试译《今日简史》6

Since humans are individuals, it is difficult to connect them to one another and to make sure that they are all up to date. In contrast, computers aren’t individuals, and it is easy to integrate them into a single flexible network. Hence what we are facing is not the replacement of millions of individual human workers by millions of individual robots and computers. Rather, individual humans are likely to be replaced by an integrated network. When considering automation it is therefore wrong to compare the abilities of a single human driver to that of a single self-driving car, or of a single human doctor to that of a single AI doctor. Rather, we should compare the abilities of a collection of human individuals to the abilities of an integrated network.

由于每个人都是独立的个体,因此很难将他们联系起来,并确保他们都了解最新信息。相反,计算机并不是独立的个体,我们很容易将其接入灵活的网络中。因此我们面临的问题不是将无数独立人类工作者被无数独立的机器人或计算机所取代,而是人类独立的个体可能会被一套集成网络取代。因此,当谈论自动化时,将单个人类司机的能力与单辆自动驾驶汽车的能力相比较,或者将单个人类医生与单个人工智能医生的能力相比较都是错误的做法。正确的做法是将人类集体的能力与集成网络的能力相比较。

【林俊宏】人类都是个体,很难将所有人彼此连接,从而确保他们都能得到最新信息。相反,计算机并不是彼此相异的独立个体,因此很容易把计算机集成一个单一、灵活的网络。所以这样说来,我们面临的不是几百万台计算机和机器人取代几百万个工人,而是所有作为个体的工人都会被一套集成网络所取代。因此,讨论自动化的时候,不该把“一位司机”的能力拿来和“一台自动驾驶汽车”比较,也不该把“一位医生”和“一位人工智能医生”进行比较,而该拿“一群人”的能力和“一套集成网络”进行比较。


For example, many drivers are unfamiliar with all the changing traffic regulations, and they often violate them. In addition, since every vehicle is an autonomous entity, when two vehicles approach the same junction at the same time, the drivers might miscommunicate their intentions and collide. Self-driving cars, in contrast, can all be connected to one another. When two such vehicles approach the same junction, they are not really two separate entities – they are part of a single algorithm. The chances that they might miscommunicate and collide are therefore far smaller. And if the Ministry of Transport decides to change some traffic regulation, all self-driving vehicles can be easily updated at exactly the same moment, and barring some bug in the program, they will all follow the new regulation to the letter.

例如,很多司机对不断变化的交通规则并不熟悉,因此经常违反交通规则。而且,由于每辆汽车都是自主实体,当两辆汽车在同一个交叉路口同时相遇时,司机可能会误解对方的意图,导致两车相撞。而自动驾驶汽车则可以相互连接起来。当两辆自动驾驶汽车在同一个路口相遇时,它们实际上并不是分开的实体——它们是同一算法的组成部分。因此,它们出现沟通失误和发生碰撞的可能性会小得多。如果交通部决定改变某些交通规则,所有的自动驾驶汽车很容易同时更新程序。除非程序出现故障,否则它们将会丝毫不差地遵守新的交通规则。

【林俊宏】举例来说,交通规则时有调整,但很多司机并不熟悉,于是常常违规。此外,每辆车都是独立运作的实体,所以当两辆车到达同一个十字路口时,司机可能会误读彼此的意图,于是发生事故。相反,自动驾驶汽车是连接成一个整体的,所以两辆自动驾驶汽车来到十字路口时并非独立运作,而是属于同一套算法的一部分。这样一来,因沟通不畅而发生事故的机会就会大幅减少。此外,如果交通部门决定调整某些交通规则,所有的自动驾驶汽车都能轻松地在同一时间更新程序;除非程序出现故障,否则大家都会遵守新的规则。

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