目录
- ansible playbook include
- include
- include_tasks
- include_asks基本使用
- include_tasks使用tags
- import_tasks使用
- include_tasks和import_task区别一
- include_tasks和import_task区别二
- include_tasks和import_task区别三
- 文章转自
ansible playbook include
include
当项目越大，tasks越多的时候。如果将多有的task写入一个playbook中，可读性很差，就需要重新组织playbook
可以把一个playbook分成若干份晓得palybook文件，在主配置文件中，把小文件引入进来，就是include
include tasks
[root@node1 ansible]# mkdir tasks
[root@node1 ansible]# cd tasks
[root@node1 tasks]# vim host.yml
[root@node1 tasks]#
- name: modify hostname
hostname:
name: test.example.com[root@node1 tasks]# vim dns.yml
- name: modify resolv.conf
copy:
src: files.resolv.conf
dest: /etc/resolv.conf
- name: /etc/resolvconf/base
copy:
src: files.resolv.conf
dest: /etc/resolv.conf
when: ansible_distribution == "Ubuntu"[root@node1 tasks]# mkdir files
[root@node1 tasks]# vim files/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 8.8.4.4[root@node1 tasks]# cd ../
[root@node1 ansible]# vim main.yml
- hosts: demo2.example.com
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "start tasks"
- include: tasks/host.yml
- include: tasks/dns.yml
- debug:
msg: "执行结束"执行
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook main.yml
TASK [debug] **************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [demo2.example.com] => {
"msg": "start tasks"
}
TASK [modify hostname] ****************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [modify resolv.conf] *************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [/etc/resolvconf/base] ***********************************************************************************************************************
skipping: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [debug] **************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [demo2.example.com] => {
"msg": "执行结束"
}检查：
也可以引入handlers
[root@node1 ansible]# vim tasks/nginx.yml
- name: install nginx
yum:
name: nginx
state: present
- name: mpdify nginx.conf
template:
src: templates/nginx.conf.j2
dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
notify:
- restart nginx
- name: start nginx
systemd:
name: nginx
state: started
enabled: yes[root@node1 ansible]# vim tasks/handlers.yml
- name: restart nginx
systemd:
name: nginx
state: restarted[root@node1 ansible]# vim main.yml
- hosts: demo2.example.com
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "start tasks"
- include: tasks/host.yml
- include: tasks/dns.yml
- include: tasks/nginx.yml
- debug:
msg: "执行结束"
handlers:
- include: tasks/handlers.ymlinclude_tasks
include_asks基本使用
在前面尝试使用的是include，但是在后续版本，可能会取消这种方式，使用include_tasks这总方式开始引入
include可以包含tasks，handlers，playbook，incelude_task专门用来包含tasks
[root@node1 ansible]# vim main.yml
- hosts: demo2.example.com
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "start tasks"
- include_tasks: tasks/host.yml
- include_tasks: tasks/dns.yml
- include_tasks: tasks/nginx.yml
- debug:
msg: "执行结束"
handlers:
- include_tasks: tasks/handlers.yml执行
TASK [debug] **************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [demo2.example.com] => {
"msg": "start tasks"
}
TASK [include_tasks] ******************************************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/tasks/host.yml for demo2.example.com
TASK [modify hostname] ****************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [include_tasks] ******************************************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/tasks/dns.yml for demo2.example.com
TASK [modify resolv.conf] *************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [/etc/resolvconf/base] ***********************************************************************************************************************
skipping: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [include_tasks] ******************************************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/tasks/nginx.yml for demo2.example.com
TASK [install nginx] ******************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [start nginx] ********************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [debug] **************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [demo2.example.com] => {
"msg": "执行结束"
}当我们使用include_tasks，本身会被当做一个tasks，这个task会把文件输入到控制台中，inclue是透明的，include_tasks是可见的。更像是一个任务，这个任我包含了其他的一些任任务，
在ansible2.7之中，include_task还加入了新的参数
include_tasks:
file: in.ymlinclude_tasks使用tags
如果为include添加tags，那么tags是对include中的所有任务生效的，所以当调用include的tag时，include中的所有任务都会执行
但是对include_tasks添加tag，只会对include_tasks本身生效，include_tasks中的所有任务都不生效
- hosts: demo2.example.com
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "start tasks"
- include_tasks:
file: tasks/host.yml
tags: host
- include_tasks:
file: tasks/dns.yml
tags: dns
- include_tasks:
file: tasks/nginx.yml
tags: nginx
- debug:
msg: "执行结束"
handlers:
- include_tasks: tasks/handlers.yml[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook main.yml --tags="host"
PLAY [demo2.example.com] **************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [include_tasks] ******************************************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/tasks/host.yml for demo2.example.com
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************
demo2.example.com : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0只执行自己本身，里面的任务并没有执行
若要执行include_tasks里面的任务，就需要为执行文件打tags
- hosts: demo2.example.com
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "start tasks"
- include_tasks:
file: tasks/host.yml
apply:
tags: H1
tags: always #这里必须指定always，因为host.yml执行前提是，include_tasks执行
- include_tasks:
file: tasks/dns.yml
tags: dns
- include_tasks:
file: tasks/nginx.yml
tags: nginx
- debug:
msg: "执行结束"
handlers:
- include_tasks: tasks/handlers.yml执行
root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook main.yml --tags="H1"
PLAY [demo2.example.com] **************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [include_tasks] ******************************************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/tasks/host.yml for demo2.example.com
TASK [modify hostname] ****************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [demo2.example.com]
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************
demo2.example.com : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0import_tasks使用
import_tasks include_task用法类似，都是包含一个任务列表
[root@node1 ansible]# vim main.yml
- hosts: demo2.example.com
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "start tasks"
- include_tasks:
file: tasks/host.yml
apply:
tags: H1
tags: always
- import_tasks: tasks/dns.yml
tags: dns
- include_tasks:
file: tasks/nginx.yml
tags: nginx
- debug:
msg: "执行结束"
handlers:
- include_tasks: tasks/handlers.yml[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook main.yml --tags="dns"
include_tasks和import_task区别一
当执行import_task的tags的时候，对应的文件的任务也会执行，但是自己本身是透明的，和include一样
PLAY [demo2.example.com] **************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [include_tasks] ******************************************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/tasks/host.yml for demo2.example.com
TASK [modify resolv.conf] *************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [/etc/resolvconf/base] ***********************************************************************************************************************
skipping: [demo2.example.com]
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************
demo2.example.com : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0import_tasks是静态的，被import的文件，在被playbook加载时就预处理了，include_tasks是动态的，被include的文件在playbook运行后，才开始处理
[root@node1 ansible]# cat import_ex.yml
- hosts: demo2.example.com
gather_facts: no
vars:
file_name: tasks/host.yml
tasks:
- include_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"
- import_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"执行
PLAY [demo2.example.com] **************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [include_tasks] ******************************************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/tasks/host.yml for demo2.example.com
TASK [modify hostname] ****************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [modify hostname] ****************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [demo2.example.com]
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************
demo2.example.com : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0修改配置
[root@node1 ansible]# cat import_ex.yml
- hosts: demo2.example.com
gather_facts: no
#vars:
# file_name: tasks/host.yml
tasks:
- set_facts:
file_name: tasks/host.yml
- include_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"
#- import_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook import_ex.yml
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook import_ex.yml
PLAY [demo2.example.com] **************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [set_fact] ***********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [include_tasks] ******************************************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/tasks/host.yml for demo2.example.com
TASK [modify hostname] ****************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [demo2.example.com]
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************
demo2.example.com : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0但是使用import就会报错，原因是include在运行之后加载，但是import在运行之前加载，运行playbook之前，是没有file_name的参数选项，报错
[root@node1 ansible]# vim import_ex.yml
[root@node1 ansible]# cat import_ex.yml
- hosts: demo2.example.com
gather_facts: no
#vars:
# file_name: tasks/host.yml
tasks:
- set_facts:
file_name: tasks/host.yml
#- include_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"
- import_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook import_ex.yml
ERROR! Error when evaluating variable in import path: {{ file_name }}.
When using static imports, ensure that any variables used in their names are defined in vars/vars_files
or extra-vars passed in from the command line. Static imports cannot use variables from facts or inventory
sources like group or host vars.include_tasks和import_task区别二
如果想对包含的列表进行循环操作，只能使用include_tasks。import_task不支持循环操作，即loop对include内容进行循环操作时，只能使用include_tasks，不能使用import_task
[root@node1 ansible]# cat import_ex.yml
- hosts: demo2.example.com
gather_facts: no
vars:
file_name: tasks/host.yml
tasks:
#- set_fact:
# file_name: tasks/host.yml
- include_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"
- import_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"
loop:
- 1
- 2执行
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook import_ex.yml
ERROR! You cannot use loops on 'import_tasks' statements. You should use 'include_tasks' instead.
The error appears to be in '/etc/ansible/import_ex.yml': line 9, column 7, but may
be elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.
The offending line appears to be:
- include_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"
- import_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"
^ here
We could be wrong, but this one looks like it might be an issue with
missing quotes. Always quote template expression brackets when they
start a value. For instance:
with_items:
- {{ foo }}
Should be written as:
with_items:
- "{{ foo }}"使用include_tasks
[root@node1 ansible]# cat import_ex.yml
- hosts: demo2.example.com
gather_facts: no
vars:
file_name: tasks/host.yml
tasks:
#- set_fact:
# file_name: tasks/host.yml
- include_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"
loop:
- 1
- 2
- import_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"执行
PLAY [demo2.example.com] **************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [include_tasks] ******************************************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/tasks/host.yml for demo2.example.com
included: /etc/ansible/tasks/host.yml for demo2.example.com
TASK [modify hostname] ****************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [modify hostname] ****************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [modify hostname] ****************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [demo2.example.com]
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************
demo2.example.com : ok=5 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0include_tasks和import_task区别三
在使用when的条件判断时，有着本质的区别
当include_tasks使用when时候，when只针对include_tasks任务本身，当执行被包含的认识时，不会对包含的任务进行条件判断
当import_tasks使用when时，when对应的条件会被用于import的每一个任务，当执行import的任务时，会对每一个包含的任务进行条件判断
[root@node1 ansible]# vim import_ex.yml
- hosts: demo2.example.com
gather_facts: no
vars:
file_name: tasks/host.yml
num: 1
tasks:
- include_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"
when: num == 1
- set_fact:
num: 1
- import_tasks: "{{ file_name }}"
when: num == 1执行
[root@node1 ansible]# vim tasks/host.yml
- name: modify num to 0
set_fact:
num: 0
- name: modify hostname
hostname:
name: test.example.com[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook import_ex.yml
PLAY [demo2.example.com] **************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [include_tasks] ******************************************************************************************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/tasks/host.yml for demo2.example.com #include满足条件，自己本身任务执行
TASK [modify num to 0] ****************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [demo2.example.com] #包含的第一个任务执行
TASK [modify hostname] ****************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [demo2.example.com] #包含的第二个任务执行
TASK [set_fact] ***********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [demo2.example.com]
TASK [modify num to 0] ****************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [demo2.example.com] #import第一个满足条件执行，这是num设为0
TASK [modify hostname] ****************************************************************************************************************************
skipping: [demo2.example.com] #第二个任务在进行比较，不满足，直接跳过
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************
demo2.example.com : ok=5 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0在include只要条件满足，就会全部执行包含的内容，import_tasks会对每一个任务做判断，在确定是否执行
文章转自
https://www.cnblogs.com/zyxnhr/p/12819241.html