npm install -g @vue/cli
vue ui
使用图形向导来创建 vue 项目,如下图,输入项目名
选择版本,创建项目
进入项目目录,执行
npm run serve
前端服务器默认占用了 8080 端口,需要修改一下
文档地址:DevServer | webpack
打开 vue.config.js 添加
const { defineConfig } = require('@vue/cli-service')
module.exports = defineConfig({
// ...
devServer: {
port: 7070
}
})
为了避免前后端服务器联调时, fetch、xhr 请求产生跨域问题,需要配置代理
文档地址同上
打开 vue.config.js 添加
const { defineConfig } = require('@vue/cli-service')
module.exports = defineConfig({
// ...
devServer: {
port: 7070,
proxy: {
'/api': {
target: 'http://localhost:8080',
changeOrigin: true
}
}
}
})
PS D:\2022.js\代码\第3章\client> tree src
D:\2022.JS\代码\第3章\CLIENT\SRC
├─assets
├─components
├─router
├─store
└─views
以后还会添加
Vue 的组件文件以 .vue 结尾,每个组件由三部分组成
<template>template>
<script>script>
<style>style>
入口组件是 App.vue
先删除原有代码,来个 Hello, World 例子
<template>
<h1>{{msg}}h1>
template>
<script>
export default {
data() {
return {
msg: "Hello, Vue!"
}
}
}
script>
解释
{{}}
在 Vue 里称之为插值表达式,用来绑定 data 方法返回的对象属性,绑定的含义是数据发生变化时,页面显示会同步变化<template>
<div>
<h1>{{ name }}h1>
<h1>{{ age > 60 ? '老年' : '青年' }}h1>
div>
template>
<script>
const options = {
data: function () {
return { name: '张三', age: 70 };
}
};
export default options;
script>
{{}}
里只能绑定一个属性,绑定多个属性需要用多个 {{}}
分别绑定<template>
<div>
<div><input type="text" v-bind:value="name">div>
<div><input type="date" v-bind:value="birthday">div>
<div><input type="text" :value="age">div>
div>
template>
<script>
const options = {
data: function () {
return { name: '王五', birthday: '1995-05-01', age: 20 };
}
};
export default options;
script>
<template>
<div>
<div><input type="button" value="点我执行m1" v-on:click="m1">div>
<div><input type="button" value="点我执行m2" @click="m2">div>
<div>{{count}}div>
div>
template>
<script>
const options = {
data: function () {
return { count: 0 };
},
methods: {
m1() {
this.count ++;
console.log("m1")
},
m2() {
this.count --;
console.log("m2")
}
}
};
export default options;
script>
<template>
<div>
<div>
<label for="">请输入姓名label>
<input type="text" v-model="name">
div>
<div>
<label for="">请输入年龄label>
<input type="text" v-model="age">
div>
<div>
<label for="">请选择性别label>
男 <input type="radio" value="男" v-model="sex">
女 <input type="radio" value="女" v-model="sex">
div>
<div>
<label for="">请选择爱好label>
游泳 <input type="checkbox" value="游泳" v-model="fav">
打球 <input type="checkbox" value="打球" v-model="fav">
健身 <input type="checkbox" value="健身" v-model="fav">
div>
div>
template>
<script>
const options = {
data: function () {
return { name: '', age: null, sex:'男' , fav:['打球']};
},
methods: {
}
};
export default options;
script>
<template>
<div>
<h2>{{fullName}}h2>
<h2>{{fullName}}h2>
<h2>{{fullName}}h2>
div>
template>
<script>
const options = {
data: function () {
return { firstName: '三', lastName: '张' };
},
/* methods: {
fullName() {
console.log('进入了 fullName')
return this.lastName + this.firstName;
}
},*/
computed: {
fullName() {
console.log('进入了 fullName')
return this.lastName + this.firstName;
}
}
};
export default options;
axios 它的底层是用了 XMLHttpRequest(xhr)方式发送请求和接收响应,xhr 相对于之前讲过的 fetch api 来说,功能更强大,但由于是比较老的 api,不支持 Promise,axios 对 xhr 进行了封装,使之支持 Promise,并提供了对请求、响应的统一拦截功能
安装
npm install axios -S
导入
import axios from 'axios'
方法
请求 | 备注 |
---|---|
axios.get(url[, config]) | ⭐️ |
axios.delete(url[, config]) | |
axios.head(url[, config]) | |
axios.options(url[, config]) | |
axios.post(url[, data[, config]]) | ⭐️ |
axios.put(url[, data[, config]]) | |
axios.patch(url[, data[, config]]) |
例子
<template>
<div>
<input type="button" value="获取远程数据" @click="sendReq()">
div>
template>
<script>
import axios from 'axios'
const options = {
methods: {
async sendReq() {
// 1. 演示 get, post
// const resp = await axios.post('/api/a2');
// 2. 发送请求头
// const resp = await axios.post('/api/a3',{},{
// headers:{
// Authorization:'abc'
// }
// });
// 3. 发送请求时携带查询参数 ?name=xxx&age=xxx
// const name = encodeURIComponent('&&&');
// const age = 18;
// const resp = await axios.post(`/api/a4?name=${name}&age=${age}`);
// 不想自己拼串、处理特殊字符、就用下面的办法
// const resp = await axios.post('/api/a4', {}, {
// params: {
// name:'&&&&',
// age: 20
// }
// });
// 4. 用请求体发数据,格式为 urlencoded
// const params = new URLSearchParams();
// params.append("name", "张三");
// params.append("age", 24)
// const resp = await axios.post('/api/a4', params);
// 5. 用请求体发数据,格式为 multipart
// const params = new FormData();
// params.append("name", "李四");
// params.append("age", 30);
// const resp = await axios.post('/api/a5', params);
// 6. 用请求体发数据,格式为 json
const resp = await axios.post('/api/a5json', {
name: '王五',
age: 50
});
console.log(resp);
}
}
};
export default options;
script>
创建实例
const _axios = axios.create(config);
常见的 config 项有
名称 | 含义 |
---|---|
baseURL | 将自动加在 url 前面 |
headers | 请求头,类型为简单对象 |
params | 跟在 URL 后的请求参数,类型为简单对象或 URLSearchParams |
data | 请求体,类型有简单对象、FormData、URLSearchParams、File 等 |
withCredentials | 跨域时是否携带 Cookie 等凭证,默认为 false |
responseType | 响应类型,默认为 json |
例
const _axios = axios.create({
baseURL: 'http://localhost:8080',
withCredentials: true
});
await _axios.post('/api/a6set')
await _axios.post('/api/a6get')
响应格式
名称 | 含义 |
---|---|
data | 响应体数据 ⭐️ |
status | 状态码 ⭐️ |
headers | 响应头 |
请求拦截器
_axios.interceptors.request.use(
function(config) {
// 比如在这里添加统一的 headers
return config;
},
function(error) {
return Promise.reject(error);
}
);
响应拦截器
_axios.interceptors.response.use(
function(response) {
// 2xx 范围内走这里
return response;
},
function(error) {
// 超出 2xx, 比如 4xx, 5xx 走这里
return Promise.reject(error);
}
);
<template>
<div>
<input type="button" value="获取远程数据" @click="sendReq()">
<div class="title">学生列表div>
<div class="thead">
<div class="row bold">
<div class="col">编号div>
<div class="col">姓名div>
<div class="col">性别div>
<div class="col">年龄div>
div>
div>
<div class="tbody">
<div class="row" v-if="students.length > 0">显示学生数据div>
<div class="row" v-else>暂无学生数据div>
div>
div>
template>
<script>
import axios from '../util/myaxios'
const options = {
data: function() {
return {
students: []
};
},
methods : {
async sendReq() {
const resp = await axios.get("/api/students");
console.log(resp.data.data)
this.students = resp.data.data;
}
}
};
export default options;
script>
<style scoped>
div {
font-family: 华文行楷;
font-size: 20px;
}
.title {
margin-bottom: 10px;
font-size: 30px;
color: #333;
text-align: center;
}
.row {
background-color: #fff;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
.col {
border: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
width: 15%;
height: 35px;
text-align: center;
line-height: 35px;
}
.bold .col {
background-color: #f1f1f1;
}
style>
<template>
<div>
<div class="title">学生列表div>
<div class="thead">
<div class="row bold">
<div class="col">编号div>
<div class="col">姓名div>
<div class="col">性别div>
<div class="col">年龄div>
div>
div>
<div class="tbody">
<div v-if="students.length > 0">
<div class="row" v-for="s of students" :key="s.id">
<div class="col">{{s.id}}div>
<div class="col">{{s.name}}div>
<div class="col">{{s.sex}}div>
<div class="col">{{s.age}}div>
div>
div>
<div class="row" v-else>暂无学生数据div>
div>
div>
template>
<script>
import axios from '../util/myaxios'
const options = {
mounted: function(){
this.sendReq()
},
data: function() {
return {
students: []
};
},
methods : {
async sendReq() {
const resp = await axios.get("/api/students");
console.log(resp.data.data)
this.students = resp.data.data;
}
}
};
export default options;
script>
<style scoped>
div {
font-family: 华文行楷;
font-size: 20px;
}
.title {
margin-bottom: 10px;
font-size: 30px;
color: #333;
text-align: center;
}
.row {
background-color: #fff;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
.col {
border: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
width: 15%;
height: 35px;
text-align: center;
line-height: 35px;
}
.bold .col {
background-color: #f1f1f1;
}
style>
按钮组件
<template>
<div class="button" :class="[type,size]">
a<slot>slot>b
div>
template>
<script>
const options = {
props: ["type", "size"]
};
export default options;
script>
使用组件
<template>
<div>
<h1>父组件h1>
<my-button type="primary" size="small">1my-button>
<my-button type="danger" size="middle">2my-button>
<my-button type="success" size="large">3my-button>
div>
template>
<script>
import MyButton from '../components/MyButton.vue'
const options = {
components: {
MyButton
}
};
export default options;
script>
安装
npm install element-ui -S
引入组件
import Element from 'element-ui'
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'
Vue.use(Element)
测试,在自己的组件中使用 ElementUI 的组件
<el-button>按钮el-button>
<template>
<div>
<el-table :data="students">
<el-table-column label="编号" prop="id">el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="姓名" prop="name">el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="性别" prop="sex">el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="年龄" prop="age">el-table-column>
el-table>
div>
template>
<script>
import axios from '../util/myaxios'
const options = {
async mounted() {
const resp = await axios.get('/api/students');
this.students = resp.data.data
},
data() {
return {
students: []
}
}
}
export default options;
script>
<template>
<div>
<el-table v-bind:data="students">
<el-table-column label="编号" prop="id">el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="姓名" prop="name">el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="性别" prop="sex">el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="年龄" prop="age">el-table-column>
el-table>
<el-pagination
:total="total"
:page-size="queryDto.size"
:current-page="queryDto.page"
layout="prev,pager,next,sizes,->,total"
:page-sizes="[5,10,15,20]"
@current-change="currentChange"
@size-change="sizeChange"
>el-pagination>
div>
template>
<script>
import axios from '../util/myaxios'
const options = {
mounted() {
this.query();
},
methods: {
currentChange(page) {
this.queryDto.page = page;
this.query();
},
sizeChange(size){
this.queryDto.size = size;
this.query();
},
async query() {
const resp = await axios.get('/api/students/q', {
params: this.queryDto
});
this.students = resp.data.data.list;
this.total = resp.data.data.total;
}
},
data() {
return {
students: [],
total: 0,
queryDto: {
page: 1,
size: 5
}
}
}
}
export default options;
script>
<template>
<div>
<el-input placeholder="请输入姓名" size="mini" v-model="queryDto.name">el-input>
<el-select placeholder="请选择性别" size="mini" v-model="queryDto.sex" clearable>
<el-option value="男">el-option>
<el-option value="女">el-option>
el-select>
<el-select placeholder="请选择年龄" size="mini" v-model="queryDto.age" clearable>
<el-option value="0,20" label="0到20岁">el-option>
<el-option value="21,30" label="21到30岁">el-option>
<el-option value="31,40" label="31到40岁">el-option>
<el-option value="41,120" label="41到120岁">el-option>
el-select>
<el-button type="primary" size="mini" @click="search()">搜索el-button>
<el-divider>el-divider>
<el-table v-bind:data="students">
<el-table-column label="编号" prop="id">el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="姓名" prop="name">el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="性别" prop="sex">el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="年龄" prop="age">el-table-column>
el-table>
<el-pagination :total="total" :page-size="queryDto.size" :current-page="queryDto.page"
layout="prev,pager,next,sizes,->,total" :page-sizes="[5, 10, 15, 20]" @current-change="currentChange"
@size-change="sizeChange">el-pagination>
div>
template>
<script>
import axios from '../util/myaxios'
const options = {
mounted() {
this.query();
},
methods: {
currentChange(page) {
this.queryDto.page = page;
this.query();
},
sizeChange(size) {
this.queryDto.size = size;
this.query();
},
async query() {
const resp = await axios.get('/api/students/q', {
params: this.queryDto
});
this.students = resp.data.data.list;
this.total = resp.data.data.total;
},
search() {
this.query();
}
},
data() {
return {
students: [],
total: 0,
queryDto: {
name: '',
sex: '',
age: '',
page: 1,
size: 5
}
}
}
}
export default options;
script>
''
表示用户没有选择的情况0,20
会被 spring 转换为 new int[]{0, 20}
''
会被 spring 转换为 new int[0]
级联选择器中选项的数据结构为
[
{value:100, label:'主页',children:[
{value:101, label:'菜单1', children:[
{value:105, label:'子项1'},
{value:106, label:'子项2'}
]},
{value:102, label:'菜单2', children:[
{value:107, label:'子项3'},
{value:108, label:'子项4'},
{value:109, label:'子项5'}
]},
{value:103, label:'菜单3', children:[
{value:110, label:'子项6'},
{value:111, label:'子项7'}
]},
{value:104, label:'菜单4'}
]}
]
下面的例子是将后端返回的一维数组【树化】
<template>
<el-cascader :options="ops">el-cascader>
template>
<script>
import axios from '../util/myaxios'
const options = {
async mounted() {
const resp = await axios.get('/api/menu')
console.log(resp.data.data)
const array = resp.data.data;
const map = new Map();
// 1. 将所有数据存入 map 集合(为了接下来查找效率)
for(const {id,name,pid} of array) {
map.set(id, {value:id, label:name, pid:pid})
}
// 2. 建立父子关系
// 3. 找到顶层对象
const top = [];
for(const obj of map.values()) {
const parent = map.get(obj.pid);
if(parent !== undefined) {
parent.children ??= [];
parent.children.push(obj);
} else {
top.push(obj)
}
}
this.ops = top;
},
data(){
return {
ops: []
}
}
};
export default options;
script>
vue 属于单页面应用,所谓的路由,就是根据浏览器路径不同,用不同的视图组件替换这个页面内容展示
新建一个路由 js 文件,例如 src/router/example14.js,内容如下
import Vue from 'vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
import ContainerView from '@/views/example14/ContainerView.vue'
import LoginView from '@/views/example14/LoginView.vue'
import NotFoundView from '@/views/example14/NotFoundView.vue'
Vue.use(VueRouter)
const routes = [
{
path:'/',
component: ContainerView
},
{
path:'/login',
component: LoginView
},
{
path:'/404',
component: NotFoundView
}
]
const router = new VueRouter({
routes
})
export default router
在 main.js 中采用我们的路由 js
import Vue from 'vue'
import e14 from './views/Example14View.vue'
import router from './router/example14' // 修改这里
import store from './store'
import Element from 'element-ui'
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(Element)
new Vue({
router,
store,
render: h => h(e14)
}).$mount('#app')
根组件是 Example14View.vue,内容为:
<template>
<div class="all">
<router-view>router-view>
div>
template>
起到占位作用,改变路径后,这个路径对应的视图组件就会占据
的位置,替换掉它之前的内容import Vue from 'vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
Vue.use(VueRouter)
const routes = [
{
path:'/',
component: () => import('@/views/example14/ContainerView.vue')
},
{
path:'/login',
component: () => import('@/views/example14/LoginView.vue')
},
{
path:'/404',
component: () => import('@/views/example14/NotFoundView.vue')
}
]
const router = new VueRouter({
routes
})
export default router
组件内再要切换内容,就需要用到嵌套路由(子路由),下面的例子是在【ContainerView 组件】内定义了 3 个子路由
const routes = [
{
path:'/',
component: () => import('@/views/example14/ContainerView.vue'),
redirect: '/c/p1',
children: [
{
path:'c/p1',
component: () => import('@/views/example14/container/P1View.vue')
},
{
path:'c/p2',
component: () => import('@/views/example14/container/P2View.vue')
},
{
path:'c/p3',
component: () => import('@/views/example14/container/P3View.vue')
}
]
},
{
path:'/login',
component: () => import('@/views/example14/LoginView.vue')
},
{
path:'/404',
component: () => import('@/views/example14/NotFoundView.vue')
},
{
path:'*',
redirect: '/404'
}
]
子路由变化,切换的是【ContainerView 组件】中
部分的内容
<template>
<div class="container">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
通常主页要做布局,下面的代码是 ElementUI 提供的【上-【左-右】】布局
<template>
<div class="container">
<el-container>
<el-header>el-header>
<el-container>
<el-aside width="200px">el-aside>
<el-main>
<router-view>router-view>
el-main>
el-container>
el-container>
div>
template>
<el-aside width="200px">
<router-link to="/c1/p1">P1router-link>
<router-link to="/c1/p2">P2router-link>
<router-link to="/c1/p3">P3router-link>
el-aside>
<el-header>
<el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-edit"
circle size="mini" @click="jump('/c1/p1')">el-button>
<el-button type="success" icon="el-icon-check"
circle size="mini" @click="jump('/c1/p2')">el-button>
<el-button type="warning" icon="el-icon-star-off"
circle size="mini" @click="jump('/c1/p3')">el-button>
el-header>
jump 方法
<script>
const options = {
methods : {
jump(url) {
this.$router.push(url);
}
}
}
export default options;
script>
<el-menu router background-color="#545c64" text-color="#fff" active-text-color="#ffd04b">
<el-submenu index="/c1">
<span slot="title">
<i class="el-icon-platform-eleme">i>
菜单1
span>
<el-menu-item index="/c1/p1">子项1el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="/c1/p2">子项2el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="/c1/p3">子项3el-menu-item>
el-submenu>
<el-menu-item index="/c2">
<span slot="title">
<i class="el-icon-phone">i>
菜单2
span>
el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="/c3">
<span slot="title">
<i class="el-icon-star-on">i>
菜单3
span>
el-menu-item>
el-menu>
包裹起来el-menu
标签上加上 router
属性,表示结合导航菜单与路由对象,此时,就可以利用菜单项的 index
属性来路由跳转将菜单、路由信息(仅主页的)存入数据库中
insert into menu(id, name, pid, path, component, icon) values
(101, '菜单1', 0, '/m1', null, 'el-icon-platform-eleme'),
(102, '菜单2', 0, '/m2', null, 'el-icon-delete-solid'),
(103, '菜单3', 0, '/m3', null, 'el-icon-s-tools'),
(104, '菜单4', 0, '/m4', 'M4View.vue', 'el-icon-user-solid'),
(105, '子项1', 101, '/m1/c1', 'C1View.vue', 'el-icon-s-goods'),
(106, '子项2', 101, '/m1/c2', 'C2View.vue', 'el-icon-menu'),
(107, '子项3', 102, '/m2/c3', 'C3View.vue', 'el-icon-s-marketing'),
(108, '子项4', 102, '/m2/c4', 'C4View.vue', 'el-icon-s-platform'),
(109, '子项5', 102, '/m2/c5', 'C5View.vue', 'el-icon-picture'),
(110, '子项6', 103, '/m3/c6', 'C6View.vue', 'el-icon-upload'),
(111, '子项7', 103, '/m3/c7', 'C7View.vue', 'el-icon-s-promotion');
不同的用户查询的的菜单、路由信息是不一样的
例如:访问 /api/menu/admin
返回所有的数据
[
{
"id": 102,
"name": "菜单2",
"icon": "el-icon-delete-solid",
"path": "/m2",
"pid": 0,
"component": null
},
{
"id": 107,
"name": "子项3",
"icon": "el-icon-s-marketing",
"path": "/m2/c3",
"pid": 102,
"component": "C3View.vue"
},
{
"id": 108,
"name": "子项4",
"icon": "el-icon-s-platform",
"path": "/m2/c4",
"pid": 102,
"component": "C4View.vue"
},
{
"id": 109,
"name": "子项5",
"icon": "el-icon-picture",
"path": "/m2/c5",
"pid": 102,
"component": "C5View.vue"
}
]
访问 /api/menu/wang
返回
[
{
"id": 103,
"name": "菜单3",
"icon": "el-icon-s-tools",
"path": "/m3",
"pid": 0,
"component": null
},
{
"id": 110,
"name": "子项6",
"icon": "el-icon-upload",
"path": "/m3/c6",
"pid": 103,
"component": "C6View.vue"
},
{
"id": 111,
"name": "子项7",
"icon": "el-icon-s-promotion",
"path": "/m3/c7",
"pid": 103,
"component": "C7View.vue"
}
]
前端根据他们身份不同,动态添加路由和显示菜单
export function addServerRoutes(array) {
for (const { id, path, component } of array) {
if (component !== null) {
// 动态添加路由
// 参数1:父路由名称
// 参数2:路由信息对象
router.addRoute('c', {
path: path,
name: id,
component: () => import(`@/views/example15/container/${component}`)
});
}
}
}
在用户注销时应当重置路由
export function resetRouter() {
router.matcher = new VueRouter({ routes }).matcher
}
页面刷新后,会导致动态添加的路由失效,解决方法是将路由数据存入 sessionStorage
<script>
import axios from '@/util/myaxios'
import {resetRouter, addServerRoutes} from '@/router/example15'
const options = {
data() {
return {
username: 'admin'
}
},
methods: {
async login() {
resetRouter(); // 重置路由
const resp = await axios.get(`/api/menu/${this.username}`)
const array = resp.data.data;
// localStorage 即使浏览器关闭,存储的数据仍在
// sessionStorage 以标签页为单位,关闭标签页时,数据被清除
sessionStorage.setItem('serverRoutes', JSON.stringify(array))
addServerRoutes(array); // 动态添加路由
this.$router.push('/');
}
}
}
export default options;
script>
页面刷新,重新创建路由对象时,从 sessionStorage 里恢复路由数据
const router = new VueRouter({
routes
})
// 从 sessionStorage 中恢复路由数据
const serverRoutes = sessionStorage.getItem('serverRoutes');
if(serverRoutes) {
const array = JSON.parse(serverRoutes);
addServerRoutes(array) // 动态添加路由
}
代码部分
<script>
const options = {
mounted() {
const serverRoutes = sessionStorage.getItem('serverRoutes');
const array = JSON.parse(serverRoutes);
const map = new Map();
for(const obj of array) {
map.set(obj.id, obj);
}
const top = [];
for(const obj of array) {
const parent = map.get(obj.pid);
if(parent) {
parent.children ??= [];
parent.children.push(obj);
} else {
top.push(obj);
}
}
this.top = top;
},
data() {
return {
top: []
}
}
}
export default options;
script>
菜单部分
<el-menu router background-color="#545c64" text-color="#fff" active-text-color="#ffd04b" :unique-opened="true">
<template v-for="m1 of top">
<el-submenu v-if="m1.children" :key="m1.id" :index="m1.path">
<span slot="title">
<i :class="m1.icon">i> {{m1.name}}
span>
<el-menu-item v-for="m2 of m1.children" :key="m2.id" :index="m2.path">
<span slot="title">
<i :class="m2.icon">i> {{m2.name}}
span>
el-menu-item>
el-submenu>
<el-menu-item v-else :key="m1.id" :index="m1.path">
<span slot="title">
<i :class="m1.icon">i> {{m1.name}}
span>
el-menu-item>
template>
el-menu>
vuex 可以在多个组件之间共享数据,并且共享的数据是【响应式】的,即数据的变更能及时渲染到模板
首先需要定义 state 与 mutations 他们一个用来读取共享数据,一个用来修改共享数据
src/store/index.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
/*
读取数据,走 state, getters
修改数据,走 mutations, actions
*/
export default new Vuex.Store({
state: {
name: '',
age: 18
},
getters: {
},
mutations: {
updateName(state, name) {
state.name = name;
}
},
actions: {
},
modules: {
}
})
修改共享数据
<template>
<div class="p">
<el-input placeholder="请修改用户姓名"
size="mini" v-model="name">el-input>
<el-button type="primary" size="mini" @click="update()">修改el-button>
div>
template>
<script>
const options = {
methods: {
update(){
this.$store.commit('updateName', this.name);
}
},
data () {
return {
name:''
}
}
}
export default options;
script>
store.commit(mutation方法名, 参数)
来间接调用读取共享数据
<template>
<div class="container">
<el-container>
<el-header>
<div class="t">
欢迎您:{{ $store.state.name }}, {{ $store.state.age }}
div>
el-header>
<el-container>
<el-aside width="200px">
el-aside>
<el-main>
<router-view>router-view>
el-main>
el-container>
el-container>
div>
template>
每次去写 $store.state.name
这样的代码显得非常繁琐,可以用 vuex 帮我们生成计算属性
<template>
<div class="container">
<el-container>
<el-header>
<div class="t">欢迎您:{{ name }}, {{ age }}div>
el-header>
<el-container>
<el-aside width="200px">
el-aside>
<el-main>
<router-view>router-view>
el-main>
el-container>
el-container>
div>
template>
<script>
import { mapState } from 'vuex'
const options = {
computed: {
...mapState(['name', 'age'])
}
}
export default options;
script>
...
展开运算符,填充入 computed 即可使用<template>
<div class="p">
<el-input placeholder="请修改用户姓名"
size="mini" v-model="name">el-input>
<el-button type="primary" size="mini" @click="updateName(name)">修改el-button>
div>
template>
<script>
import {mapMutations} from 'vuex'
const options = {
methods: {
...mapMutations(['updateName'])
},
data () {
return {
name:''
}
}
}
export default options;
script>
mutations 方法内不能包括修改不能立刻生效的代码,否则会造成 Vuex 调试工具工作不准确,必须把这些代码写在 actions 方法中
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
/*
读取数据,走 state, getters
修改数据,走 mutations, actions
*/
import axios from '@/util/myaxios'
export default new Vuex.Store({
state: {
name: '',
age: 18
},
getters: {
},
mutations: {
updateName(state, name) {
state.name = name;
},
// 错误的用法,如果在mutations方法中包含了异步操作,会造成开发工具不准确
/* async updateServerName(state) {
const resp = await axios.get('/api/user');
const {name, age} = resp.data.data;
state.name = name;
state.age = age;
} */
updateServerName(state, user) {
const { name, age } = user;
state.name = name;
state.age = age;
}
},
actions: {
async updateServerName(context) {
const resp = await axios.get('/api/user');
context.commit('updateServerName', resp.data.data)
}
},
modules: {
}
})
页面使用 actions 的方法可以这么写
<template>
<div class="p">
<el-button type="primary" size="mini"
@click="updateServerName()">从服务器获取数据,存入storeel-button>
div>
template>
<script>
import { mapActions } from 'vuex'
const options = {
methods: {
...mapActions(['updateServerName'])
}
}
export default options;
script>
mapActions 会生成调用 actions 中方法的代码
调用 actions 的代码内部等价于,它返回的是 Promise 对象,可以用同步或异步方式接收结果
this.$store.dispatch('action名称', 参数)
课程不准备从头开发一个 Vue 项目,这里我准备采用这样的教学方法:带着大家看一个较为典型的基于 Vue 的项目实现,分析其中几个重点流程
这里选择了 vue-element-admin 这个项目骨架,它采用的技术与我们之前学过的较为契合
git clone https://gitee.com/panjiachen/vue-element-admin.git client-action
cd client-action
git branch -a
git checkout -b i18n remotes/origin/i18n
git config --global url."https://".insteadOf git://
npm install
npm run dev
开发环境下执行下面命令
npm run dev
在开发环境下,后端访问路径起始路径配置在文件 .env.development
中
VUE_APP_BASE_API = '/dev-api'
http://localhost:9527/dev-api
的 mock-server 获得的都是模拟数据VUE_APP_BASE_API = 'http://localhost:8080/api'
发送请求的 axios 工具被封装在 src/utils/request.js 中
import axios from 'axios'
import { MessageBox, Message } from 'element-ui'
import store from '@/store'
import { getToken } from '@/utils/auth'
// create an axios instance
const service = axios.create({
baseURL: process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API, // url = base url + request url
// withCredentials: true, // send cookies when cross-domain requests
timeout: 5000 // request timeout
})
// ...
原有代码的 URI 路径都是这样的:
/vue-element-admin/user/login
/vue-element-admin/user/info
/vue-element-admin/user/logout
...
如果觉得不爽,可以来一个全局替换
/user/login
/user/info
/user/logout
...
token 的请求头修改一下,在 src/utils/request.js 中
...
service.interceptors.request.use(
config => {
// do something before request is sent
if (store.getters.token) {
// let each request carry token
// ['X-Token'] is a custom headers key
// please modify it according to the actual situation
config.headers['Authorization'] = getToken()
}
return config
},
error => {
// do something with request error
console.log(error) // for debug
return Promise.reject(error)
}
)
...
src/views/login/index.vue
<script>
import { validUsername } from '@/utils/validate'
import LangSelect from '@/components/LangSelect'
import SocialSign from './components/SocialSignin'
export default {
// ...
methods: {
handleLogin() {
this.$refs.loginForm.validate(valid => {
if (valid) {
this.loading = true
this.$store.dispatch('user/login', this.loginForm)
.then(() => {
this.$router.push({ path: this.redirect || '/', query: this.otherQuery })
this.loading = false
})
.catch(() => {
this.loading = false
})
} else {
console.log('error submit!!')
return false
}
})
}
// ...
}
}
script>
这里调用了 store 的 actions,user/login
src/router/index.js
的路由表可知,会重定向至 /dashboardsrc/store/modules/user.js
import { login, logout, getInfo } from '@/api/user'
// ...
const actions = {
// user login
login({ commit }, userInfo) {
const { username, password } = userInfo
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
login({ username: username.trim(), password: password }).then(response => {
const { data } = response
commit('SET_TOKEN', data.token)
setToken(data.token)
resolve()
}).catch(error => {
reject(error)
})
})
}
// ...
}
src/api/user.js
,请求成功使用 commit 将 token 存入 mutations,同时往 cookie 存储了一份src/api/user.js
import request from '@/utils/request'
export function login(data) {
return request({
url: '/user/login',
method: 'post',
data
})
}
// ...
src/utils/request.js
import axios from 'axios'
import { MessageBox, Message } from 'element-ui'
import store from '@/store'
import { getToken } from '@/utils/auth'
// create an axios instance
const service = axios.create({
baseURL: process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API, // url = base url + request url
// withCredentials: true, // send cookies when cross-domain requests
timeout: 5000 // request timeout
})
// ...
service.interceptors.response.use(
// ...
response => {
const res = response.data
if (res.code !== 20000) {
// ...
} else {
return res
}
},
error => {
// ...
}
)
export default service
src/permission.js
登录成功后,只是获得了 token,还未获取用户信息,获取用户信息是在路由跳转的 beforeEach 里做的
登录页 Router Store Tomcat login(username,password) login(username,password) token 存储 token 跳转至 / beforeEach getInfo(token) getInfo(token) name,avatar,roles等 存储用户信息 根据roles动态生成路由 登录页 Router Store Tomcat关键代码
import router from './router'
// ...
router.beforeEach(async(to, from, next) => {
// ...
const hasToken = getToken()
if (hasToken) {
if (to.path === '/login') {
// ...
} else {
// ...
const { roles } = await store.dispatch('user/getInfo')
// ...
}
} else {
// ...
}
})
src/store/modules/user.js
这里用其中 getInfo 方法获取用户信息,其中角色返回给 beforeEach
import { login, logout, getInfo } from '@/api/user'
// ...
const actions = {
getInfo({ commit, state }) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
getInfo(state.token).then(response => {
const { data } = response
if (!data) {
reject('Verification failed, please Login again.')
}
const { roles, name, avatar, introduction } = data
if (!roles || roles.length <= 0) {
reject('getInfo: roles must be a non-null array!')
}
commit('SET_ROLES', roles)
commit('SET_NAME', name)
commit('SET_AVATAR', avatar)
commit('SET_INTRODUCTION', introduction)
resolve(data)
}).catch(error => {
reject(error)
})
})
}
}
src/router/index.js
路由表中路由分成两部分,静态路由与动态路由
export const constantRoutes = [
// ...
{
path: '/login',
component: () => import('@/views/login/index'),
hidden: true
},
{
path: '/',
component: Layout,
redirect: '/dashboard',
children: [
{
path: 'dashboard',
component: () => import('@/views/dashboard/index'),
name: 'Dashboard',
meta: { title: 'dashboard', icon: 'dashboard', affix: true }
}
]
}
// ...
]
动态路由
export const asyncRoutes = [
{
path: '/permission',
component: Layout,
redirect: '/permission/page',
alwaysShow: true, // will always show the root menu
name: 'Permission',
meta: {
title: 'permission',
icon: 'lock',
roles: ['admin', 'editor'] // you can set roles in root nav
},
children: [
{
path: 'page',
component: () => import('@/views/permission/page'),
name: 'PagePermission',
meta: {
title: 'pagePermission',
roles: ['admin'] // or you can only set roles in sub nav
}
},
{
path: 'directive',
component: () => import('@/views/permission/directive'),
name: 'DirectivePermission',
meta: {
title: 'directivePermission'
// if do not set roles, means: this page does not require permission
}
},
{
path: 'role',
component: () => import('@/views/permission/role'),
name: 'RolePermission',
meta: {
title: 'rolePermission',
roles: ['admin']
}
}
]
},
{
path: '/icon',
component: Layout,
children: [
{
path: 'index',
component: () => import('@/views/icons/index'),
name: 'Icons',
meta: { title: 'icons', icon: 'icon', noCache: true, roles: ['admin'] }
}
]
}
// ...
}
src/layout/index.vue
它对应的是我们之前介绍的 Container.vue 完成主页布局的,路由路径是 /
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-g3g2YSKr-1681398429528)(D:\2022.js\imgs\image-20220827194047788.png)]
其中又由多部分组成,其中固定不变的是
变化的是中间的 dashboard 部分(AppMain),它由 router-view 配合子路由切换显示
/api/transaction/list
的后台请求报 404,作为练习,把它补充完整9527 打开新窗口,请求 https://gitee.com/oauth/authorize?client_id=${client_id}&redirect_uri=${redirect_uri}&response_type=code
gitee 认证通过,重定向至 8080,并携带 code
8080 发送请求 https://gitee.com/oauth/token
携带 client_id、client_secret、code,gitee 返回 access_token 给 8080
这时走的是 https 协议,并且不经过浏览器,能够保证数据传输的安全性
重定向到 8080 时,如果被有心人拿到了 code,也没事,因为接下来会把 client_secret 发给 gitee 验证(client_secret 应当只存在 8080),只要 client_secret 不泄露,就可以保证安全
如果改成前端拿 code 换 access_token,那就意味着 access_token 得保存在前端,所有保存在前端的都有风险
8080 可以访问 gitee 的 api 了,拿到用户信息,存入数据库,返回 8080 的 token
8080 可以通过 window.opener.postMessage 把 token 给 9527 的老窗口
9527 再走之前的逻辑就可以了,在 router 的 beforeEach 方法里,用 8080 token 换用户信息
首先,在 api 里添加与后端交互的代码:src/api/student.js
import axios from '@/utils/request'
export function all() {
return axios({
url: '/students',
method: 'get'
})
}
export function deleteById(id) {
return axios({
url: `/students/${id}`,
method: 'delete'
})
}
export function update(id, dto) {
return axios({
url: `/students/${id}`,
method: 'put',
data: dto
})
}
export function insert(dto) {
return axios({
url: `/students`,
method: 'post',
data: dto
})
}
然后,添加新的路由:src/router/index.js
export const asyncRoutes = [
// ...
{
path: '/student',
component: Layout,
children: [
{
path: 'index',
component: () => import('@/views/student/index'),
meta: { title: '学生管理', icon: 'el-icon-s-help', roles: ['admin'] }
}
]
},
// ...
]
最后,添加新的视图界面:src/views/student/index.vue
<template>
<div>
<el-table :data="students">
<el-table-column label="编号" prop="id">el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="姓名" prop="name">el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="性别" prop="sex">el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="年龄" prop="age">el-table-column>
<el-table-column fixed="right" label="操作" width="100">
<template slot-scope="scope">
<el-button @click="handleUpdate(scope.row)" type="text" size="small">修改el-button>
<el-button @click="handleDelete(scope.row)" type="text" size="small">删除el-button>
template>
el-table-column>
el-table>
<el-dialog width="22%" :visible.sync="updateDialogVisible">
<el-form :model="updateForm">
<el-form-item label="编号">
<el-input size="mini" :readonly="true" v-model="updateForm.id">el-input>
el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="姓名">
<el-input size="mini" v-model="updateForm.name">el-input>
el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="性别">
<el-select size="mini" v-model="updateForm.sex">
<el-option value="男">el-option>
<el-option value="女">el-option>
el-select>
el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="年龄">
<el-input size="mini" v-model="updateForm.age">el-input>
el-form-item>
<el-form-item>
<el-button type="primary" size="mini" @click="confirmUpdate()">确定el-button>
el-form-item>
el-form>
el-dialog>
div>
template>
<script>
import { all, deleteById, update, insert } from '@/api/student'
const options = {
mounted() {
this.all()
},
data() {
return {
students: [],
updateDialogVisible: false,
updateForm: {
id: 0,
name: '',
sex: '男',
age: 0
}
}
},
methods: {
async confirmUpdate() {
await update(this.updateForm.id, this.updateForm)
this.updateDialogVisible = false
this.all()
},
handleUpdate(row) { // {id, name, sex, age}
this.updateDialogVisible = true
this.updateForm = { ...row }
// this.updateForm = row // 错误写法,不能让他俩指向同一个对象
},
async handleDelete(row) {
try {
await this.$confirm('此操作将永久删除该学生, 是否继续?', '提示', {
confirmButtonText: '确定',
cancelButtonText: '取消',
type: 'warning'
})
await deleteById(row.id)
this.all()
} catch (e) {
console.log('取消删除')
}
},
async all() {
const { data } = await all()
this.students = data
}
}
}
export default options
script>
<style scoped>
.el-input,
.el-select {
width: 180px;
}
style>