企业网站架构部署与优化 LNMP

【安装 Nginx 服务】
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
1、安装依赖包
yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make

2、创建运行用户
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx

3、编译安装
cd /opt
tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz -C /opt/

cd nginx-1.12.0/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module

make && make install

4、优化路径
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/

5、添加 Nginx 系统服务
vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service
systemctl enable nginx.service

【安装 MySQL 服务】
1、安装Mysql环境依赖包
yum -y install \
ncurses \
ncurses-devel \
bison \
cmake

 

2、创建运行用户
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin  mysql

3、编译安装
cd /opt
tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz

cd /opt/mysql-5.7.20/
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1

make && make install

4、修改mysql 配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

5、更改mysql安装目录和配置文件的属主属组
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf

6、设置路径环境变量
echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile    
source /etc/profile

7、初始化数据库
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

8、添加mysqld系统服务
cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mysqld.service
systemctl enable mysqld

9、修改mysql 的登录密码
mysqladmin -u root -p password "abc123"

10、授权远程登录
mysql -u root -p

【安装配置 PHP 解析环境】
1、安装环境依赖包
yum -y install gd \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel

 

2、编译安装
cd /opt
tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2

cd php-7.1.10
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip

make && make install

3、路径优化
ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/php/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/

4、调整PHP配置文件
php有三个配置文件： 
php.ini            主配置文件  
php-fpm.conf    进程服务配置文件 
www.conf        扩展配置文件

#调整主配置文件：
cp /opt/php-7.1.10/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini    
vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
--1170行--修改
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
--939行--取消注释，修改
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

php -m                     #验证安装的模块

#调整进程服务配置文件：
cd /usr/local/php/etc/
cp  php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
vim php-fpm.conf
--17行--去掉";"注释
pid = run/php-fpm.pid

#调整扩展配置文件：
cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
cp www.conf.default www.conf

5、启动php-fpm
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
netstat -anpt | grep 9000

#PHP-FPM(FastCGI Process Manager：FastCGI 进程管理器)是一个 PHPFastCGI 管理器， 由于Nginx服务器不能处理动态页面，需要由 Nginx 把动态请求交给 php-fpm 进程进行解析。

cd /opt/php-7.1.10/sapi/fpm
cp php-fpm.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
systemctl restart php-fpm.service

6、配置 Nginx 支持 PHP 解析
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
--65行--取消注释，修改
location ~ \.php$ {
    root           html;
    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;    #将 /scripts 修改为nginx的工作目录
   #fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;  #$document_root 代表当前请求在root指令中指定的值
    include        fastcgi_params;
}

 

systemctl restart nginx.service

7、验证PHP 测试页
vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
phpinfo();
?>

浏览器访问
http://192.168.179.21/index.php

 

8、验证数据库工作是否正常
mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE bbs;
GRANT all ON xny.* TO 'xny'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
GRANT all ON xny.* TO 'xny'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
flush privileges;

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php              #替换原来的测试页内容
$link=mysqli_connect('localhost','xny','admin123');
if($link) echo "

Success!!

";
else echo "Fail!!";
?>

浏览器访问
http://192.168.179.21/index.php

 

【部署 Discuz！社区论坛 Web 应用】
cd /opt
unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip  -d /opt/dis
cd /opt/dis/dir_SC_UTF8/
cp -r upload/ /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/

调整论坛目录的权限：
cd /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/
chown -R nginx ./config/
chown -R nginx ./data/
chown -R nginx ./uc_client/
chown -R nginx ./uc_server/
或
chmod -R 777 ./config/
chmod -R 777 ./data/
chmod -R 777 ./uc_client/
chmod -R 777 ./uc_server/

论坛页面访问
http://192.168.179.21/xny/index.php

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
数据库服务器：localhost     ###本地架设就用localhost，如何不是在在本机上就要填写IP地址和端口号
数据库名字：xny
数据库用户名：xny
数据库密码：admin123
管理员账号:admin
管理员密码:admin123
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
访问论坛页面：
http://192.168.179.21/xny/index.php
http://192.168.179.21/xny/admin.php

 

【部署 Wordpress！社区论坛 Web 应用】

cd /opt
tar xf wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
cp -r wordpress/ /usr/local/nginx/html/xny1

cd /usr/local/nginx/html

chown -R nginx xny1 或 chmod -R 777 xny1

http://192.168.179.21/wordpress/xny1/index.php

创建新的数据库表：

create database workpress;

GRANT all ON xny.* TO 'xny'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
GRANT all ON xny.* TO 'xny'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
flush privileges;

----------------fpm参数优化-------------------
Nginx的PHP解析功能实现如果是交由FPM处理的，为了提高PHP的处理速度，可对FPM模块进行参数的调整
根据服务器的内存与服务负载，调整FPM模块参数

vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf 
pid = run/php-fpm.pid

vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
--96行--
pm = dynamic                #fpm进程启动方式，动态的
--107行--
pm.max_children=20            #fpm进程启动的最大进程数
--112行--
pm.start_servers = 5        #动态方式下启动时默认开启的进程数，在最小和最大之间
--117行--
pm.min_spare_servers = 2    #动态方式下最小空闲进程数
--122行--
pm.max_spare_servers = 8    #动态方式下最大空闲进程数

kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`            #重启php-fpm
netstat -anpt | grep 9000
ps -elf | grep php-fpm