英语语法回顾4——定语和定语从句
1，什么是定语？
定语就是修饰名词的成分，只要听到。。。的+名词，。。。的就是修饰这个名词的成分
2，定语的成分：
形容词修饰名词：The innocent nightingale died
The nightingale innocent and brave died 定语比较长放在名词后面
名词修饰名词：The singing of the nightingale can make the rose bloom
介词短语修饰名词：The nightingale out of window heard the sighs of the youngster
非谓语动词修饰名词：The singing nightingale lost his life
从句修饰名词：
3，定语的位置：
当一个单词修饰名词通常放在名词前，当多个单词修饰名词时通常放在名词后面
例：这是一个关于夜莺和 玫瑰的故事
This is a fiction about a nightingale and a rose
例：那个懂爱的年轻人离开了王子的舞会
The youngster grasping romance left the party of prince
例：被拒绝的那个男生看起来很可怜
The boy rejecteded looks pitiful (当过去分词修饰名词时，即使只有一个单词修饰名词也通常放在名词后）
例：I have something important to tell you（当形容词修饰不定代词时，即使只有一个单词也通常放在名词后）
4，定语从句
定语从句构成：名词+引导词+句子
定语从句的引导词：按先行词的种类分成五类
人：who whom whose
物：what which whose
时间：that which when
地点：that which where
原因：that which why
到底是谁决定了引导词的用法？
先行词+从句有没有却成分。先行词缩小范围，从句完整用why，when，where。从句不完整用that，which
定语从句的引导词：按先行词本身的词性分成三类：
代词（在从句中一定要充当主语或宾语的成分）：who whom which that
副词（在从句中不能充当任何主干成分）：where when why
形容词（在从句中修饰离他最近的名词）：whose(先行词是人物，从句完整）
练习： 夜莺用生命换来的玫瑰花被丢了
The rose which the nightingale exchanged with his life was discarded
练习：这些圆顶的建筑物看起来很漂亮
There are buildings whose top is round looks very beautiful
练习：成功属于有梦想的人已经被无数个事实证明了
A sea of facts whose success belong to people who possess dream was proved
It has been validated by noumerous facts that glories belong to those with dreams
练习：穿自己的鞋不仅方便而且还确保了一点不用去管别人的感受
Wearing my shoes is not only bconvinentbut also ensures the point that the feeling of others can be ignored
练习：问题的关键是谁应该为道德的沦丧负责呢？
The point of the issue seems who should responsible for the decline of ethics
练习：外表看起来非常邋遢的他其实内心很高尚
He whose appreance looks indecent proves noble in his mind
练习：哪些全力以赴去实现梦想的人，即使没有成功也不会感到遗憾，这很重要
it seems important that those who spare no efforts to realise their dreams never feel pitiful although glories fail to be achieved
练习：上课不集中精力而又想通过考试的同学，往往会发现结果差强人意
Students who fail to concerntrate in class but wish to pass examinations smotthly tend to find that the consequence proves less impressive
5，定语从句特殊用法
that引导定语从句时，如果that在从句中充当宾语that可以省略
例：I enjoy the book (that) my mother bought for me
在分析长难句时，如果见到有两个名词或者是代词直接放在一起，中间没有被连词或者是标点符号隔开，通常是省略that的定语从句
区别限制和非限制定语从句：在分析长难句时非限制性定语从句就相当于插入语，完全可以不看。
先行词和引导词之间有介词的情况：人用whom 物用which
He is the man from whom we should learn
I wiil never forget the day on which I meet you
区别the same ...as和the same,,,,that引导的定语从句
He is the same man as I love as翻译成“像”
He is the same man that I love that翻译成“是”
as和which引导的非限制性定语从句
which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面整个句子，as也可以，但是which只能放在主句的后面，as则可前可后
He enjoy talking with younger ladies，which drives me mad
6，区别定语从句和同位语从句
I have a dream that sounds funny
I have a dream that I will become a rich lady
定语从句可以看成形容词修饰前面的名称， 同位语从句是解释名词的具体内容
定语从句that在从句中有充当成分，同位语的没有
定语从句的先行词可以是所有名词，同位语从句的先行词一定是抽象名词，可以被一句话解释的名词
7，定语从句的至难点：
寻找先行词：
定语从句的先行词是离他最近的那个名词
定语从句的先行词是前面并列的几个名词
定语从句的先行词是前面的一个从句
定语从句的先行词是前面的一个整个句子
定语从句的先行词和引导词被隔开了
8，定语从句的考点分析：
写作
只要在作文中见到名词，都可以给他加一个定语的成分把句子拉长
例：reading books which keeps benefical to our physical and mantal health can add knowledge of all children and adults
尽量把陈述句写成被动句。
长难句分析：
目的：能够找到一句话当中的定语成分，并且把它们通顺的翻译出来
如何找到定语？
名词后面可能有：定语，插入语，状语，谓语
找定语的关键是找名词，只要名词后面有一堆东西并且不是谓语动词就暂定为定语。、
定语从名词后到哪结束呢？
在谓语动词之前结束，如果定语在主句的谓语动词之后的话就到句末结束
一个大定语之中一般有很多的小定语，每一个小定语到下一个名词结束
练习：
