蓝桥杯嵌入式第十届初赛题目解析

 最近写完了嵌入式第十届初赛的题目，拿出来和大家分享，希望帮助解决一些问题。

目录

客观题

 程序设计题

题目解析

CubeMX配置 

代码演示 

---

客观题

收集的一些历年的比赛客观题和解析，以及程序设计题的PDF，在这里分享给大家。 

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1hTw0inSbLjX57hOtankgKw 
提取码：np1p

不理解的地方可以在评论区提问嗷，或者分享的百度云里解析。

 程序设计题

题目解析

这次题目用到的模块是LCD，LED，按键和ADC，没什么好说的都是常用模块，但是还是又不一样的东西，那就是LCD显示时有‘高亮’提醒 。

‘高亮’显示也比较容易实现。

LCD_SetBackColor(Green)，这个函数是LCD库提供的设置背景颜色。只要使用了一次，那后面的背景色就默认都是选中的颜色，所以我们就在需要高亮显示的那一行前使用这个函数修改背景色，显示完后再把背景改回原来的颜色。

例如，题目中原来的背景色是白色，高亮显示是绿色。

if(0 == choice)
	LCD_SetBackColor(Green);
sprintf(text,"   Max Volt: %.1fV  ",Max);
LCD_SHOW(2,text);
LCD_SetBackColor(White);

说完了，那还是从CubeMX的配置开始吧。说明一下使用的新版开发板G431。

CubeMX配置 

时钟配置完了，需要按下回车（Enter）来保存。

 根据原理图配置GPIO引脚，其中lcd和led的引脚都设置为output，按键设置为input，PB15设置为ADC2的15通道，需要把PD2也设置为output用来作为led的锁存器。 

 在GPIO中选中按键的引脚，设置为上拉输入模式。

在GPIO中，选中led的引脚，设置为初始状态为高电平，推挽输出模式，既不上拉也不下拉。其他引脚使用默认设置就是行。

设置定时器3每10ms中断一次。 

勾选ADC2的第15通道，其他设置默认就行。

 设置项目名字和保存路径（建议不要有中文），以及IDE的版本。 

 勾选这个主要是让.c和.h文件单独分开，之后就可以生成代码了，CubeMX配置就完成了，如果之后想要添加新的模块或者修改配置好了模块的值，可以直接在文件中打开CubeMX的工程进行修改，改完后再点击GENERATE CODE就行了。

代码演示 

main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "adc.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "lcd.h"
#include "sys.h"
#include "show.h"
#include "timer.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
extern uint8_t btn;  //按键值

float Volt = 0.0f,Max = 2.4f,Min = 1.2f;
uint8_t Up = 1,Low = 2;  //Up是电压超过最大值的LED灯，Low是电压低于最小值的LED灯，不能相等
char Status[3][7] = {"Upper","Lower","Normal"};
uint8_t arrow = 0;   //指向当前状态，0是Upper，1是Lower，2是Normal
bool jm = 0;     //界面：0是数据显示界面，1是参数配置界面
uint8_t choice = 0;  //高亮显示，选择参数项
/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_ADC2_Init();
  MX_TIM3_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
  LCD_Init();
  LCD_Clear(White);
  LCD_SetBackColor(White);
  LCD_SetTextColor(Blue);
  
  HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim3);
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
	  Volt = GetADC(&hadc2);
	  switch(btn)
	  {
		  case 1:
		  {
			  jm ^= 1;
			  LCD_Clear(White);
			  btn = 0;
		  }
		  break;
		  
		  case 2:
		  {
			  if(1 == jm)
			  {
				  choice ++;
				  if(4 == choice)
					  choice = 0;
			  }
			  btn = 0;
		  }
		  break;
		  
		  case 3:
		  {
			  if(1 == jm)				  
				  ADD(choice);
			  if(Up == Low)  //如果Up的LED灯和Low的LED灯相等，被选择参数项就加一
				  ADD(choice);
			  btn = 0;
		  }
		  break;
		  
		  case 4:
		  {
			  if(1 == jm)
				  SUB(choice);	  
			  if(Up == Low)  //如果Up的LED灯和Low的LED灯相等，被选择参数项就减一
				  SUB(choice);
			  btn = 0;
		  }
		  break;
	  }
	  Infer();
	  LED_SHOW();
	  
	  if(0 == jm)
		  Data();
	  else
		  Setting();
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
  */
  HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV3;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 20;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

 main.h

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.h
  * @brief          : Header for main.c file.
  *                   This file contains the common defines of the application.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __MAIN_H
#define __MAIN_H

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "stm32g4xx_hal.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include 
#include 
#include 
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Exported types ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN ET */

/* USER CODE END ET */

/* Exported constants --------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN EC */

/* USER CODE END EC */

/* Exported macro ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN EM */

/* USER CODE END EM */

/* Exported functions prototypes ---------------------------------------------*/
void Error_Handler(void);

/* USER CODE BEGIN EFP */

/* USER CODE END EFP */

/* Private defines -----------------------------------------------------------*/
#define key_Pin GPIO_PIN_0
#define key_GPIO_Port GPIOA
#define keyB0_Pin GPIO_PIN_0
#define keyB0_GPIO_Port GPIOB
#define keyB1_Pin GPIO_PIN_1
#define keyB1_GPIO_Port GPIOB
#define keyB2_Pin GPIO_PIN_2
#define keyB2_GPIO_Port GPIOB
/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines */

/* USER CODE END Private defines */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* __MAIN_H */

main.h中添加了几个头文件和define。 

sys.c

#include "sys.h"

Btn key[4] = {0};
uint8_t btn = 0;

extern float Max,Min;
extern uint8_t Up,Low,arrow;
extern bool Up_flag,Low_flag;  //Up的LED灯标志，Low的LED灯标志

void LED_SET(uint16_t Pin, GPIO_PinState PinState)
{
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_All,GPIO_PIN_SET);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,Pin,PinState);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_SET);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD,GPIO_PIN_2,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}

void LED_SHOW(void)
{
	if(1 == Up_flag)
		LED_SET(GPIO_PIN_8<<(Up-1),GPIO_PIN_RESET);
	else if(1 == Low_flag)
		LED_SET(GPIO_PIN_8<<(Low-1),GPIO_PIN_RESET);
	else
		LED_SET(GPIO_PIN_All,GPIO_PIN_SET);
}

void KEY_Scan(void)
{
	uint8_t i = 0;
	
	key[0].press = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_0);
	key[1].press = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1);
	key[2].press = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_2);
	key[3].press = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_0);
	
	for(i=0;i<4;i++)
	{
		switch(key[i].state)
		{
			case 0:
				if(0 == key[i].press)
					key[i].state = 1;
			break;
			
			case 1:
			{
				if(0 == key[i].press)
				{
					key[i].state = 2;
					btn = i+1;
				}
				else
				{
					key[i].state = 0;
				}
			}
			break;
			
			case 2:
				if(1 == key[i].press)
					key[i].state = 0;
			break;
		}
	}
}

void ADD(uint8_t choice)
{
	switch(choice)
	{
		case 0:
		{
			Max += 0.3f;
			if(Max>3.3f)
				Max = 0.0f;
		}
		break;
		
		case 1:
		{
			Min += 0.3f;
			if(Min>3.3f)
				Min = 0.0f;
		}
		break;
		
		case 2:
		{
			Up++;
			if(9 == Up)
				Up = 1;
		}
		break;
		
		case 3:
		{
			Low++;
			if(9 == Low)
				Low = 1;
		}
		break;
	}
}

void SUB(uint8_t choice)
{
	switch(choice)
	{
		case 0:
		{
			Max -= 0.3f;
			if(Max<0.0f)
				Max = 3.3f;
		}
		break;
		
		case 1:
		{
			Min -= 0.3f;
			if(Min<0.0f)
				Min = 3.3f;
		}
		break;
		
		case 2:
		{
			Up--;
			if(0 == Up)
				Up = 8;
		}
		break;
		
		case 3:
		{
			Low--;
			if(0 == Low)
				Low = 8;
		}
		break;
	}
}

sys.h

#ifndef __SYS_H
#define __SYS_H

#include "main.h"

typedef struct{
	bool press;
	uint8_t state;
}Btn;

void LED_SET(uint16_t Pin, GPIO_PinState PinState);
void LED_SHOW(void);
void KEY_Scan(void);
void ADD(uint8_t choice);
void SUB(uint8_t choice);

#endif

show.c

#include "show.h"
char text[21] = {0};

extern float Volt,Max,Min;
extern uint8_t Up,Low;
extern char Status[][7];
extern uint8_t arrow;
extern uint8_t choice;

void LCD_SHOW(u8 line,char *text)
{
	LCD_DisplayStringLine(line*24,(u8 *)text);
}

void Data(void)
{
	sprintf(text,"        Main        ");
	LCD_SHOW(1,text);
	
	sprintf(text,"   Volt: %.2fV      ",Volt);
	LCD_SHOW(4,text);
	
	sprintf(text,"   Status: %s     ",Status[arrow]);
	LCD_SHOW(5,text);
}

void Setting(void)
{
	sprintf(text,"       Setting      ");
	LCD_SHOW(1,text);
	
	if(0 == choice)
		LCD_SetBackColor(Green);
	else 
		LCD_SetBackColor(White);
	sprintf(text,"   Max Volt: %.1fV  ",Max);
	LCD_SHOW(2,text);
	
	if(1 == choice)
		LCD_SetBackColor(Green);
	else 
		LCD_SetBackColor(White);
	sprintf(text,"   Min Volt: %.1fV  ",Min);
	LCD_SHOW(3,text);
	
	if(2 == choice)
		LCD_SetBackColor(Green);
	else 
		LCD_SetBackColor(White);
	sprintf(text,"   Upper: LD%d      ",Up);
	LCD_SHOW(4,text);
	
	if(3 == choice)
		LCD_SetBackColor(Green);
	else 
		LCD_SetBackColor(White);
	sprintf(text,"   Lower: LD%d      ",Low);
	LCD_SHOW(5,text);
	
	LCD_SetBackColor(White);
}

float GetADC(ADC_HandleTypeDef *pin)   //获取电压值
{
	uint16_t adc;
	HAL_ADC_Start(pin);
	adc = HAL_ADC_GetValue(pin);
	return adc*3.3/4096;
}
    
void Infer(void)   //判断电压的状态
{
	if(Volt>Max)
		arrow = 0;
	else if(Volt

show.h

#ifndef __SHOW_H
#define __SHOW_H

#include "main.h"
#include "lcd.h"
#include "adc.h"
#include "sys.h"

void LCD_SHOW(u8 line,char *text);
void Data(void);
void Setting(void);
float GetADC(ADC_HandleTypeDef *pin);
void Infer(void);

#endif

timer.c

#include "timer.h"

uint8_t Up_Cnt = 0;
uint8_t Low_Cnt = 0;
bool Up_flag = 0,Low_flag = 0;  //LED闪烁的标志位

extern uint8_t Up,Low,arrow;

void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
	if(TIM3 == htim->Instance)
	{
		KEY_Scan();
		if(0 == arrow)
		{
			if(20 == ++Up_Cnt)
			{
				Up_Cnt = 0;
				Up_flag ^= 1;
			}
		}
		else 
		{
			Up_Cnt = 0;
			Up_flag = 0;
		}
		
		if(1 == arrow)
		{
			if(20 == ++Low_Cnt)
			{
				Low_Cnt = 0;
				Low_flag ^= 1;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			Low_Cnt = 0;
			Low_flag = 0;
		}
		
		if(2 == arrow)
			LED_SET(GPIO_PIN_All,GPIO_PIN_SET);
	}
}

timer.h

#ifndef __TIMER_H
#define __TIMER_H

#include "main.h"
#include "sys.h"

#endif

以上就是我修改过的文件和新添加的文件。还有lcd模块，不过不需要我们自己写，官方有提供，直接复制过来就行，注意有三个文件，别只复制lcd.c和lcd.h。

第十届的程序设计题是不难，只要逻辑正确就比较容易。 好了，以上就是蓝桥杯嵌入式第十届省赛的题目解析了，如果有什么问题和建议都欢迎在评论区提出来喔。