用xpath爬取小说href

import requests

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bf

from lxml import etree

url ='https://www.soxscc.com/MangHuangJi/'

headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.111 Safari/537.36'}

resp = requests.get(url,headers=headers)

resp_xpath = etree.HTML(resp.text)

result = resp_xpath.xpath('//*[@id="novel4451"]/dl/dd/a/@href')

for i in range(0,4):

        url1 ='https://www.soxscc.com/' +result[i]

        print(url1)

输出结果是

因为设置只循环四次，从第一章节循环到第四章网址

for i in range(0,4):

        url1 ='https://www.soxscc.com/' +result[i]

        print(url1)

用xpath方便了很多，这次只需要在网页检查的页面点击复制xpath

之后

result = resp_xpath.xpath('//*[@id="novel4451"]/dl/dd/a/@href')

就得到了href列表result,添加一些代码打印出来

for i in result:

    print()

方便多了。。。

之后就更简单了，只用了3次for循环，而且不复杂

import requests

from bs4import BeautifulSoupas bf

from lxmlimport etree

url ='https://www.soxscc.com/MangHuangJi/'

headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.111 Safari/537.36'}

resp = requests.get(url,headers=headers)

resp_xpath = etree.HTML(resp.text)

result = resp_xpath.xpath('//*[@id="novel4451"]/dl/dd/a/@href')

for i in range(0,10):

    output ="\n\n{}\n\n{}\n\n\n\n\n\n"

    url1 ='https://www.soxscc.com/' +result[i]

    resp1 = requests.get(url1,headers=headers)

    soup = bf(resp1.text,'lxml')

    title = soup.find('h1').string

    contents = soup.findAll('div',class_='content')

    for i in contents:

        content = i.get_text()

        output1 = output.format(title,content)

    for i in output1:

        with open('souxiaoshuo.txt','a',encoding='utf-8')as f:

            f.write(i)

这次可以指定下载多少章节，10次循环下载10章节

下次爬取网抑云音乐评论。。。

假如获得了网页的字符串格式，也就是上面的resp.text,用etree可以把它变成xpath的格式，也就是说可以用.xpath()这个函数，括号里面写要爬取的东西的xpath,直接在网页源代码里复制就行了。有时候复制了也爬取不了。

/@href就是取出标签a里的那一段地址

如果是/text()的话，会出现文字信息。

.format()的作用就是把括号里的东西填入{}中去

比如

得到