C语言函数大全
本篇介绍C语言函数大全– i 开头的函数
1. imagesize
1.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
unsigned imagesize(int left, int top, int right, int bottom); |
获取保存位图像所需的字节数 |
1.2 演示示例
#include
#include
#include
#define ARROW_SIZE 10
void draw_arrow(int x, int y);
int main()
{
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
void *arrow;
int x, y, maxx;
unsigned int size;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1);
}
maxx = getmaxx();
x = 0;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
draw_arrow(x, y);
size = imagesize(x, y-ARROW_SIZE, x+(4*ARROW_SIZE), y+ARROW_SIZE);
arrow = malloc(size);
getimage(x, y-ARROW_SIZE, x+(4*ARROW_SIZE), y+ARROW_SIZE, arrow);
while (!kbhit())
{
putimage(x, y-ARROW_SIZE, arrow, XOR_PUT);
x += ARROW_SIZE;
if (x >= maxx)
x = 0;
putimage(x, y-ARROW_SIZE, arrow, XOR_PUT);
}
free(arrow);
closegraph();
return 0;
}
void draw_arrow(int x, int y)
{
moveto(x, y);
linerel(4*ARROW_SIZE, 0);
linerel(-2*ARROW_SIZE, -1*ARROW_SIZE);
linerel(0, 2*ARROW_SIZE);
linerel(2*ARROW_SIZE, -1*ARROW_SIZE);
}
1.3 运行结果
2. initgraph
2.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
void initgraph( int *graphdriver, int *graphmode, char *pathtodriver ); |
初始化图形系统 |
2.2 演示示例
#include
#include
#include
int main()
{
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1);
}
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy());
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
2.3 运行结果
3. inport
3.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
int inport(int protid); |
从硬件端口中输入 |
3.2 演示示例
#include
#include
int main()
{
int result;
int port = 0;
result = inport(port);
printf("Word read from port %d = 0x%X\n", port, result);
return 0;
}
4. insline
4.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
void insline(void); |
在文本窗口中插入一个空行 |
4.2 演示示例
#include
int main()
{
clrscr();
cprintf("INSLINE inserts an empty line in the text window\r\n");
cprintf("at the cursor position using the current text\r\n");
cprintf("background color. All lines below the empty one\r\n");
cprintf("move down one line and the bottom line scrolls\r\n");
cprintf("off the bottom of the window.\r\n");
cprintf("\r\nPress any key to continue:");
gotoxy(1, 3);
getch();
insline();
getch();
return 0;
}
5. installuserdriver
5.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
int installuserdriver(char *name, int (*detect)(void)); |
安装设备驱动程序到BGI设备驱动程序表中 |
注意: 该函数在 WinBGI 中不可用
5.2 演示示例
#include
#include
#include
#include
int huge detectEGA(void);
void checkerrors(void);
int main(void)
{
int gdriver, gmode;
gdriver = installuserdriver("EGA", detectEGA);
gdriver = DETECT;
checkerrors();
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
checkerrors();
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy());
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
int huge detectEGA(void);
{
int driver, mode, sugmode = 0;
detectgraph(&driver, &mode);
if ((driver == EGA) || (driver == VGA))
return sugmode;
else
return grError;
}
void checkerrors(void)
{
int errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1);
}
}
6. installuserfont
6.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
int installuserfont( char *name ); |
安装未嵌入BGI系统的字体文件(CHR) |
注意: 该函数在 WinBGI 中不可用
6.2 演示示例
#include
#include
#include
#include
void checkerrors(void);
int main()
{
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode;
int userfont;
int midx, midy;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
checkerrors();
userfont = installuserfont("USER.CHR");
checkerrors();
settextstyle(userfont, HORIZ_DIR, 4);
outtextxy(midx, midy, "Testing!");
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
void checkerrors(void)
{
int errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1);
}
}
7. int86
7.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
int int86(int intr_num, union REGS *inregs, union REGS *outregs); |
通用8086软中断接口 |
7.2 演示示例
#include
#include
#include
#define VIDEO 0x10
void movetoxy(int x, int y)
{
union REGS regs;
regs.h.ah = 2;
regs.h.dh = y;
regs.h.dl = x;
regs.h.bh = 0;
int86(VIDEO, ®s, ®s);
}
int main(void)
{
clrscr();
movetoxy(35, 10);
printf("Hello\n");
return 0;
}
8. int86x
8.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
int int86x(int intr_num, union REGS *insegs, union REGS *outregs, struct SREGS *segregs); |
通用8086软中断接口 |
8.2 演示示例
#include
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
char filename[80];
union REGS inregs, outregs;
struct SREGS segregs;
printf("Enter filename: ");
gets(filename);
inregs.h.ah = 0x43;
inregs.h.al = 0x21;
inregs.x.dx = FP_OFF(filename);
segregs.ds = FP_SEG(filename);
int86x(0x21, &inregs, &outregs, &segregs);
printf("File attribute: %X\n", outregs.x.cx);
return 0;
}
9. intdos
9.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
int intdos(union REGS *inregs, union REGS *outregs); |
通用DOS接口 |
9.2 演示示例
#include
#include
int delete_file(char near *filename)
{
union REGS regs;
int ret;
regs.h.ah = 0x41;
regs.x.dx = (unsigned) filename;
ret = intdos(®s, ®s);
return(regs.x.cflag ? ret : 0);
}
int main(void)
{
int err;
err = delete_file("NOTEXIST.$$$");
if (!err)
printf("Able to delete NOTEXIST.$$$\n");
else
printf("Not Able to delete NOTEXIST.$$$\n");
return 0;
}
10. intdosx
10.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
int intdosx(union REGS *inregs, union REGS *outregs, struct SREGS *segregs); |
通用DOS中断接口 |
10.2 演示示例
#include
#include
int delete_file(char far *filename)
{
union REGS regs;
struct SREGS sregs;
int ret;
regs.h.ah = 0x41;
regs.x.dx = FP_OFF(filename);
sregs.ds = FP_SEG(filename);
ret = intdosx(®s, ®s, &sregs);
return(regs.x.cflag ? ret : 0);
}
int main(void)
{
int err;
err = delete_file("NOTEXIST.$$$");
if (!err)
printf("Able to delete NOTEXIST.$$$\n");
else
printf("Not Able to delete NOTEXIST.$$$\n");
return 0;
}
11. intr
11.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
void intr(int intr_num, struct REGPACK *preg); |
改变软中断接口 |
11.2 演示示例
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define CF 1
int main(void)
{
char directory[80];
struct REGPACK reg;
printf("Enter directory to change to: ");
gets(directory);
reg.r_ax = 0x3B << 8;
reg.r_dx = FP_OFF(directory);
reg.r_ds = FP_SEG(directory);
intr(0x21, ®);
if (reg.r_flags & CF)
printf("Directory change failed\n");
getcwd(directory, 80);
printf("The current directory is: %s\n", directory);
return 0;
}
12. ioctl
12.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
int ioctl(int fd, int cmd, ...) ; |
控制 I/O 设备 |
参数 |
描述 |
fd |
文件描述符 |
cmd |
交互协议,设备驱动将根据 cmd 执行对应操作 |
… |
可变参数arg,依赖 cmd 指定长度以及类型 |
12.2 演示示例
#include
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
int stat = ioctl(0, 8, 0, 0);
if (!stat)
printf("Drive %c is removable.\n", getdisk() + 'A');
else
printf("Drive %c is not removable.\n", getdisk() + 'A');
return 0;
}
13. isatty
13.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
int isatty(int handle); |
检查设备类型 |
13.2 演示示例
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
int handle;
handle = fileno(stdprn);
if (isatty(handle))
printf("Handle %d is a device type\n", handle);
else
printf("Handle %d isn't a device type\n", handle);
return 0;
}
13.3 运行结果
14. ilogb,ilogbf,ilogbfl
14.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
int ilogb (double x); |
获取 x 的对数的积分部分(double) |
int ilogbf (float x); |
获取 x 的对数的积分部分(float) |
int ilogbl (long double x); |
获取 x 的对数的积分部分(long double) |
如果计算成功,则返回 x 的对数的整数部分。如果 x 为 0,则此函数返回FP_ILOGB0 并报告错误。如果 x 是NaN值,则此函数返回 FP_ILOGBNAN 并报告错误。如果 x 是正无穷大或负无穷大,此函数将返回 INT_MAX 并报告错误。
14.2 演示示例
#include
#include
int main()
{
int result;
double x = 15.0;
result = ilogb(x);
printf("The integral part of the logarithm of double value %lf is %d\n", x, result);
float xf = 15.0f;
result = ilogbf(xf);
printf("The integral part of the logarithm of float value %f is %d\n", xf, result);
long double xL = 15.0L;
result = ilogbl(xL);
printf("The integral part of the logarithm of long double value %Lf is %d\n", xL, result);
return 0;
}
14.3 运行结果
15. itoa
15.1 函数说明
函数声明 |
函数功能 |
char * itoa(int value, char *string, int radix); |
把一整数转换为字符串 |
参数 |
描述 |
value |
被转换的整数 |
string |
转换后储存的字符数组 |
radix |
转换进制数,如2,8,10,16 进制等,大小应在2-36之间。 |
15.2 演示示例
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
int number = 12345;
char string[25];
itoa(number, string, 2);
printf("integer = %d string = %s\n", number, string);
itoa(number, string, 8);
printf("integer = %d string = %s\n", number, string);
itoa(number, string, 10);
printf("integer = %d string = %s\n", number, string);
itoa(number, string, 16);
printf("integer = %d string = %s\n", number, string);
return 0;
}
15.3 运行结果
参考
- [API Reference Document]
- [ioctl]