考虑查询过程中是否存在以下情况:
存在上述情况时,可能会用到子查询,不论是否涉及到子查询的问题,我们都可以把复杂查询问题简单化,拆解为简单问题,一一解决。
MySQL嵌套子查询,可以在 with、from、in、join 中使用。
什么是子查询?
子查询可以放在select语句的where条件中、having条件中、from子句中。子查询分为哪几类?
单行子查询:where 条件中使用 <>、<、>、<=、>=、=;having子句中使用 <>、<、>、<=、>=、=(其中子查询得到的是一个值);在from子句中也可以使用子查询
注意: 单行子查询不能包含order by 子句多行子查询:可以向外部的SQL语句返回一行或者多行记录。外部查询可以使用in、any、all。在子查询中使用any操作符之前,必须使用一个=、<>、<、>、<=、>=;在子查询中使用all操作符之前,必须使用一个=、<>、<、>、<=、>=>
什么是嵌套子查询?
子查询里面还有一个子查询
下面用3个具体的案例(由简到难)来说明子查询和嵌套子查询的求解过程:
案例来自:SQL131 作答试卷得分大于过80的人的用户等级分布
描述
现有用户信息表user_info(uid用户ID,nick_name昵称, achievement成就值, level等级, job职业方向, register_time注册时间):
id | uid | nick_name | achievement | level | job | register_time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1001 | 牛客1号 | 3100 | 7 | 算法 | 2020-01-01 10:00:00 |
2 | 1002 | 牛客2号 | 2100 | 6 | 算法 | 2020-01-01 10:00:00 |
3 | 1003 | 牛客3号 | 1500 | 5 | 算法 | 2020-01-01 10:00:00 |
4 | 1004 | 牛客4号 | 1100 | 4 | 算法 | 2020-01-01 10:00:00 |
5 | 1005 | 牛客5号 | 1600 | 6 | C++ | 2020-01-01 10:00:00 |
6 | 1006 | 牛客6号 | 3000 | 6 | C++ | 2020-01-01 10:00:00 |
试卷信息表examination_info(exam_id试卷ID, tag试卷类别, difficulty试卷难度, duration考试时长, release_time发布时间):
id | exam_id | tag | difficulty | duration | release_time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 9001 | SQL | hard | 60 | 2021-09-01 06:00:00 |
2 | 9002 | C++ | easy | 60 | 2021-09-01 06:00:00 |
3 | 9003 | 算法 | medium | 80 | 2021-09-01 10:00:00 |
试卷作答信息表exam_record(uid用户ID, exam_id试卷ID, start_time开始作答时间, submit_time交卷时间, score得分):
id | uid | exam_id | start_time | submit_time | score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1001 | 9001 | 2021-09-01 09:01:01 | 2021-09-01 09:41:01 | 79 |
2 | 1002 | 9003 | 2021-09-01 12:01:01 | 2021-09-01 12:21:01 | 60 |
3 | 1002 | 9002 | 2021-09-01 12:01:01 | 2021-09-01 12:31:01 | 70 |
4 | 1002 | 9001 | 2021-09-01 19:01:01 | 2021-09-01 19:40:01 | 80 |
5 | 1002 | 9003 | 2021-08-01 12:01:01 | 2021-08-01 12:21:01 | 60 |
6 | 1002 | 9002 | 2021-09-01 12:01:01 | 2021-09-01 12:31:01 | 70 |
7 | 1002 | 9001 | 2021-09-01 19:01:01 | 2021-09-01 19:40:01 | 85 |
8 | 1002 | 9002 | 2021-09-01 12:01:01 | (NULL) | (NULL) |
9 | 1003 | 9003 | 2021-09-07 10:01:01 | 2021-09-07 10:31:01 | 86 |
10 | 1003 | 9003 | 2021-09-08 12:01:01 | 2021-09-08 12:11:01 | 40 |
11 | 1003 | 9001 | 2021-09-01 13:01:01 | 2021-09-01 13:41:01 | 81 |
12 | 1003 | 9002 | 2021-09-01 14:01:01 | (NULL) | (NULL) |
13 | 1003 | 9003 | 2021-09-08 15:01:01 | (NULL) | (NULL) |
14 | 1005 | 9001 | 2021-09-01 12:01:01 | 2021-09-01 12:31:01 | 90 |
15 | 1005 | 9002 | 2021-09-01 12:01:01 | 2021-09-01 12:31:01 | 88 |
16 | 1006 | 9002 | 2021-09-01 12:11:01 | 2021-09-01 12:31:01 | 89 |
统计作答SQL类别的试卷得分大于过80的人的用户等级分布,按数量降序排序(保证数量都不同)。示例数据结果输出如下:
level | level_cnt |
---|---|
6 | 2 |
5 | 1 |
解释:9001为SQL类试卷,作答该试卷大于80分的人有1002、1003、1005共3人,6级两人,5级一人。
【分类】:嵌套子查询、多表连接
难点:
1.计算不同试卷类型的用户人数要记得去重
2.如何实现 in 嵌套子查询
(1)统计作答SQL类别的试卷
[条件]:where tag = ‘SQL’ score > 80
(2)统计作答SQL类别的试卷得分大于过80的人
[条件]:where score > 80 and exam_id in 。。。
(3)统计作答SQL类别的试卷得分大于过80的人的用户等级分布,按数量降序排序
[使用]:group by level;order by level_cnt desc
最终结果
select 查询结果 [等级;等级分布]
from 从哪张表中查询数据[多个join连接的表]
where 查询条件 [SQL类别试卷;得分大于过80的人]
group by 分组条件 [等级]
order by 对查询结果排序 [等级分布数量降序、等级降序];
方法一:
嵌套子查询+in 子查询
select
level,
count(level) as level_cnt
from user_info
where uid in(
#统计作答SQL类别的试卷得分大于过80的人
select
uid
from exam_record
where score > 80
and exam_id in(
#统计作答SQL类别的试卷
select
exam_id
from examination_info
where tag = 'SQL'
)
)
group by level
order by level_cnt desc;
方法二:
多表连接
select
level,
count(distinct uid) as level_cnt
from user_info
join exam_record using(uid)
join examination_info using(exam_id)
where tag = 'SQL'
and score > 80
group by level
order by level_cnt desc,level desc
131附录:创建示例表的代码:
drop table if exists examination_info;
CREATE TABLE examination_info (
id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
exam_id int UNIQUE NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
tag varchar(32) COMMENT '类别标签',
difficulty varchar(8) COMMENT '难度',
duration int NOT NULL COMMENT '时长',
release_time datetime COMMENT '发布时间'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
drop table if exists user_info;
CREATE TABLE user_info (
id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
uid int UNIQUE NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
`nick_name` varchar(64) COMMENT '昵称',
achievement int COMMENT '成就值',
level int COMMENT '用户等级',
job varchar(32) COMMENT '职业方向',
register_time datetime COMMENT '注册时间'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
drop table if exists exam_record;
CREATE TABLE exam_record (
id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
uid int NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
exam_id int NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
start_time datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '开始时间',
submit_time datetime COMMENT '提交时间',
score tinyint COMMENT '得分'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
INSERT INTO user_info(uid,`nick_name`,achievement,level,job,register_time) VALUES
(1001, '牛客1号', 3100, 7, '算法', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
(1002, '牛客2号', 2100, 6, '算法', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
(1003, '牛客3号', 1500, 5, '算法', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
(1004, '牛客4号', 1100, 4, '算法', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
(1005, '牛客5号', 1600, 6, 'C++', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
(1006, '牛客6号', 3000, 6, 'C++', '2020-01-01 10:00:00');
INSERT INTO examination_info(exam_id,tag,difficulty,duration,release_time) VALUES
(9001, 'SQL', 'hard', 60, '2021-09-01 06:00:00'),
(9002, 'C++', 'easy', 60, '2021-09-01 06:00:00'),
(9003, '算法', 'medium', 80, '2021-09-01 10:00:00');
INSERT INTO exam_record(uid,exam_id,start_time,submit_time,score) VALUES
(1001, 9001, '2021-09-01 09:01:01', '2021-09-01 09:41:01', 79),
(1002, 9003, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:21:01', 60),
(1002, 9002, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:01', 70),
(1002, 9001, '2021-09-01 19:01:01', '2021-09-01 19:40:01', 80),
(1002, 9003, '2021-08-01 12:01:01', '2021-08-01 12:21:01', 60),
(1002, 9002, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:01', 70),
(1002, 9001, '2021-09-01 19:01:01', '2021-09-01 19:40:01', 85),
(1002, 9002, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', null, null),
(1003, 9003, '2021-09-07 10:01:01', '2021-09-07 10:31:01', 86),
(1003, 9003, '2021-09-08 12:01:01', '2021-09-08 12:11:01', 40),
(1003, 9001, '2021-09-01 13:01:01', '2021-09-01 13:41:01', 81),
(1003, 9002, '2021-09-01 14:01:01', null, null),
(1003, 9003, '2021-09-08 15:01:01', null, null),
(1005, 9001, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:01', 90),
(1005, 9002, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:01', 88),
(1006, 9002, '2021-09-01 12:11:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:01', 89);
案例来自:SQL130 试卷发布当天作答人数和平均分
描述
现有用户信息表user_info(uid用户ID,nick_name昵称, achievement成就值, level等级, job职业方向, register_time注册时间),示例数据如下:
id | uid | nick_name | achievement | level | job | register_time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1001 | 牛客1号 | 3100 | 7 | 算法 | 2020-01-01 10:00:00 |
2 | 1002 | 牛客2号 | 2100 | 6 | 算法 | 2020-01-01 10:00:00 |
3 | 1003 | 牛客3号 | 1500 | 5 | 算法 | 2020-01-01 10:00:00 |
4 | 1004 | 牛客4号 | 1100 | 4 | 算法 | 2020-01-01 10:00:00 |
5 | 1005 | 牛客5号 | 1600 | 6 | C++ | 2020-01-01 10:00:00 |
6 | 1006 | 牛客6号 | 3000 | 6 | C++ | 2020-01-01 10:00:00 |
释义:用户1001昵称为牛客1号,成就值为3100,用户等级是7级,职业方向为算法,注册时间2020-01-01 10:00:00
试卷信息表examination_info(exam_id试卷ID, tag试卷类别, difficulty试卷难度, duration考试时长, release_time发布时间) 示例数据如下:
id | exam_id | tag | difficulty | duration | release_time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 9001 | SQL | hard | 60 | 2021-09-01 06:00:00 |
2 | 9002 | C++ | easy | 60 | 2020-02-01 10:00:00 |
3 | 9003 | 算法 | medium | 80 | 2020-08-02 10:00:00 |
试卷作答记录表exam_record(uid用户ID, exam_id试卷ID, start_time开始作答时间, submit_time交卷时间, score得分) 示例数据如下:
id | uid | exam_id | start_time | submit_time | score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1001 | 9001 | 2021-07-02 09:01:01 | 2021-09-01 09:41:01 | 70 |
2 | 1002 | 9003 | 2021-09-01 12:01:01 | 2021-09-01 12:21:01 | 60 |
3 | 1002 | 9002 | 2021-09-02 12:01:01 | 2021-09-02 12:31:01 | 70 |
4 | 1002 | 9001 | 2021-09-01 19:01:01 | 2021-09-01 19:40:01 | 80 |
5 | 1002 | 9003 | 2021-08-01 12:01:01 | 2021-08-01 12:21:01 | 60 |
6 | 1002 | 9002 | 2021-08-02 12:01:01 | 2021-08-02 12:31:01 | 70 |
7 | 1002 | 9001 | 2021-09-01 19:01:01 | 2021-09-01 19:40:01 | 85 |
8 | 1002 | 9002 | 2021-07-06 12:01:01 | (NULL) | (NULL) |
9 | 1003 | 9002 | 2021-09-07 10:01:01 | 2021-09-07 10:31:01 | 86 |
10 | 1003 | 9003 | 2021-09-08 12:01:01 | 2021-09-08 12:11:01 | 40 |
11 | 1003 | 9003 | 2021-09-01 13:01:01 | 2021-09-01 13:41:01 | 70 |
12 | 1003 | 9001 | 2021-09-08 14:01:01 | (NULL) | (NULL) |
13 | 1003 | 9002 | 2021-09-08 15:01:01 | (NULL) | (NULL) |
14 | 1005 | 9001 | 2021-09-01 12:01:01 | 2021-09-01 12:31:01 | 90 |
15 | 1005 | 9002 | 2021-09-01 12:01:01 | 2021-09-01 12:31:01 | 88 |
16 | 1005 | 9002 | 2021-09-02 12:11:01 | 2021-09-02 12:31:01 | 89 |
请计算每张SQL类别试卷发布后,当天5级以上的用户作答的人数uv和平均分avg_score,按人数降序,相同人数的按平均分升序,示例数据结果输出如下:
exam_id | uv | avg_score |
---|---|---|
9001 | 3 | 81.3 |
解释:只有一张SQL类别的试卷,试卷ID为9001,发布当天(2021-09-01)有1001、1002、1003、1005作答过,但是1003是5级用户,其他3位为5级以上,他们三的得分有[70,80,85,90],平均分为81.3(保留1位小数)。
【分类】:嵌套子查询、多表连接
难点:
1.实现with子句、from子查询和in子查询时,先查询试卷类型还是用户?
(1)统计SQL类别试卷发布后,当天有作答记录的试卷
(2)统计SQL类别试卷发布后,当天有作答记录的试卷对应的5级以上的用户
(3)统计每张SQL类别试卷发布后,当天5级以上的用户作答的人数uv和平均分avg_score,按人数降序,相同人数的按平均分升序
最终结果
select 查询结果 [试卷ID;作答人数;平均成绩]
from 从哪张表中查询数据[多个join连接的表]
where 查询条件 [SQL类别试卷;发布当天的5级用户]
group by 分组条件 [试卷ID]
order by 对查询结果排序 [按人数降序、相同人数的按平均分升序];
方法一:
嵌套子查询 + in 子查询
select
exam_id,
count(distinct uid) as uv,
round(avg(score),1) as avg_score
from exam_record
where uid in(
#统计SQL类别试卷发布后,当天有作答记录的试卷对应的5级以上的用户
select
uid
from user_info
where level > 5
and exam_id in(
#统计SQL类别试卷发布后,当天有作答记录的试卷
select
exam_id
from examination_info
join exam_record using(exam_id)
where date_format(release_time,'%Y%m%d') = date_format(submit_time,'%Y%m%d') and tag = 'SQL'
)
)
group by exam_id
order by uv desc,avg_score;
方法二:
with
main as(
#统计SQL类别试卷发布后,当天有作答记录的试卷
select
uid,
exam_id,
score
from examination_info
join exam_record using(exam_id)
where date_format(release_time,'%Y%m%d') = date_format(submit_time,'%Y%m%d')
and tag = 'SQL'
),
main1 as(
#统计SQL类别试卷发布后,当天有作答记录的试卷对应的5级以上的用户
select
score,
uid,
exam_id
from main join user_info using(uid)
where level>5
)
#统计每张SQL类别试卷发布后,当天5级以上的用户作答的人数uv和平均分avg_score,按人数降序,相同人数的按平均分升序
select
exam_id,
count(distinct uid) as uv,
round(avg(score),1) as avg_score
from main1
group by exam_id
order by uv desc,avg_score;
with
main as(
#统计SQL类别试卷发布后,当天有作答记录的试卷对应的5级以上的用户
select
uid,
exam_id,
score
from examination_info
join exam_record using(exam_id)
join user_info using(uid)
where date_format(release_time,'%Y%m%d') = date_format(submit_time,'%Y%m%d')
and tag = 'SQL'
and level > 5
)
#统计每张SQL类别试卷发布后,当天5级以上的用户作答的人数uv和平均分avg_score,按人数降序,相同人数的按平均分升序
select
exam_id,
count(distinct uid) as uv,
round(avg(score),1) as avg_score
from main
group by exam_id
order by uv desc,avg_score;
方法三:
多表连接
select
exam_id,
count(distinct uid) as uv,
round(avg(score),1) as avg_score
from exam_record
join user_info using(uid)
join examination_info using(exam_id)
where tag = 'SQL'
and date_format(release_time, '%Y%m%d') = date_format(start_time, '%Y%m%d')
and level > 5
group by exam_id
order by uv desc,avg_score
130附录:创建示例表的代码:
drop table if exists examination_info,user_info,exam_record;
CREATE TABLE examination_info (
id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
exam_id int UNIQUE NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
tag varchar(32) COMMENT '类别标签',
difficulty varchar(8) COMMENT '难度',
duration int NOT NULL COMMENT '时长',
release_time datetime COMMENT '发布时间'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE TABLE user_info (
id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
uid int UNIQUE NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
`nick_name` varchar(64) COMMENT '昵称',
achievement int COMMENT '成就值',
level int COMMENT '用户等级',
job varchar(32) COMMENT '职业方向',
register_time datetime COMMENT '注册时间'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE TABLE exam_record (
id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
uid int NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
exam_id int NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
start_time datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '开始时间',
submit_time datetime COMMENT '提交时间',
score tinyint COMMENT '得分'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
INSERT INTO user_info(uid,`nick_name`,achievement,level,job,register_time) VALUES
(1001, '牛客1号', 3100, 7, '算法', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
(1002, '牛客2号', 2100, 6, '算法', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
(1003, '牛客3号', 1500, 5, '算法', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
(1004, '牛客4号', 1100, 4, '算法', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
(1005, '牛客5号', 1600, 6, 'C++', '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
(1006, '牛客6号', 3000, 6, 'C++', '2020-01-01 10:00:00');
INSERT INTO examination_info(exam_id,tag,difficulty,duration,release_time) VALUES
(9001, 'SQL', 'hard', 60, '2021-09-01 06:00:00'),
(9002, 'C++', 'easy', 60, '2020-02-01 10:00:00'),
(9003, '算法', 'medium', 80, '2020-08-02 10:00:00');
INSERT INTO exam_record(uid,exam_id,start_time,submit_time,score) VALUES
(1001, 9001, '2021-09-01 09:01:01', '2021-09-01 09:41:01', 70),
(1002, 9003, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:21:01', 60),
(1002, 9002, '2021-09-02 12:01:01', '2021-09-02 12:31:01', 70),
(1002, 9001, '2021-09-01 19:01:01', '2021-09-01 19:40:01', 80),
(1002, 9003, '2021-08-01 12:01:01', '2021-08-01 12:21:01', 60),
(1002, 9002, '2021-08-02 12:01:01', '2021-08-02 12:31:01', 70),
(1002, 9001, '2021-09-01 19:01:01', '2021-09-01 19:40:01', 85),
(1002, 9002, '2021-07-06 12:01:01', null, null),
(1003, 9003, '2021-09-07 10:01:01', '2021-09-07 10:31:01', 86),
(1003, 9003, '2021-09-08 12:01:01', '2021-09-08 12:11:01', 40),
(1003, 9001, '2021-09-01 13:01:01', '2021-09-01 13:41:01', 70),
(1003, 9002, '2021-09-08 14:01:01', null, null),
(1003, 9003, '2021-09-08 15:01:01', null, null),
(1005, 9001, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:01', 90),
(1005, 9002, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:01', 88),
(1005, 9002, '2021-09-02 12:11:01', '2021-09-02 12:31:01', 89);
案例来自:SQL 129月均完成试卷数不小于3的用户爱作答的类别
描述
现有试卷作答记录表exam_record(uid:用户ID, exam_id:试卷ID, start_time:开始作答时间, submit_time:交卷时间,没提交的话为NULL, score:得分),示例数据如下:
id | uid | exam_id | start_time | submit_time | score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1001 | 9001 | 2021-07-02 09:01:01 | (NULL) | (NULL) |
2 | 1002 | 9003 | 2021-09-01 12:01:01 | 2021-09-01 12:21:01 | 60 |
3 | 1002 | 9002 | 2021-09-02 12:01:01 | 2021-09-02 12:31:01 | 70 |
4 | 1002 | 9001 | 2021-09-05 19:01:01 | 2021-09-05 19:40:01 | 81 |
5 | 1002 | 9002 | 2021-07-06 12:01:01 | (NULL) | (NULL) |
6 | 1003 | 9003 | 2021-09-07 10:01:01 | 2021-09-07 10:31:01 | 86 |
7 | 1003 | 9003 | 2021-09-08 12:01:01 | 2021-09-08 12:11:01 | 40 |
8 | 1003 | 9001 | 2021-09-08 13:01:01 | (NULL) | (NULL) |
9 | 1003 | 9002 | 2021-09-08 14:01:01 | (NULL) | (NULL) |
10 | 1003 | 9003 | 2021-09-08 15:01:01 | (NULL) | (NULL) |
11 | 1005 | 9001 | 2021-09-01 12:01:01 | 2021-09-01 12:31:01 | 88 |
12 | 1005 | 9002 | 2021-09-01 12:01:01 | 2021-09-01 12:31:01 | 88 |
13 | 1005 | 9002 | 2021-09-02 12:11:01 | 2021-09-02 12:31:01 | 89 |
试卷信息表examination_info(exam_id:试卷ID, tag:试卷类别, difficulty:试卷难度, duration:考试时长, release_time:发布时间),示例数据如下:
id | exam_id | tag | difficulty | duration | release_time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 9001 | SQL | hard | 60 | 2020-01-01 10:00:00 |
2 | 9002 | C++ | easy | 60 | 2020-02-01 10:00:00 |
3 | 9003 | 算法 | medium | 80 | 2020-08-02 10:00:00 |
请从表中统计出 “当月均完成试卷数”不小于3的用户们爱作答的类别及作答次数,按次数降序输出,示例输出如下:
tag | tag_cnt |
---|---|
C++ | 4 |
SQL | 2 |
算法 | 1 |
解释:用户1002和1005在2021年09月的完成试卷数目均为3,其他用户均小于3;然后用户1002和1005作答过的试卷tag分布结果按作答次数降序排序依次为C++、SQL、算法。
【分类】:子查询、多表连接
难点:
1.统计出“当月均完成试卷数”不小于3的用户们,with子查询和from子查询一定要去重,in子查询不用去重
2.多表做连接
(1)统计出“当月均完成试卷数”不小于3的用户们
[条件]:where submit_time is not null
[使用]:distinct。一定要去重,要不然做连接之后作答次数会计算错误。in不用
(2)统计用户们爱作答的类别及作答次数,按次数降序输出
[条件]:where a.answer_cnt < 3 and upper(a.tag)!= a.tag。
[使用]:多表连接使用 join using( )
最终结果
select 查询结果 [爱作答的类别;作答次数]
from 从哪张表中查询数据[多个join连接的表]
group by 分组条件 [类别]
order by 对查询结果排序 [按次数降序];
方法一:
with 子句
with
main as(
#统计出“当月均完成试卷数”不小于3的用户们
select distinct
uid
from exam_record
join examination_info using(exam_id)
where submit_time is not null
group by uid,month(start_time) having count(score)>=3
)
#统计用户们爱作答的类别及作答次数,按次数降序输出
select
tag,
count(start_time) as tag_cnt
from main
join exam_record using(uid)
join examination_info using(exam_id)
group by tag
order by tag_cnt desc
方法二
from 子查询
select
tag,
count(start_time) as tag_cnt
from (
#统计出“当月均完成试卷数”不小于3的用户们
select distinct
uid
from exam_record
where submit_time is not null
group by uid,month(start_time) having count(score)>=3
) main
join exam_record using(uid)
join examination_info using(exam_id)
group by tag
order by tag_cnt desc
方法三
join 子查询
select
tag,
count(start_time) as tag_cnt
from exam_record
join examination_info using(exam_id)
join(
#统计出“当月均完成试卷数”不小于3的用户们
select distinct
uid
from exam_record
where submit_time is not null
group by uid,month(start_time) having count(score)>=3
)main using(uid)
group by tag
order by tag_cnt desc
方法四
in 子查询
select
tag,
count(start_time) as tag_cnt
from exam_record
join examination_info using(exam_id)
where uid in(
#统计出“当月均完成试卷数”不小于3的用户们
select
uid
from exam_record
join examination_info using(exam_id)
where submit_time is not null
group by uid,month(start_time) having count(score)>=3
)
group by tag
order by tag_cnt desc
附录:创建示例表的代码:
drop table if exists examination_info,exam_record;
CREATE TABLE examination_info (
id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
exam_id int UNIQUE NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
tag varchar(32) COMMENT '类别标签',
difficulty varchar(8) COMMENT '难度',
duration int NOT NULL COMMENT '时长',
release_time datetime COMMENT '发布时间'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE TABLE exam_record (
id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
uid int NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
exam_id int NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
start_time datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '开始时间',
submit_time datetime COMMENT '提交时间',
score tinyint COMMENT '得分'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
INSERT INTO examination_info(exam_id,tag,difficulty,duration,release_time) VALUES
(9001, 'SQL', 'hard', 60, '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
(9002, 'C++', 'easy', 60, '2020-02-01 10:00:00'),
(9003, '算法', 'medium', 80, '2020-08-02 10:00:00');
INSERT INTO exam_record(uid,exam_id,start_time,submit_time,score) VALUES
(1001, 9001, '2021-07-02 09:01:01', null, null),
(1002, 9003, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:21:01', 60),
(1002, 9002, '2021-09-02 12:01:01', '2021-09-02 12:31:01', 70),
(1002, 9001, '2021-09-05 19:01:01', '2021-09-05 19:40:01', 81),
(1002, 9002, '2021-07-06 12:01:01', null, null),
(1003, 9003, '2021-09-07 10:01:01', '2021-09-07 10:31:01', 86),
(1003, 9003, '2021-09-08 12:01:01', '2021-09-08 12:11:01', 40),
(1003, 9001, '2021-09-08 13:01:01', null, null),
(1003, 9002, '2021-09-08 14:01:01', null, null),
(1003, 9003, '2021-09-08 15:01:01', null, null),
(1005, 9001, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:01', 88),
(1005, 9002, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:01', 88),
(1005, 9002, '2021-09-02 12:11:01', '2021-09-02 12:31:01', 89);
只要理清求解思路写出任一种查询方法,都可以迁移到另外的方法中。
适用于所有复杂查询问题的求解方法:拆分成最小问题,逐个解决,再合并。所以一定要掌握with子句、join、from、in这几个最常用的方法。