前面已经学了eureka服务注册与发现,但是结合eureka集群的服务调用没学。
这里的话 就要用到Ribbon,结合eureka,来实现服务的调用;
Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器,它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后,Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法,自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多负载均衡算法,例如轮询、随机等。当然,我们也可为Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
在Spring Cloud中,当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时,Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表,并基于负载均衡算法,请求其中一个服务提供者实例。展示了Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时的架构。
Ribbon是客户端负载均衡,所以肯定集成消费端,也就是consumer端
修改microservice-student-consumer-80
pom.xml 加入 ribbon相关依赖
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-eureka
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-ribbon
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-config
在application.yml加
server:
port: 80
context-path: /
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.wr.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.wr.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.wr.com:2003/eureka/
register-with-eureka: false
ribbon结合eureka来调用服务提供者;
SpringCloudConfig 要加个负载均衡配置 @LoadBalanced
因为和eureka整合,所以启动类StudentConsumerApplication_80 加个注解 @EnableEurekaClient
在服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001的application.yml加下配置,指定下应用名称:
application:
name: microservice-student
要修改下StudentConsumerController的PRE_HOST,改成指定的微服务应用名称;
我们的微服务应用名称是 microservice-student
所以服务调用者这边的控制器里PRE_HOST改成 http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT即可;
MICROSERVICE-STUDENT为Eureka注册中心的应用名称
上面配置好后,就可以测试啦
先启动三个eureka,然后再启动服务提供者,再启动服务消费者;
按照microservice-student-provider-1001建立一个microservice-student-provider子项目,然后将microservice-student-provider-1001这个子项目干掉;
把之前microservice-student-provider-1001中的包都copy到microservice-student-provider中
然后相关pom
4.0.0
com.wr
T237microservice
1.0-SNAPSHOT
microservice-student-provider
1.8
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-test
test
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
mysql
mysql-connector-java
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-tomcat
com.alibaba
druid-spring-boot-starter
com.wr
microservice-common
1.0-SNAPSHOT
compile
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-eureka
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-config
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-actuator
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-maven-plugin
application.yml
---
server:
port: 1001
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 1234
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
application:
name: microservice-student
profiles: provider-1001
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
appname: microservice-student
instance-id: microservice-student:1001
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.wr.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.wr.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.wr.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.wr.testSpringcloud
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: http://wr.com
phone: 123456
---
server:
port: 1002
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 1234
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
application:
name: microservice-student
profiles: provider-1002
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
appname: microservice-student
instance-id: microservice-student:1002
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.wr.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.wr.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.wr.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.wr.testSpringcloud
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1002
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: http://wr.com
phone: 123456
---
server:
port: 1003
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 1234
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
application:
name: microservice-student
profiles: provider-1003
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
appname: microservice-student
instance-id: microservice-student:1003
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.wr.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.wr.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.wr.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.wr.testSpringcloud
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1003
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: http://wr.com
phone: 123456
启动类
package com.wr.microservicestudentprovider;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@EntityScan("com.wr.*.*")
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
StudentProviderController.java
@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";
}
StudentConsumerController.java
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT + "/student/ribbon", String.class);
}
最后配置,启动(先启动注册中心,然后启动服务生产者,最后启动服务消费者)
前面只是一个初步的例子,还没真正的用到ribbon负载均衡,现在先搞三个服务提供者集群
最后测试结果
eureka注册中心: http://eureka2001.wr.com:2001/
服务生产者:
服务消费者:http://localhost/student/list
http://localhost/student/ribbon
如果此时断了一个服务生产者Provider1001Application,在执行http://localhost/student/ribbon时可能连接的是1001生产者的话就会宕机
在执行http://localhost/student/list时也是如此
这种默认的轮询策略是不能满足实际需求的,比如有3个服务提供者,突然挂了一个,这样的话,默认轮询 ,总有1/3的概率访问失败; 所以我们看下ribbon默认给我们提供的策略有哪些??
我们这里用自定义轮询算法
服务消费端 SpringCloudConfig配置类
指定IRule实现;
声明式服务调用Feign简单介绍下;
Feign是一个声明式的Web Service客户端,它使得编写Web Serivce客户端变得更加简单。我们只需要使用Feign来创建一个接口并用注解来配置它既可完成。它具备可插拔的注解支持,包括Feign注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign也支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Spring Cloud为Feign增加了对Spring MVC注解的支持,还整合了Ribbon和Eureka来提供均衡负载的HTTP客户端实现。
这段话看起来比较官方,这里说下实际使用,前面Ribbon调用服务提供者,我们通过restTemplate调用,缺点是,多个地方调用,同一个请求要写多次,不方便统一维护,这时候Feign来了,就直接把请求统一搞一个service作为FeignClient,然后其他调用Controller需要用到的,直接注入service,直接调用service方法即可;同时Feign整合了Ribbon和Eureka,所以要配置负载均衡的话,直接配置Ribbon即可,无其他特殊地方;当然Fiegn也整合了服务容错保护,断路器Hystrix,后面再说。
1、在common项目里建一个service(实际项目肯定是多个service)作为Feign客户端,用Feign客户端来调用服务器提供者,当然可以配置负载均衡;Feign客户端定义的目的,就是为了方便给其他项目调用;
修改 microservice-common
pom.xml引入Feign依赖:
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-feign
我们定义了 FeignClient,同时指定了调用的服务名称MICROSERVICE-STUDENT
common项目修改后,maven clean下 然后install下;
新建StudentClientService接口;
package com.wr.microservicecommon.service;
import com.wr.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Student Feign接口客户端
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@FeignClient(value="MICROSERVICE-STUDENT")
public interface StudentClientService {
/**
* 根据id查询学生信息
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
/**
* 查询学生信息
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/list")
public List list();
/**
* 添加或者修改学生信息
* @param student
* @return
*/
@PostMapping(value="/student/save")
public boolean save(Student student);
/**
* 根据id删除学生信息
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
@RequestMapping("/student/ribbon")
public String ribbon();
}
新建一个Feign消费者项目;
参考microservice-student-consumer-80建一个microservice-student-consumer-feign-80
代码都复制一份,包括pom.xml
Pom依赖
4.0.0
com.wr
T237microservice
1.0-SNAPSHOT
microservice-student-consumer-feign-80
1.8
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-test
test
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
mysql
mysql-connector-java
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-tomcat
org.springframework
springloaded
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-devtools
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-eureka
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-ribbon
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-config
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-feign
com.wr
microservice-common
1.0-SNAPSHOT
compile
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-maven-plugin
SpringCloudConfig.java
package com.wr.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.config;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
@LoadBalanced // 引入ribbon负载均衡
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
/**
* 自定义调用规则(服务提供者掉线后不再调用,解决轮询问题)
* @return
*/
@Bean
public IRule myRule(){
return new RetryRule();
// return new RandomRule();
}
}
yml文件
server:
port: 80
context-path: /
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.javaxl.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.javaxl.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.javaxl.com:2003/eureka/
register-with-eureka: false
修改启动类
package com.wr.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.wr.*.*")
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application.class, args);
}
}
StudentConsumerController.java
package com.wr.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.controller;
import com.wr.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.wr.microservicecommon.service.StudentClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {
@Autowired
private StudentClientService studentClientService;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@PostMapping(value = "/save")
private boolean save(Student student) {
return studentClientService.save(student);
}
@GetMapping(value = "/list")
public List list() {
return studentClientService.list();
}
@GetMapping(value = "/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
return studentClientService.get(id);
}
@GetMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
try {
studentClientService.delete(id);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return studentClientService.ribbon();
}
}
因为用Fiegn,把restTemplate去掉,改成注入service,调用service方法来实现服务的调用;
最后测试负载均衡;
结果和上图一致,只是当其中一个服务宕机了,就直接调用其他两个还可以继续使用。