华为路由器：多区域OSPF协议实验
一、实验拓扑
二、ospf基本概念复习
- 区域划分：
area0为骨干区域，其他area1、area2都为普通区域/常规区域。普通区域必须和骨干区域直接相连。 - ABR：区域边界路由器。R2、R3位于两个区域的中间，我们称之为
区域边界路由器；ABR用来链接骨干区域和普通区域。 - ASBR ：自制系统边界路由器。进行了重新分布操作的路由器。例如上图中的R5链接着两个自制系统，我们把R5称作
自制系统边界路由器，自制系统边界路由器用来链接ospf的AS与外部其他的路由。 - route id：表示ospf的路由器身份ID，身份ID不能重复。一般在配置时都会指定route id。如果没有指定则进行选举。华为的路由器比较特殊，它会选举最先配置好的接口。这个实验我们没有指定route id。手动指定route id：
[AR2]router id 2.2.2.2 #手动指定route id
[AR2]q
<AR2>reset ospf process #重启ospf进程，使route id生效
- ospf的路由优先级：preference默认为10，可以手动修改 。
三、实验步骤
AR1
先按照拓扑图配好IP
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys AR1
[AR1]int s4/0/0
[AR1-Serial4/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1 24
[AR1-Serial4/0/0]q
[AR1]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[AR1]
[AR1]int lo 0
[AR1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24
配置ospf协议
把R1换回也配置到area 1内。
[AR1]ospf 1 #1为自治系统ID
[AR1-ospf-1]area 1 #自治系统内的区域ID
[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 #将12.1.1.0网段宣告到area 1区域
[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
AR2
先按照拓扑图配好IP
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys AR2
[AR2]int s4/0/0
[AR2-Serial4/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24
[AR2-Serial4/0/0]q
[AR2]un in en
[AR2]int g0/0/0
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 23.1.1.2 24
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[AR2]int LoopBack 0
[AR2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 24
[AR2-LoopBack0]q
[AR2]
配置ospf协议
把R2换回也配置到area 0内。
[AR2]ospf 1
[AR2-ospf-1]area 1
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[AR2-ospf-1]area 0
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
AR3
先按照拓扑图配好IP
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys AR3
[AR3]int g0/0/0
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 23.1.1.3 24
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[AR3]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[AR3]int g0/0/1
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.3 24
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[AR3]int LoopBack 0
[AR3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 24
配置ospf协议
把R3换回也配置到area 0内。
[AR3]ospf 1
[AR3-ospf-1]area 0
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[AR3-ospf-1]area 2
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
AR4
先按照拓扑图配好IP
<Huawei>
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys AR4
[AR4]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[AR4]int g0/0/0
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.4 24
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[AR4]int LoopBack 0
[AR4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24
[AR4-LoopBack0]
配置ospf协议
把R4换回也配置到area 2内。
[AR4]ospf 1
[AR4-ospf-1]area 2
[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 4.4.4.0 0.0.0.255
[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
AR5
先按照拓扑图配好IP
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys AR5
[AR5]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[AR5]int g0/0/0
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.5 24
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[AR5]int LoopBack 0
[AR5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24
[AR5-LoopBack0]q
[AR5]int LoopBack 1
[AR5-LoopBack1]ip add 8.8.8.8 24
R5配置ospf协议
把R5换回也配置到area 2内。
<AR5>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[AR5]
[AR5]ospf 1
[AR5-ospf-1]area 2
[AR5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[AR5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 5.5.5.0 0.0.0.255
[AR5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
等下再做RIP
检测ospf的连通性
在R1上ping 192.168.1.5
[AR1]ping 192.168.1.5
PING 192.168.1.5: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 192.168.1.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=170 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=50 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=50 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=50 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=60 ms
--- 192.168.1.5 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 50/76/170 ms
查看R1的整个路由表
<AR1>dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 17 Routes : 17
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
1.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 1.1.1.1 LoopBack0
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
1.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 48 D 12.1.1.2 Serial4/0/0
3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 49 D 12.1.1.2 Serial4/0/0
4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 50 D 12.1.1.2 Serial4/0/0
5.5.5.5/32 OSPF 10 50 D 12.1.1.2 Serial4/0/0
12.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.1 Serial4/0/0
12.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial4/0/0
12.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.2 Serial4/0/0
12.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial4/0/0
23.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 49 D 12.1.1.2 Serial4/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10 50 D 12.1.1.2 Serial4/0/0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
只想查看ospf协议的路由，可以加参数protocol，后面在跟ospf
<AR1>dis ip routing-table protocol ?
bgp Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routes
direct Direct routes
isis IS-IS routing protocol defined by ISO
ospf Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routes
rip Routing Information Protocol (RIP) routes
static Static routes
unr User network routes
<AR1>dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 6 Routes : 6
OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 6 Routes : 6
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 48 D 12.1.1.2 Serial4/0/0
3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 49 D 12.1.1.2 Serial4/0/0
4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 50 D 12.1.1.2 Serial4/0/0
5.5.5.5/32 OSPF 10 50 D 12.1.1.2 Serial4/0/0
23.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 49 D 12.1.1.2 Serial4/0/0
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10 50 D 12.1.1.2 Serial4/0/0
OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
<AR1>
查看邻居表
[AR1]dis ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.1 Serial4/0/0 23.1.1.2 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------