Linux高级实战部署专题篇二：Docker容器管理及镜像制作

一：创建自己的镜像

1，将容器做成tar包（export–）import

将容器的文件系统打包成tar文件,也就是把正在运行的容器直接导出为tar
包

查看当前正在运行的容器：
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
4d7d6057e177   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   chen4
18d6604e45d9   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes   0.0.0.0:85->80/tcp, :::85->80/tcp   chen2

方法一：export将正在运行的chen2容器导出为一个镜像tar包
[root@docker ~]# docker export -o chen2.tar chen2
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  chen2.tar

方法二：export将正在运行的chen4容器导出为一个镜像tar包
[root@docker ~]# docker export chen4 > chen4.tar
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  chen2.tar  chen4.tar

import导出镜像tar包到本地：
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  chen2.tar  chen4.tar
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
admin2       v2        8947f3134ced   2 hours ago    663MB
chen1        latest    a2b97e3e4c7c   12 hours ago   140MB
nginx        latest    de2543b9436b   9 days ago     142MB
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  chen2.tar  chen4.tar

传送到远端并用import解包成镜像：
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  nginx-chen1.tar
[root@localhost ~]# docker import nginx-chen1.tar nginx:v1
sha256:037e18e4c0e40d9f0a825c8d940b048dea82d55824782db47783f7c3806c730f
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
nginx        v1        037e18e4c0e4   15 seconds ago   140MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name chen1 -p 90:80 nginx:v1  /bin/bash
root@29125be5a722:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  docker-entrypoint.d  docker-entrypoint.sh  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@29125be5a722:/# cd /root
root@29125be5a722:~# ls
a.txt
root@29125be5a722:~# cat a.txt
111
root@29125be5a722:~#

也可以直接解包到本地成一个新的镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker import chen2.tar  nginx-chen2:v2
sha256:3d9835011c89931b3777ac76b347beb1f9077593116ca828bd353a5670ccb3e6
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx-chen2   v2        3d9835011c89   8 seconds ago   140MB
admin2        v2        8947f3134ced   2 hours ago     663MB
chen1         latest    a2b97e3e4c7c   12 hours ago    140MB
nginx         latest    de2543b9436b   9 days ago      142MB

2，镜像改名

语法：tag 镜像名加版本  新镜像名加版本 
[root@docker ~]# docker tag nginx-chen2:v2  nginx-chen2.bak:v2
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY        TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx-chen2.bak   v2        3d9835011c89   2 minutes ago   140MB
nginx-chen2       v2        3d9835011c89   2 minutes ago   140MB
admin2            v2        8947f3134ced   2 hours ago     663MB
chen1             latest    a2b97e3e4c7c   12 hours ago    140MB
nginx             latest    de2543b9436b   9 days ago      142MB
注意：改名类似新增加了一个别名备份，镜像id不变

3，把容器做成镜像（commit–save–load）

1，创建并运行容器
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name chen5 -p 90:80 nginx:latest
4e27a198dd1b00c37471734957b26461f04399c1c718cedb6c3ca622c2b87e8a
2，登录容器内
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it chen5 /bin/bash
root@4e27a198dd1b:/# pwd
/
3，创建一个文件，增加数据
root@4e27a198dd1b:/# touch haha.txt
root@4e27a198dd1b:/# ls
bin   docker-entrypoint.d   haha.txt  lib64  opt   run   sys  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.sh  home      media  proc  sbin  tmp
dev   etc                   lib       mnt    root  srv   usr
root@4e27a198dd1b:/# exit
exit
4，将正在运行的容器做成一个镜像（注意不是镜像tar包哦）
[root@docker ~]# docker commit chen5  chen/nginx:v5
sha256:e80e4dca67ce0391c19ef68da59d7cb1c7ea96ae2ccc9ba27a0db19ecd84c8cd
[root@docker ~]# docker commit -m "my version1" -a "chenshuai" chen5 daocloud.io/linux:v5
sha256:196e88ec13407e443a5d865d1644caac5f6ed48f119cc0e1666c59c4d78a5441
    -m                        添加注释
    -a                        作者
    108a85b1ed99              容器环境id
    daocloud.io/ubuntu:v2     镜像名称：hub的名称/镜像名称：tag 
    -p，–pause=true           提交时暂停容器运行

5，查看本地镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
daocloud.io/linux   v5        196e88ec1340   52 seconds ago   142MB
chen/nginx          v5        e80e4dca67ce   2 minutes ago    142MB
nginx-chen2.bak     v2        3d9835011c89   15 minutes ago   140MB
nginx-chen2         v2        3d9835011c89   15 minutes ago   140MB
admin2              v2        8947f3134ced   2 hours ago      663MB
chen1               latest    a2b97e3e4c7c   12 hours ago     140MB
nginx               latest    de2543b9436b   9 days ago       142MB

1，将生成的镜像打包成tar包
[root@docker ~]# docker save -o  nginx.tar  chen/nginx:v5
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  chen2.tar  chen4.tar  nginx.tar
2，远程拷贝到另一台主机
[root@docker ~]# scp  nginx.tar 10.0.0.220:/root/
[email protected]'s password:
nginx.tar               100%  139MB 167.2MB/s   00:00
3，到另外一台主机中将镜像tar包解压成镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker load < nginx.tar
d7573b9f64b6: Loading layer  12.29kB/12.29kB
Loaded image: chen/nginx:v5
4，在远程拷贝的主机上创建并运行一个nginx容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd --name haha -p 90:80 chen/nginx:v5
75c4d5358d55f27b47da6358ec070dbd82b835a5b396c19be279f48cc9d9e890
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                             COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                           NAMES
75c4d5358d55   chen/nginx:v5                     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp               haha

二：利用Dockerfile文件构建nginx镜像

1，准备基本的创建工作

创建nginx目录
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir  /root/nginx
切换目录
[root@localhost nginx]#cd  /root/nginx
创建Dockerfile文件
[root@localhost nginx]#touch Dockerfile
去nginx官网复制tar包链接
[root@localhost nginx]#wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz
解压的目的为了后面写Dockerfil文件的需要用到
[root@localhost nginx]#tar xfz nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz  
[root@localhost nginx]#ls
Dockerfile  nginx-1.22.0  nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz
指定daocloud路径就是国内下载，速度比较快
[root@localhost nginx]#docker pull daocloud.io/library/centos:centos7
不指定路径默认是国外下载最新版本，速度可能比较慢
[root@localhost nginx]#docker pull centos
[root@localhost nginx]#docker images  查看已经下载的nginx镜像
daocloud.io/library/centos     centos7   7e6257c9f8d8   21 months ago   203MB

2，Dockerfile文件内容的写入（重点）

[root@localhost nginx]# vim Dockerfile
FROM daocloud.io/library/centos:7     告诉docker我们的镜像什么,这个镜像是
MAINTAINER "xingdian"  chen13665026727@163.com  是描述镜像的创建人,固定格式
RUN rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*        删除国外的仓库
RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/CentOS-7-reg.repo  更换国内仓库
RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo  下载epel仓库
RUN yum clean all && yum makecache           
RUN yum -y install gcc openssl openssl-devel  pcre-devel zlib-devel make
ADD nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz  /usr/local/                解压
WORKDIR /usr/local/nginx-1.22.0                     指定工作目录
RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx     
RUN make && make install
WORKDIR /usr/local/nginx
RUN rm -rf /usr/local/nginx-1.22.0 
ENV NGINX_HOME=/usr/local/nginx                      
ENV PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
EXPOSE 80                                        暴露端口
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]                运行

在当前目录下构建(构建注意要自定义命名和加版本号)
[root@localhost nginx]#docker  build -t  xingdian/nginx:v1  .

三，构建Jenkins

需要上传jdk+tomcat+maven+jenkins.war包，自己找官网下载

[root@localhost ~]#mkdir jenkins && cd jenkins
[root@localhost jenkins]# ls
apache-maven-3.8.1             apache-tomcat-8.5.69         Dockerfile    jdk-8u211-linux-x64.tar.gz
apache-maven-3.8.1-bin.tar.gz  apache-tomcat-8.5.69.tar.gz  jdk1.8.0_211  jenkins.war

[root@localhost jenkins]#vim Dockerfile
FROM daocloud.io/library/centos:7
ADD jdk-8u211-linux-x64.tar.gz    /usr/local/
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.69.tar.gz   /usr/local/
ADD apache-maven-3.8.1-bin.tar.gz /usr/local/
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_211
ENV TOMCAT_HOME  /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.69
ENV MAVEN_HOME   /usr/local/apache-maven-3.8.1
ENV PATH $JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_TOMCAT_HOME/bin:$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$PATHRUN
RUN rm -rf /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.69/webapps/*
ADD jenkins.war  /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.69/webapps/
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.69/bin/catalina.sh","run"]

[root@localhost jenkins]#docker build -t jenkins:v1  .   构建注意命名和版本好
[root@localhost jenkins]#docker run -itd --name jenkins -p 8080:8080 jenkins:v1
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                       NAMES
9381f67be636   6206ce7a99ee   "/usr/local/apache-t…"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp   jenkins

访问：http://10.0.0.10:8080/jenkins