【面试官:我看你SQL语句掌握的怎么样?面试SQL语句专题2】

一.查找employees表emp_no与last_name的员工信息

实现SQL

select
  *
from
  employees
where
  emp_no % 2 ! = 0
  and last_name <> 'Mary'
order by
  hire_date desc

二.统计出当前各个title类型对应的员工当前薪水对应的平均工资

实现SQL

select
  t.title,
  avg(s.salary)
from
  titles t
  inner join salaries s on t.emp_no = s.emp_no
group by
  t.title

三.获取当前薪水第二多的员工的emp_no以及其对应的薪水salary

实现SQL

select
  emp_no,
  salary
from
  salaries
where
  salary = (
    select
      salary
    from
      salaries
    group by
      salary
    order by
      salary desc
    limit
      1, 1
  )

四. 获取当前薪水第二多的员工的emp_no以及其对应的薪水salary

实现SQL

select
  s.emp_no,
  s.salary,
  e.last_name,
  e.first_name
from
  salaries s
  join employees e on s.emp_no = e.emp_no
where
  s.salary = (
    select
      max(salary)
    from
      salaries
    where
      salary < (
        select
          max(salary)
        from
          salaries
      )
  )

五.查找所有员工的last_name和first_name以及对应的dept_name

实现SQL

select
  e.last_name,
  e.first_name,
  t.dept_name
from
  employees e
  left join (
    select
      emp.emp_no,
      d.dept_name
    from
      departments d
      left join dept_emp emp on emp.dept_no = d.dept_no
  ) as t on e.emp_no = t.emp_no;

六.查找在职员工自入职以来的薪水涨幅情况

实现SQL

select
  b.emp_no,
  (b.salary - a.salary) as growth
from
  (
    select
      e.emp_no,
      s.salary
    from
      employees e
      left join salaries s on e.emp_no = s.emp_no
      and e.hire_date = s.from_date
  ) a -- 入职工资表
  inner join (
    select
      e.emp_no,
      s.salary
    from
      employees e
      left join salaries s on e.emp_no = s.emp_no
    where
      s.to_date = '9999-01-01'
  ) b -- 现在工资表
  on a.emp_no = b.emp_no
order by
  growth

七.统计各个部门的工资记录数

实现SQL

select
  depart.dept_no,
  depart.dept_name,
  count(temp.emp_no) as sum
from
  departments depart
  left join (
    select
      d.emp_no,
      d.dept_no,
      s.salary
    from
      dept_emp d
      left join salaries s on d.emp_no = s.emp_no
  ) as temp on depart.dept_no = temp.dept_no
group by
  depart.dept_no

八.对所有员工的薪水按照salary降序进行1-N的排名

实现SQL

select
  emp_no,
  salary,
  dense_rank() over(
    order by
      salary desc
  ) as t_rank
from
  salaries
order by
  t_rank,
  emp_no asc

窗口函数用法:
<窗口函数> OVER ( [PARTITION BY <列清单> ]
ORDER BY <排序用列清单> )
*其中[ ]中的内容可以忽略

下面介绍三种用于进行排序的专用窗口函数:
1、RANK()
在计算排序时,若存在相同位次,会跳过之后的位次。
例如,有3条排在第1位时,排序为:1,1,1,4······
2、DENSE_RANK()
这就是题目中所用到的函数,在计算排序时,若存在相同位次,不会跳过之后的位次。
例如,有3条排在第1位时,排序为:1,1,1,2······
3、ROW_NUMBER()
这个函数赋予唯一的连续位次。
例如,有3条排在第1位时,排序为:1,2,3,4······

九.获取所有非manager员工当前的薪水情况

实现SQL

select
  d.dept_no,
  d.emp_no,
  s.salary
from
  dept_emp d
  left join salaries s on d.emp_no = s.emp_no
where
  d.emp_no not in (
    select
      emp_no
    from
      dept_manager
  )

十.获取员工其当前的薪水比其manager当前薪水还高的相关信息

实现SQL

select
  temp.emp_no,
  d.emp_no as manager_no,
  temp.salary as emp_salary,
  temp1.salary as manager_salary
from
  dept_manager d
  left join (
    select
      e.emp_no,
      e.dept_no,
      s.salary
    from
      dept_emp e,
      salaries s
    where
      e.emp_no = s.emp_no
  ) as temp on temp.dept_no = d.dept_no
  left join (
    select
      e.emp_no,
      e.dept_no,
      s.salary
    from
      dept_manager e,
      salaries s
    where
      e.emp_no = s.emp_no
  ) as temp1 on temp1.dept_no = d.dept_no
where
  temp.emp_no not in (
    select
      emp_no
    from
      dept_manager
  )
  and temp.salary > temp1.salary;

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