探索早期数据库模型

Exploring Early Database Models
探索早期数据库模型
Before the advent of databases, the only way to store data was from unrelated files.
在数据库出现之前，存储数据的唯一方法是来自不相关的文件。
Programmers had to go to great lengths to extract the data, and their programs had to perform complex parsing and relating.
程序员必须竭尽全力提取数据，他们的程序必须执行复杂的解析和关联。
Languages such as Perl, with its powerful regular expressions ideal for processing text, have made the job a lot easier than before; however, accessing the data from files is still a challenging task.
像Perl这样的语言，其强大的正则表达式非常适合处理文本，使这项工作比以前容易得多; 然而，从文件中访问数据仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。
Without a standard way to access data, systems are more prone to errors, are slower to develop, and are more difficult to maintain.
如果没有标准的数据访问方式，系统更容易出错，开发速度较慢，维护起来也更加困难。
Data redundancy (where data is duplicated unnecessarily) and poor data integrity (where data is not changed in all locations, leading to wrong or outdated data being supplied) are frequent consequences of the file access method of data storage.
数据冗余 (数据不必要地重复) 和数据完整性差 (数据不会在所有位置发生变化，导致提供错误或过时的数据)是数据存储的文件访问方法的常见后果。 。
For these reasons, database management systems (DBMSs) were developed to provide a standard and reliable way to access and update data.
由于这些原因，开发了数据库管理系统 (DBMSs) 以提供一种标准且可靠的方式来访问和更新数据。
They provide an intermediary layer between the application and the data, and the programmer is able to concentrate on developing the application, rather than worrying about data access issues.
它们在应用程序和数据之间提供了一个中介层，程序员能够专注于开发应用程序，而不是担心数据访问问题。
A database model is a logical model concerned with how the data is represented.
数据库模型是与数据表示方式有关的逻辑模型。
Instead of database designers worrying about the physical storage of data, the database model allows them to look at a higher, more conceptual level, reducing the gap between the real-world problem for which the application is being developed and the technical implementation.
数据库模型允许他们看到一个更高的、更概念化的层次，缩小正在开发应用程序的现实问题与技术实施之间的差距，而不是数据库设计人员担心数据的物理存储。

There are a number of database models. The next two articles cover two common models; the hierarchical database model and the network database model.

有许多数据库模型。接下来的两篇文章介绍了两种常见的模型。该层次模型和网络数据库模型。
After that comes the one MariaDB, along with most modern DBMSs uses, the relational model.
之后，MariaDB和大多数现代DBMSs一起使用了关系模型。