大约在同一时间,我遇到了同样的问题-为python modbus master实现选择哪个库,但对于串行通信(modbus RTU),我的观察仅对modbus RTU有效。
在我的考试中,我并没有过多地关注文档,但是最容易找到modbus-tk的串行RTU主站示例,但是仍然在wiki等上未找到源代码。
长话短说:
最小Modbus:
优点:轻量级模块
对于读取约10个寄存器的应用程序,性能可能是可以接受的
缺点:(对于我的应用程序而言)读取〜64个寄存器的速度太慢(对于我的应用程序而言)
相对较高的CPU负载
pymodbus:
独特功能:依赖串行流(由作者发布),并且必须动态设置串行超时,否则性能会很差(必须调整串行超时以获得尽可能长的响应)
优点:低CPU负载
可接受的表现
缺点:即使超时是动态设置的,其性能也比modbus-tk低2倍; 如果将超时保留为恒定值,性能会更差(但查询时间是恒定的)
对硬件敏感(由于我认为是依赖于串行缓冲区的处理流的结果)或事务可能存在内部问题:如果每秒执行20次或更多次不同的读取或读取/写入操作,则可能会混淆响应 。 较长的超时时间有助于但并非总是使串行线路上的pymodbus RTU实施不够坚固,无法用于生产环境。
添加对动态串行端口超时设置的支持需要其他编程:继承基本同步客户端类并实现套接字超时修改方法
响应验证不如modbus-tk中所述。 例如,在总线衰减的情况下,仅引发异常,而在相同情况下,modbus-tk返回错误的从站地址或CRC错误,这有助于识别问题的根本原因(可能是超时时间太短,错误的总线终止/缺少总线错误或 浮动地面等)
modbus-tk:
独特的功能:探测串行缓冲区中的数据,快速组装并返回响应。
优点最棒的表演; 动态超时比pymodbus快约2倍
缺点:大约 与pymodbus相比,CPU负载高出4倍//使这一点无效; 参见最后的“编辑”部分
大型请求的CPU负载增加//可以大大改善,从而使这一点无效; 参见最后的“编辑”部分
代码不如pymodbus优雅
超过6个月的时间,我一直在使用pymodbus,因为它具有最佳的性能/ CPU负载比,但是在更高的请求率下,不可靠的响应成为一个严重的问题,最终我转向了更快的嵌入式系统,并添加了对我最合适的modbus-tk的支持。
对于那些对细节感兴趣的人
我的目标是达到最短的响应时间。
建立:
波特率:153600与实现Modbus从站的微控制器的16MHz时钟同步)
我的rs-485总线只有50m
FTDI FT232R转换器以及TCP桥接上的串行(在RFC2217模式下使用com4com作为桥接)
如果是USB到串行转换器的最低超时和为串行端口配置的缓冲区大小(以降低延迟)
auto-tx rs-485适配器(总线处于显性状态)
用例场景:
每秒轮询5、8或10次,并支持之间的异步访问
读取/写入10到70个寄存器的请求
典型的长期(星期)表现:
MinimalModbus:在初始测试后删除
pymodbus:〜30ms读取64个寄存器; 有效地高达30个请求/秒但是响应不可靠(如果来自多个线程的同步访问)
github上可能有一个线程安全的fork,但是它在master后面,我还没有尝试过([https://github.com/xvart/pymodbus/network)]
modbus-tk:〜16ms读取64个寄存器; 对于较小的请求,有效地达到每秒70-80个请求
基准
码:
import time
import traceback
import serial
import modbus_tk.defines as tkCst
import modbus_tk.modbus_rtu as tkRtu
import minimalmodbus as mmRtu
from pymodbus.client.sync import ModbusSerialClient as pyRtu
slavesArr = [2]
iterSp = 100
regsSp = 10
portNbr = 21
portName = 'com22'
baudrate = 153600
timeoutSp=0.018 + regsSp*0
print "timeout: %s [s]" % timeoutSp
mmc=mmRtu.Instrument(portName, 2) # port name, slave address
mmc.serial.baudrate=baudrate
mmc.serial.timeout=timeoutSp
tb = None
errCnt = 0
startTs = time.time()
for i in range(iterSp):
for slaveId in slavesArr:
mmc.address = slaveId
try:
mmc.read_registers(0,regsSp)
except:
tb = traceback.format_exc()
errCnt += 1
stopTs = time.time()
timeDiff = stopTs - startTs
mmc.serial.close()
print mmc.serial
print "mimalmodbus:\ttime to read %s x %s (x %s regs): %.3f [s] / %.3f [s/req]" % (len(slavesArr),iterSp, regsSp, timeDiff, timeDiff/iterSp)
if errCnt >0:
print " !mimalmodbus:\terrCnt: %s; last tb: %s" % (errCnt, tb)
pymc = pyRtu(method='rtu', port=portNbr, baudrate=baudrate, timeout=timeoutSp)
errCnt = 0
startTs = time.time()
for i in range(iterSp):
for slaveId in slavesArr:
try:
pymc.read_holding_registers(0,regsSp,unit=slaveId)
except:
errCnt += 1
tb = traceback.format_exc()
stopTs = time.time()
timeDiff = stopTs - startTs
print "pymodbus:\ttime to read %s x %s (x %s regs): %.3f [s] / %.3f [s/req]" % (len(slavesArr),iterSp, regsSp, timeDiff, timeDiff/iterSp)
if errCnt >0:
print " !pymodbus:\terrCnt: %s; last tb: %s" % (errCnt, tb)
pymc.close()
tkmc = tkRtu.RtuMaster(serial.Serial(port=portNbr, baudrate=baudrate))
tkmc.set_timeout(timeoutSp)
errCnt = 0
startTs = time.time()
for i in range(iterSp):
for slaveId in slavesArr:
try:
tkmc.execute(slaveId, tkCst.READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, 0,regsSp)
except:
errCnt += 1
tb = traceback.format_exc()
stopTs = time.time()
timeDiff = stopTs - startTs
print "modbus-tk:\ttime to read %s x %s (x %s regs): %.3f [s] / %.3f [s/req]" % (len(slavesArr),iterSp, regsSp, timeDiff, timeDiff/iterSp)
if errCnt >0:
print " !modbus-tk:\terrCnt: %s; last tb: %s" % (errCnt, tb)
tkmc.close()
结果:
platform:
P8700 @2.53GHz
WinXP sp3 32bit
Python 2.7.1
FTDI FT232R series 1220-0
FTDI driver 2.08.26 (watch out for possible issues with 2.08.30 version on Windows)
pymodbus version 1.2.0
MinimalModbus version 0.4
modbus-tk version 0.4.2
读取100 x 64寄存器:
没有节电
timeout: 0.05 [s]
Serial(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.05, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
mimalmodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 9.135 [s] / 0.091 [s/req]
pymodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 6.151 [s] / 0.062 [s/req]
modbus-tk: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 2.280 [s] / 0.023 [s/req]
timeout: 0.03 [s]
Serial(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.03, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
mimalmodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 7.292 [s] / 0.073 [s/req]
pymodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 3.170 [s] / 0.032 [s/req]
modbus-tk: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 2.342 [s] / 0.023 [s/req]
timeout: 0.018 [s]
Serial(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.018, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
mimalmodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 4.481 - 7.198 [s] / 0.045 - 0.072 [s/req]
pymodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 3.045 [s] / 0.030 [s/req]
modbus-tk: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 2.342 [s] / 0.023 [s/req]
最大程度的省电
timeout: 0.05 [s]
Serial(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.05, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
mimalmodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 10.289 [s] / 0.103 [s/req]
pymodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 6.074 [s] / 0.061 [s/req]
modbus-tk: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 2.358 [s] / 0.024 [s/req]
timeout: 0.03 [s]
Serial(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.03, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
mimalmodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 8.166 [s] / 0.082 [s/req]
pymodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 4.138 [s] / 0.041 [s/req]
modbus-tk: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 2.327 [s] / 0.023 [s/req]
timeout: 0.018 [s]
Serial(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.018, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
mimalmodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 7.776 [s] / 0.078 [s/req]
pymodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 3.169 [s] / 0.032 [s/req]
modbus-tk: time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 2.342 [s] / 0.023 [s/req]
读取100 x 10寄存器:
没有节电
timeout: 0.05 [s]
Serial(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.05, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
mimalmodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 6.246 [s] / 0.062 [s/req]
pymodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 6.199 [s] / 0.062 [s/req]
modbus-tk: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 1.577 [s] / 0.016 [s/req]
timeout: 0.03 [s]
Serial(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.03, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
mimalmodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.088 [s] / 0.031 [s/req]
pymodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.143 [s] / 0.031 [s/req]
modbus-tk: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 1.533 [s] / 0.015 [s/req]
timeout: 0.018 [s]
Serial(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.018, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
mimalmodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.066 [s] / 0.031 [s/req]
pymodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.006 [s] / 0.030 [s/req]
modbus-tk: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 1.533 [s] / 0.015 [s/req]
最大程度的省电
timeout: 0.05 [s]
Serial(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.05, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
mimalmodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 6.386 [s] / 0.064 [s/req]
pymodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 5.934 [s] / 0.059 [s/req]
modbus-tk: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 1.499 [s] / 0.015 [s/req]
timeout: 0.03 [s]
Serial(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.03, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
mimalmodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.139 [s] / 0.031 [s/req]
pymodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.170 [s] / 0.032 [s/req]
modbus-tk: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 1.562 [s] / 0.016 [s/req]
timeout: 0.018 [s]
Serial(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.018, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
mimalmodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.123 [s] / 0.031 [s/req]
pymodbus: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.060 [s] / 0.031 [s/req]
modbus-tk: time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 1.561 [s] / 0.016 [s/req]
实际应用:
modbus-rpc网桥的加载示例(约3%由RPC服务器部分引起)
5 x 64寄存器每秒同步同步读取
串行端口超时设置为0.018 s的异步访问
modbus-tk
10条:{'currentCpuUsage':20.6,'requestsPerSec':73.2} //可以改进; 请参阅下面的“编辑”部分
64 regs:{'currentCpuUsage':31.2,'requestsPerSec':41.91} //可以改进; 请参阅下面的“编辑”部分
pymodbus:
10条:{'currentCpuUsage':5.0,'requestsPerSec':36.88}
64条:{'currentCpuUsage':5.0,'requestsPerSec':34.29}
编辑:modbus-tk库可以轻松改进以减少CPU使用率。在原始版本中,发送请求并经过T3.5睡眠传递后,主控器一次汇编一个字节的响应。 分析证明,大多数时间都花在串行端口访问上。 通过尝试从串行缓冲区读取期望的数据长度,可以改善此问题。 根据pySerial文档,如果设置了超时,它应该是安全的(在缺少响应或时间太短时不会挂断):
read(size=1)
Parameters: size – Number of bytes to read.
Returns: Bytes read from the port.
Read size bytes from the serial port. If a timeout is set it may return less characters as
requested. With no timeout it will block until the requested number of bytes is read.
通过以下方式修改`modbus_rtu.py'之后:
def _recv(self, expected_length=-1):
"""Receive the response from the slave"""
response = ""
read_bytes = "dummy"
iterCnt = 0
while read_bytes:
if iterCnt == 0:
read_bytes = self._serial.read(expected_length) # reduces CPU load for longer frames; serial port timeout is used anyway
else:
read_bytes = self._serial.read(1)
response += read_bytes
if len(response) >= expected_length >= 0:
#if the expected number of byte is received consider that the response is done
#improve performance by avoiding end-of-response detection by timeout
break
iterCnt += 1
修改modbus-tk之后,实际应用程序中的CPU负载显着下降,而性能没有明显下降(仍然比pymodbus好):
更新了modbus-rpc网桥的加载示例(约3%由RPC服务器部分引起)
5 x 64寄存器每秒同步同步读取
串行端口超时设置为0.018 s的异步访问
modbus-tk
10条:{'currentCpuUsage':7.8,'requestsPerSec':66.81}
64条:{'currentCpuUsage':8.1,'requestsPerSec':37.61}
pymodbus:
10条:{'currentCpuUsage':5.0,'requestsPerSec':36.88}
64条:{'currentCpuUsage':5.0,'requestsPerSec':34.29}