2020-12-14每日美文阅读和英语学习(第259天)

英语学习


The Strong Association between Colors and Emotions


Colors may be universally associated with certain emotions, a study has found.

Red is pinned to love or anger, blue to sadness or black to death, and similar links appear to exist in other parts of the world.

Even where colors weren't solidly attributed to a single emotion, nearly all of them were either mostly good or mostly bad regardless of where people lived.

But on a smaller, more detailed scale there were nuances which researchers said they could use to predict which country someone came from.

色彩和情感之间的强烈联系

一项研究发现,颜色可能普遍与某些情绪有关。

红色代表爱或愤怒,蓝色代表悲伤或黑色代表死亡,类似的联系似乎存在于世界其他地方。

即使颜色不是单一的情感所决定的,几乎所有的颜色要么是好的,要么是坏的,不管人们住在哪里。

但在更小、更详细的尺度上,研究人员表示,他们可以利用这些细微差别来预测某人来自哪个国家。

Scientists carried out their research on 711 people.

The participants all came from either the UK, Germany, Greece or China, and answered to rate how colors made them feel.

The colors included in the study were white, black, grey, red, yellow, green, blue, orange, purple, pink, brown and turquoise.

They were shown to people in word form rather than images because the study was done online and researchers need to be sure screens were showing the same.

And people ranked how closely they linked them to the following emotions: anger, interest, amusement, pride, joy, pleasure, contentment,

admiration, love, relief, compassion, sadness, guilt, regret, shame, disappointment, fear, disgust, contempt or hate.

The researchers, led by Johannes Gutenber University's Dr Daniel Oberfeld, wrote:

"Red is associated with both positive and negative emotions while black is unambiguously associated with negative emotions.

科学家们对711人进行了研究。

参与者都来自英国、德国、希腊或中国,他们回答了颜色给他们带来的感受。

研究中的颜色包括白色、黑色、灰色、红色、黄色、绿色、蓝色、橙色、紫色、粉色、棕色和绿松石色。

他们是以单词的形式而不是图片的形式展示给人们的,因为这项研究是在网上进行的,研究人员需要确保屏幕上显示的是相同的。

人们对他们与以下情绪的联系程度进行了排名:愤怒、兴趣、娱乐、骄傲、快乐、快乐、满足,

钦佩、爱、解脱、同情、悲伤、内疚、后悔、羞耻、失望、恐惧、厌恶、轻蔑或憎恨。

由约翰尼斯·古腾伯大学的丹尼尔·奥伯菲尔德博士领导的研究人员写道:

“红色与积极和消极的情绪有关,而黑色则明确地与消极情绪联系在一起。

Other colors which had strong associations across countries were pink with love, grey with disappointment or sadness and orange with joy or pleasure.

Almost all the colors, even if they didn't have a solid link to one emotion, were either overwhelmingly good or bad —

with the exception of red, which was linked to both anger and love, and purple and brown, which were neither.

Dr Oberfeld's team added: "Particularly strong color-emotion associations were observed for red, black, and pink, and particularly weak associations were observed for brown and purple.

Across the 240 color-emotion pairs, the strongest association was found between the emotion love and the color term red."

其他颜色在各个国家都有很强的联想力,粉色代表爱情,灰色代表失望或悲伤,橙色代表快乐或快乐。

几乎所有的颜色,即使它们与一种情感没有紧密的联系,也绝大多数是好的或坏的-

除了红色与愤怒和爱有关,紫色和棕色则两者都不是。

奥伯菲尔德博士的研究小组补充道:“在红色、黑色和粉红色中,观察到了强烈的颜色情感关联,而在棕色和紫色中观察到了特别弱的联想。

在240对颜色情感对中,发现情感爱和颜色术语红色之间的联系最强

美文阅读笔记

㈠“凡专一业之人,必有心得,亦必有疑义。”这是一句看似平常的话。

这句话的重点不在于“心得”,而在于“疑义”。

做任何行当,全身心投入,结局往往是爱上这个行当。情人眼里出西施,而能够跳出来思考,产生“疑义”,挺难。

更难的是,有了“疑义”,能不强装大师,不故步自封,实事求是;更能草船借箭,用他山之石攻玉,因“疑义”而进一步钻研,因“疑义”而更上一层楼,成为真正的大师。

㈡一个黑夜,当我顶风冒雪走回家的时候,一阵狂风迫使我到一棵树下躲避。但是不久天就晴了,群星光芒从消散的云层后边倾泻出来。看到这些星星以柔和的光辉注满夜晚,我对它们的明亮感到惊讶,于是我在它们的陪伴下往前走;大角星跟随我,时而被一棵茂密的树遮掩,光亮忽明忽暗,然后又以胜利者的姿态出现——西边天空的主宰。当我在自己脚步声的寂静中沿着道路前进的时候,我的思想在星座中间。

我是这个星光灿烂的宇宙的许多王子之中的一个,在我的身上也会有一些东西,不是低贱、卑微、无足轻重的。

㈢心理学家发现,人们对既有缺点也有优点的人的印象,不如没有缺点也没有优点的人。这在道德评价上尤其明显。有句老话,“一朝为贼,终生为贼”,也就是说,你只要做过一件坏事,这污点就一辈子都很难洗清。反过来,哪怕你做了一辈子好事,可如果有朝一日做了一件坏事,那舆论就会纷纷说“某人的形象轰然倒塌”。


  我们之所以有负面偏好心理,是因为坏事对生存和繁衍的影响更大。如果没注意到一件好事,比如没看见村东口结了一树好果子,那当然很遗憾,但也许还能到村西边填饱肚子。可如果你没注意到一件坏事,比如没看见村东口草丛里伏着一头饿虎,那你恐怕就没机会再去村西边碰运气了。


  尤其在人类进化的过程中,危机四伏,生活困难,环境艰苦,除了吃人的猛兽,你还得注意其他部落的袭击、本部落的仇杀、灾荒的迹象、疾病的征兆,这些都是影响生存和繁衍的大事。不能对坏事做出迅捷的反应,相关基因就很难遗传下来。负面偏好其实是进化赋予我们祖先的一件利器,它有效地帮助了人类的生存和繁衍。

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