在学习到"8.6 将函数存储在模块中"部分时候，由于我用的是jupyter notebook，不能像教材上的操作进行，于是网络上找到了解决的办法，记录如下。
注释：python开发环境jupyter notebook良好的交互式和模块化受到很多python开发人员的青睐，但是jupyter notebook是以json格式保存文件内容的，而不是python文件那样的普通格式，所以不能直接被python解析器解析，如何调用.ipynb中的module也成为一个问题。本文介绍一种方法，使得只要在我们的工作目录下放置一个python文件，就可以正常调用其他jupyter notebook文件。
A. 教材上的操作：
- 创建一个包含函数make_pizza()的模块，并命名为pizza.py，代码如下：
def make_pizza(size, *toppings):
print("\nMaking a " + str(size) +
"-inch pizza with the following topping:")
for topping in toppings:
print("- " + topping)
- 然后在pizza.py所在的目录中创建另一个名为making_pizzas.py的文件，将这个文件导入刚创建的模块。
import pizza
pizza.make_pizza(16,"pepperoni")
pizza.make_pizza(12, "mushrooms","green peppers","extra cheese")
B. Jupyter解决办法：***
这种方法的本质就是使用一个jupyter notenook解析器先对.ipynb文件进行解析，把文件内的各个模块加载到内存里供其他python文件调用。
- 添加jupyter notebook解析文件
首先，创建一个python文件，例如Ipynb_importer.py，代码略长，附在文后。 - 调用jupyter notebook module
首先，在jupyter notebook文件里调用Ipynb_importer.py，然后，们就可以像调用普通python文件一样调用其他.ipynb文件里的module了。
import Ipynb_importer
import pizza
pizza.make_pizza(16,"pepperoni")
pizza.make_pizza(12, "mushrooms","green peppers","extra cheese")
Ipynb_importer.py 代码：
import io, os,sys,types
from IPython import get_ipython
from nbformat import read
from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
class NotebookFinder(object):
"""Module finder that locates Jupyter Notebooks"""
def __init__(self):
self.loaders = {}
def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
nb_path = find_notebook(fullname, path)
if not nb_path:
return
key = path
if path:
# lists aren't hashable
key = os.path.sep.join(path)
if key not in self.loaders:
self.loaders[key] = NotebookLoader(path)
return self.loaders[key]
def find_notebook(fullname, path=None):
"""find a notebook, given its fully qualified name and an optional path
This turns "foo.bar" into "foo/bar.ipynb"
and tries turning "Foo_Bar" into "Foo Bar" if Foo_Bar
does not exist.
"""
name = fullname.rsplit('.', 1)[-1]
if not path:
path = ['']
for d in path:
nb_path = os.path.join(d, name + ".ipynb")
if os.path.isfile(nb_path):
return nb_path
# let import Notebook_Name find "Notebook Name.ipynb"
nb_path = nb_path.replace("_", " ")
if os.path.isfile(nb_path):
return nb_path
class NotebookLoader(object):
"""Module Loader for Jupyter Notebooks"""
def __init__(self, path=None):
self.shell = InteractiveShell.instance()
self.path = path
def load_module(self, fullname):
"""import a notebook as a module"""
path = find_notebook(fullname, self.path)
print ("importing Jupyter notebook from %s" % path)
# load the notebook object
with io.open(path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
nb = read(f, 4)
# create the module and add it to sys.modules
# if name in sys.modules:
# return sys.modules[name]
mod = types.ModuleType(fullname)
mod.__file__ = path
mod.__loader__ = self
mod.__dict__['get_ipython'] = get_ipython
sys.modules[fullname] = mod
# extra work to ensure that magics that would affect the user_ns
# actually affect the notebook module's ns
save_user_ns = self.shell.user_ns
self.shell.user_ns = mod.__dict__
try:
for cell in nb.cells:
if cell.cell_type == 'code':
# transform the input to executable Python
code = self.shell.input_transformer_manager.transform_cell(cell.source)
# run the code in themodule
exec(code, mod.__dict__)
finally:
self.shell.user_ns = save_user_ns
return mod
sys.meta_path.append(NotebookFinder())
参考资料：
- 调用jupyter notebook文件内的函数一种简单方法
- Importing Jupyter Notebooks as Modules