Day 3

福特老板的驭人之道

The managment way of Ford boss

额外的努力能否转化为高额的工资取决于员工手中的工作选择以及他们的议价能力—— 尤其是当工资和努力不成正比时，他们能否会辞职。

Whether additional effort translates into higher wages depends on the other options available to workers and on their bargaining power, in particular, whether they feel able to leave if the pay is not worth the trouble.

事实上，在过去，高企的营业额会促使一些工厂老板将因严格的管理而挣得的收益与员工分享。宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院管理学教授丹尼尔·拉夫和哈佛大学的拉里·萨默斯认为，亨利·福特1914年发明的“5美元日工资”是一种“效率工资”。

Indeed, in the past year, high tunrover helped motivate some factory owners to share the gains from workplace discipline with workers. The “$5 / day” introduced by Henry Ford in 1914 was an “efficiency wage”, according to Daniel Raff, of the unniversiry of Pensylvania, and Larry Summers of Harvard university.

福特汽车生产线上的工人在上班时间要一直重复地做让人无聊到头脑麻木的工作，很多人都无法坚持下来。福特的解决办法是支付的工资高于其他企业。

Workers on Ford’s assembly line spent entire shifts doing mind-numbingly repetitve work, and many could not stick it for long. Ford’s solution was to pay a wage well above what they could earn elsewhere.