Docker+Ubuntu+Nginx+uwsgi+Django+Python部署

前言

用Python开发时，经常会用到Django框架，本地跑项目还是比较简单能跑起来，但在云服务器部署时，踩了不少坑，本文将记录部署的全过程，避免再踩同样的坑。文末附上打包好的完整docker镜像

正文

安装Ubuntu

我是用docker部署的，部署完成后可将docker容器打包成镜像，方便以后重复使用。
先部署个ubuntu系统。

# 拉取ubuntu镜像
docker pull ubuntu
# 配置端口，映射路径运行容器
docker run -itd --name ubuntu  -v /c/learn/ubuntu/data/:/data  -p 8500:8500 ubuntu
# 更新apt-get
apt-get update

安装Python

apt-get -y install python-dev
apt-get -y install pip

安装django

# -i 指定指定清华镜像源，下载速度更快。
pip -y install Django -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

安装uwsgi

pip -y install uwsgi

测试uwsgi

在测试目录下新建test.py文件

# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return ["Hello World"] # python2
    #return [b"Hello World"] # python3

执行shell命令

uwsgi --http :9501 --plugin python --wsgi-file test.py

浏览器访问：http://127.0.01:9501，显示Hello World表示正常

测试Django

先测试Django项目正常运行，浏览器访问http://127.0.01:9501

# 创建项目helloworld
django-admin startproject helloworld
 # 运行启动
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9501

用uwsgi启动，浏览器访问http://127.0.01:9501

uwsgi --http :9501 --plugin python --module helloworld.wsgi

配置文件启动uwsgi

在django项目目录下新建uwsgi.ini

[uwsgi]
# Django-related settings
# nginx方式使用socket,不用nginx可使用http，启动后可直接访问
socket = :9501

# the base directory (full path)
chdir           = /www/helloworld

# Django s wsgi file
module          = helloworld.wsgi

# process-related settings
# master
master          = true

# maximum number of worker processes
processes       = 4

# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
# chmod-socket    = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

daemonize      = /var/log/web_helloworld.log

shell 执行

uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini 

查看启动的进程

ps -ef | grep uwsgi

可看到uwsgi有一个主进程和4个子进程。

安装nginx

apt-get -y install nginx

在目录 /etc/nginx/conf.d 新建配置文件helloworld.conf

server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      9501;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name 127.0.0.1; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /www/helloworld/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /www/helloworld/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        include     uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
        uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9502; # 端口号与和uwsgi.ini 一致
    }
}

启动nginx

nginx -t
nginx -s reload

浏览器访问：http://127.0.0.1:9502

多个项目配置

通过nginx配置指定域名blog.com项目。
新建django项目blog

django-admin startproject blog

配置项目域名，在/www/blog/setting.py文件中，ALLOWED_HOSTS加上域名：blog.com

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["restaurant.com"]

在新建项目/www/blog下新建uwsgi.ini

[uwsgi]
# Django-related settings
# nginx方式使用socket,不用nginx可使用http，启动后可直接访问
# 指定不同端口
socket = :9503

# the base directory (full path)
chdir           = /www/blog

# Django s wsgi file
module          = blog.wsgi

# process-related settings
# master
master          = true

# maximum number of worker processes
processes       = 4

# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
# chmod-socket    = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

daemonize      = /var/log/web_blog.log

shell 执行

uwsgi --ini /www/blog/uwsgi.ini 

新增nginx配置/etc/nginx/conf.d/blog.conf

server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      9501;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name blog.com; # 指定域名
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /www/blog/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /www/blog/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        include     uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
        uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9503; #/www/blog/uwsgi.ini的端口一致
    }
}

重启nginx

nginx -t
nginx -s reload

本地配置HOST

127.0.0.1 blog.com

浏览器访问：http://blog.com:9501/，nginx指定80端口，访问就不用加端口了.

大功告成！

docker镜像获取

docker pull 1720lin/nginx_uwsgi