Java 8 中 Base 64
java 8 在标准API中增加Base64功能,通过 java.util.Base64工具类:
Java 8 基本 Base64
输入任意字符串,输出被映射到“A-Za-z0-9+/”字符集中(没有回车符、换行符),解码从该字符集中解析为任意字符:
// 编码
String asB64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString("some string".getBytes("utf-8"));
System.out.println(asB64); // 输出为: c29tZSBzdHJpbmc=
// 解码
byte[] asBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode("c29tZSBzdHJpbmc=");
System.out.println(new String(asBytes, "utf-8")); // 输出为: some string
java 8 Base64编码没有填充情况
如果Base64编码的二进制数据不是3的倍数,输出结果使用“=”号进行填充,所以结果会有一个或两个“=”号。
解码是填充的“=”号会被丢弃。如果你去掉填充“=”,结果字符串可能不能被正确解码,可以简单使用编码没有填充方法:
String encodedString =
Base64.getEncoder().withoutPadding().encodeToString(originalInput.getBytes());
Java 8 URL Base64
使用URL和文件名安全Base64字母表(没有‘+’和‘/’,增加‘-’和‘_’来替换,没有回车符、换行符),
用于对url拼接参数时不确定是否有特殊字符,选择先使用base64编码先对参数进行编码,然后再拼接到url上。
String basicEncoded = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString("subjects?abcd".getBytes("utf-8"));
System.out.println("Using Basic Alphabet: " + basicEncoded);
String urlEncoded = Base64.getUrlEncoder().encodeToString("subjects?abcd".getBytes("utf-8"));
System.out.println("Using URL Alphabet: " + urlEncoded);
// 输出为:
Using Basic Alphabet: c3ViamVjdHM/YWJjZA==
Using URL Alphabet: c3ViamVjdHM_YWJjZA==
Java 8 MIME Base64
MIME Base64编码输出被映射到“A-Za-z0-9+/”字符集中,编码输出每一行不超过76个字符,而且每行以“\r\n”符结束:
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int t = 0; t < 10; ++t) {
sb.append(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
}
byte[] toEncode = sb.toString().getBytes("utf-8");
String mimeEncoded = Base64.getMimeEncoder().encodeToString(toEncode);
System.out.println(mimeEncoded);
// 输出为:
NDU5ZTFkNDEtMDVlNy00MDFiLTk3YjgtMWRlMmRkMWEzMzc5YTJkZmEzY2YtM2Y2My00Y2Q4LTk5
ZmYtMTU1NzY0MWM5Zjk4ODA5ZjVjOGUtOGMxNi00ZmVjLTgyZjctNmVjYTU5MTAxZWUyNjQ1MjJj
NDMtYzA0MC00MjExLTk0NWMtYmFiZGRlNDk5OTZhMDMxZGE5ZTYtZWVhYS00OGFmLTlhMjgtMDM1
ZjAyY2QxNDUyOWZiMjI3NDctNmI3OC00YjgyLThiZGQtM2MyY2E3ZGNjYmIxOTQ1MDVkOGQtMzIz
Yi00MDg0LWE0ZmItYzkwMGEzNDUxZTIwOTllZTJiYjctMWI3MS00YmQzLTgyYjUtZGRmYmYxNDA4
Mjg3YTMxZjMxZmMtYTdmYy00YzMyLTkyNzktZTc2ZDc5ZWU4N2M5ZDU1NmQ4NWYtMDkwOC00YjIy
LWIwYWItMzJiYmZmM2M0OTBm
byte[] decodedBytes = Base64.getMimeDecoder().decode(mimeEncoded);
String decodedMime = new String(decodedBytes,"utf-8");
System.out.println(decodedMime);
java 8 Base64 流的封装
Base64类封装了所有的BASE64编码器和解码器,还支持流的封装,这是一个非常优雅的构造,包括编码和效率都很高(无需缓冲Buffer),即编码器和解码器的输入和输出无需缓冲Buffer。下面我们以一个例子来说明编码器是怎样封装FileOutputStream,以及解码器是怎样封装FileInputStream的,两者皆不需要缓冲Buffer:
public void wrapping() throws IOException {
String src = "This is the content of any resource read from somewhere" +
" into a stream. This can be text, image, video or any other stream.";
// 编码器封装OutputStream, 文件/tmp/buff-base64.txt的内容是BASE64编码的形式
try (OutputStream os = Base64.getEncoder().wrap(newFileOutputStream("/tmp/buff-base64.txt"))) {
os.write(src.getBytes("utf-8"));
}
// 解码器封装InputStream, 以及以流的方式解码, 无需缓冲
// is being consumed. There is no need to buffer the content of the file just for decoding it.
try (InputStream is = Base64.getDecoder().wrap(newFileInputStream("/tmp/buff-base64.txt"))) {
int len;
byte[] bytes = new byte[100];
while ((len = is.read(bytes)) != -1) {
System.out.print(new String(bytes, 0, len, "utf-8"));
}
}
}
参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/chszs/article/details/17027649
https://blog.csdn.net/neweastsun/article/details/80542350