Python Basemap加载SHP并填充颜色
Basemap是一个很好用的地图包，但是Basemap的水陆边界比较粗糙，当需要放大局部区域时通常不美观。
问题
1、如何用Basemap加载shp文件
2、对加载的shp面文件着色
解决方法
1、Basemap加载shp文件
示例数据获取地址：https://gadm.org/download_country_v3.html，随便下载一个国家的shp，我这里随便用了阿尔及利亚的数据。另，如果进不去网站，可能需要科学上网
Basemap加载shp文件不能直接进行着色，只能修改线的颜色，对面shp着色比较麻烦。
首先，通过readshapefile函数，代码如下：
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Polygon
from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
from matplotlib.patches import PathPatch
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
m= Basemap(llcrnrlon=-10, llcrnrlat=18, urcrnrlon=15, urcrnrlat=40, projection='lcc', lat_1=22, lat_2=33, lon_0=0)
#设置陆地、海岸线等
m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='aqua')
m.fillcontinents(color='#ddaa66',lake_color='aqua')
m.drawcoastlines()
#设置经纬度
m.drawmeridians(np.arange(-180, 180, 5),\
linewidth=0.5, fontsize=10, labels=[0,0,0,1],color='silver')
m.drawparallels(np.arange(-90, 90, 5),rotation=0,\
linewidth=0.5, fontsize=10, labels=[1,0,0,0],color='silver')
#加载shp
m.readshapefile('gadm36_DZA_0','a', drawbounds=True,color='k',linewidth=1)#shp文件不带后缀
'''
m.readshapefile参数详解：
参数1：shp路径
参数2：对加载的shp的命名，可以随意设置（个人理解）
drawbounds：是否绘制shp边界，默认为True
linewidth：shp边界的线宽
color：边界线的颜色
antialiased：抗锯齿
ax：绘图位置
'''
得到结果如下
可以看到，我们想要的区域没有颜色标识，因为readshapefile没有设置shp面文件填充的选项，因此需要另外设置。
2、shp面文件颜色填充
先上代码
patches = [Polygon(np.array(shape), True) for info, shape in zip(m.a_info, m.a)]
ax.add_collection(PatchCollection(patches, facecolor= 'g', edgecolor='r', linewidths=1., zorder=2))
plt.show()
'''
facecolor为shp面颜色
edgecolor为线的颜色
'''
最后结果如下
最后完整代码如下
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Polygon
from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
from matplotlib.patches import PathPatch
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
m= Basemap(llcrnrlon=-10, llcrnrlat=18, urcrnrlon=15, urcrnrlat=40, projection='lcc', lat_1=22, lat_2=33, lon_0=0)
m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='aqua')
m.fillcontinents(color='#ddaa66',lake_color='aqua')
m.drawcoastlines()
m.drawmeridians(np.arange(-180, 180, 5),\
linewidth=0.5, fontsize=10, labels=[0,0,0,1],color='silver')
m.drawparallels(np.arange(-90, 90, 5),rotation=0,\
linewidth=0.5, fontsize=10, labels=[1,0,0,0],color='silver')
m.readshapefile('gadm36_DZA_0','a', drawbounds=True,color='k',linewidth=1)
patches = [Polygon(np.array(shape), True) for info, shape in zip(m.a_info, m.a)]
ax.add_collection(PatchCollection(patches, facecolor= 'g', edgecolor='r', linewidths=1., zorder=2))
plt.show()
以上内容禁止转载，如有不当之处，敬请指正！
参考：
https://basemaptutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/shapefile.html
https://www.coder.work/article/4945725
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/348686158#:~:text=m.readshapefile%20%28%27gadm36_CHN_shp%2Fsimplied_china_country%27%2C%20%27china%27%2C%20drawbounds%3DTrue%29%20%23%20%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%8C%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E6%B9%BE%E6%B9%BE%20m.readshapefile,%28%27gadm36_CHN_shp%2Fgadm36_TWN_0%27%2C%20%27taiwan%27%2C%20drawbounds%3DTrue%29%20%23%20%E6%B9%BE%E6%B9%BE%EF%BC%8C%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%20%E4%BA%8E%E6%98%AF%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%8E%E6%96%B0%E6%89%BE%E4%BA%86%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%BD%AE%E5%BB%93%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%99%E9%87%8C%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%90%90%E6%A7%BD%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8D%E4%BB%85%E4%BB%85%E4%B8%8A%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E7%BD%91%E5%9D%80%EF%BC%8C%E7%94%9A%E8%87%B3CSDN%E4%B8%8A%E9%9D%A2%E5%BE%88%E5%A4%9A%E5%8C%85%E9%83%BD%E6%98%AF%E9%94%99%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%8CR%E4%BB%96%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%B7%EF%BC%9A%20%E8%99%BD%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%8D%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E7%9F%A5%E4%B9%8E%E5%B0%8F%E7%BC%96%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%AA%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%8C%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E5%8F%B7%E9%82%A3%E8%BE%B9%E5%B0%B1%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%EF%BC%8C%E5%98%BF%E5%98%BF%E3%80%82