Springcloud之Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务

文章目录

  • 1、微服务调用Ribbon
    • 简介
    • 初步应用
  • 2、Ribbon负载均衡
  • 3、Feign简介及应用
    • 简介
    • 应用

1、微服务调用Ribbon

简介

前面已经学了eureka服务注册与发现,但是结合eureka集群的服务调用没学。
这里的话 就要用到Ribbon,结合eureka,来实现服务的调用;

Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器,它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后,Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法,自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多负载均衡算法,例如轮询、随机等。当然,我们也可为Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
在Spring Cloud中,当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时,Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表,并基于负载均衡算法,请求其中一个服务提供者实例。展示了Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时的架构。

初步应用

Ribbon是客户端负载均衡,所以肯定集成消费端,也就是consumer端
修改microservice-student-consumer-80
pom.xml 加入 ribbon相关依赖



    org.springframework.cloud
    spring-cloud-starter-eureka


    org.springframework.cloud
    spring-cloud-starter-ribbon


    org.springframework.cloud
    spring-cloud-starter-config

在application.yml加

server:
  port: 80
  context-path: /
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.wr.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.wr.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.wr.com:2003/eureka/
    register-with-eureka: false

ribbon结合eureka来调用服务提供者;
SpringCloudConfig 要加个负载均衡配置 @LoadBalanced

Springcloud之Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务_第1张图片
因为和eureka整合,所以启动类StudentConsumerApplication_80 加个注解 @EnableEurekaClient
Springcloud之Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务_第2张图片
在服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001的application.yml加下配置,指定下应用名称:

application:
    name: microservice-student

Springcloud之Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务_第3张图片
要修改下StudentConsumerController的PRE_HOST,改成指定的微服务应用名称;
我们的微服务应用名称是 microservice-student
所以服务调用者这边的控制器里PRE_HOST改成 http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT即可;
MICROSERVICE-STUDENT为Eureka注册中心的应用名称
Springcloud之Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务_第4张图片
上面配置好后,就可以测试啦
先启动三个eureka,然后再启动服务提供者,再启动服务消费者;

如果出现下面这个结果,说明配置成功啦
Springcloud之Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务_第5张图片Springcloud之Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务_第6张图片

2、Ribbon负载均衡

按照microservice-student-provider-1001建立一个microservice-student-provider子项目,然后将microservice-student-provider-1001这个子项目干掉;

把之前microservice-student-provider-1001中的包都copy到microservice-student-provider中
然后相关pom



    4.0.0
    
        com.wr
        T237microservice
        1.0-SNAPSHOT
    
    microservice-student-provider


    
        1.8
    
    

        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-test
            test
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
        
        
            mysql
            mysql-connector-java
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-tomcat
        
        
            com.alibaba
            druid-spring-boot-starter
        
        
            com.wr
            microservice-common
            1.0-SNAPSHOT
            compile
        
        
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-eureka
        
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-config
        
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-actuator
        
    

    
        
            
                org.springframework.boot
                spring-boot-maven-plugin
            
        
    



application.yml

---
server:
  port: 1001
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 1234
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1001

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1001
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.wr.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.wr.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.wr.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.wr.testSpringcloud
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://wr.com
  phone: 123456

---
server:
  port: 1002
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 1234
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1002

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1002
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.wr.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.wr.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.wr.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.wr.testSpringcloud
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1002
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://wr.com
  phone: 123456

---
server:
  port: 1003
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 1234
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1003

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1003
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.wr.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.wr.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.wr.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.wr.testSpringcloud
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1003
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://wr.com
  phone: 123456

启动类

package com.wr.microservicestudentprovider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@EntityScan("com.wr.*.*")
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

StudentProviderController.java

@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;

@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
    return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";
}

StudentConsumerController.java

@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
    return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT + "/student/ribbon", String.class);
}

最后配置,启动(先启动注册中心,然后启动服务生产者,最后启动服务消费者)
前面只是一个初步的例子,还没真正的用到ribbon负载均衡,现在先搞三个服务提供者集群
Springcloud之Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务_第7张图片
最后测试结果
eureka注册中心: http://eureka2001.wr.com:2001/
Springcloud之Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务_第8张图片
服务生产者:
在这里插入图片描述
服务消费者:http://localhost/student/list在这里插入图片描述
http://localhost/student/ribbon

Springcloud之Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务_第9张图片

如果此时断了一个服务生产者Provider1001Application,在执行http://localhost/student/ribbon时可能连接的是1001生产者的话就会宕机
Springcloud之Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务_第10张图片

在执行http://localhost/student/list时也是如此
Springcloud之Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务_第11张图片

这种默认的轮询策略是不能满足实际需求的,比如有3个服务提供者,突然挂了一个,这样的话,默认轮询 ,总有1/3的概率访问失败; 所以我们看下ribbon默认给我们提供的策略有哪些??
我们这里用自定义轮询算法
服务消费端 SpringCloudConfig配置类
指定IRule实现;

Springcloud之Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务_第12张图片

3、Feign简介及应用

简介

声明式服务调用Feign简单介绍下;

Feign是一个声明式的Web Service客户端,它使得编写Web Serivce客户端变得更加简单。我们只需要使用Feign来创建一个接口并用注解来配置它既可完成。它具备可插拔的注解支持,包括Feign注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign也支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Spring Cloud为Feign增加了对Spring MVC注解的支持,还整合了Ribbon和Eureka来提供均衡负载的HTTP客户端实现。

这段话看起来比较官方,这里说下实际使用,前面Ribbon调用服务提供者,我们通过restTemplate调用,缺点是,多个地方调用,同一个请求要写多次,不方便统一维护,这时候Feign来了,就直接把请求统一搞一个service作为FeignClient,然后其他调用Controller需要用到的,直接注入service,直接调用service方法即可;同时Feign整合了Ribbon和Eureka,所以要配置负载均衡的话,直接配置Ribbon即可,无其他特殊地方;当然Fiegn也整合了服务容错保护,断路器Hystrix,后面再说。

应用

1、在common项目里建一个service(实际项目肯定是多个service)作为Feign客户端,用Feign客户端来调用服务器提供者,当然可以配置负载均衡;Feign客户端定义的目的,就是为了方便给其他项目调用;
修改 microservice-common
pom.xml引入Feign依赖:



    org.springframework.cloud
    spring-cloud-starter-feign


我们定义了 FeignClient,同时指定了调用的服务名称MICROSERVICE-STUDENT
common项目修改后,maven clean下 然后install下;
新建StudentClientService接口;

package com.wr.microservicecommon.service;

import com.wr.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Student Feign接口客户端
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@FeignClient(value="MICROSERVICE-STUDENT")
public interface StudentClientService {

    /**
     * 根据id查询学生信息
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value="/student/get/{id}")
    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    /**
     * 查询学生信息
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value="/student/list")
    public List list();

    /**
     * 添加或者修改学生信息
     * @param student
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping(value="/student/save")
    public boolean save(Student student);

    /**
     * 根据id删除学生信息
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value="/student/delete/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @RequestMapping("/student/ribbon")
    public String ribbon();
}

新建一个Feign消费者项目;
参考microservice-student-consumer-80建一个microservice-student-consumer-feign-80
代码都复制一份,包括pom.xml
Pom依赖



    4.0.0
    
        com.wr
        T237microservice
        1.0-SNAPSHOT
    
    microservice-student-consumer-feign-80

    
        1.8
    

    

        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-test
            test
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
        
        
            mysql
            mysql-connector-java
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-tomcat
        
        
        
            org.springframework
            springloaded
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-devtools
        


        
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-eureka
        
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-ribbon
        
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-config
        

        
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-feign
        
        
            com.wr
            microservice-common
            1.0-SNAPSHOT
            compile
        
    

    
        
            
                org.springframework.boot
                spring-boot-maven-plugin
            
        
    



SpringCloudConfig.java

package com.wr.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.config;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {

    @LoadBalanced  // 引入ribbon负载均衡
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    /**
     * 自定义调用规则(服务提供者掉线后不再调用,解决轮询问题)
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public IRule myRule(){
        return new RetryRule();
//        return new RandomRule();
    }
}

yml文件

server:
  port: 80
  context-path: /
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.javaxl.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.javaxl.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.javaxl.com:2003/eureka/
    register-with-eureka: false

修改启动类

package com.wr.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;

@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.wr.*.*")
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application.class, args);
    }

}

StudentConsumerController.java

package com.wr.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.controller;

import com.wr.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.wr.microservicecommon.service.StudentClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {
    @Autowired
    private StudentClientService studentClientService;


    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @PostMapping(value = "/save")
    private boolean save(Student student) {
        return studentClientService.save(student);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/list")
    public List list() {
        return studentClientService.list();
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/get/{id}")
    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return studentClientService.get(id);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        try {
            studentClientService.delete(id);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
    public String ribbon(){
        return studentClientService.ribbon();
    }
}

因为用Fiegn,把restTemplate去掉,改成注入service,调用service方法来实现服务的调用;
最后测试负载均衡;
结果和上图一致,只是当其中一个服务宕机了,就直接调用其他两个还可以继续使用。

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