数据格式化:对请求消息进行数据格式化。 如将字符串转换成格式化数字或格式化日期等

d 数据验证: 验证数据的有效性(长度、格式等),验证结果存储到BindingResult或Error中

5 余下步骤

Handler执行完成后,向DispatcherServlet 返回一个ModelAndView对象。

此时将开始执行拦截器的 postHandle(…)方法【逆向】

根据返回的ModelAndView(此时会判断是否存在异常:如果存在异常,则执行HandlerExceptionResolver进行异常处理)选择一个适合的
ViewResolver(视图解析器)进行视图解析,根据Model和View,来渲染视图

渲染视图完毕执行拦截器的afterCompletion(…)方法【逆向】

将渲染结果返回给客户端

14.5、画图

14、SpringMVC执行流程_第4张图片
图为SpringMVC的一个较完整的流程图,实线表示SpringMVC框架提供的技术,不需要开发者实现,虚线表示需要开发者实现。

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