MySQL创建数据库并支持中文字符

我们首先看一下MySQL官方文档：5.7

CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name
    [create_option] ...

create_option: [DEFAULT] {
    CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name
  | COLLATE [=] collation_name
}

通过查看mysql服务器的变量我们知道mysql默认创建数据库开启的字符集是latin1：

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                       |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | gbk                                         |
| character_set_connection | gbk                                         |
| character_set_database   | latin1                                      |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                      |
| character_set_results    | gbk                                         |
| character_set_server     | latin1                                      |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                        |
| character_sets_dir       | D:\Environment\mysql-5.7.32\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

从 character_set_database | latin1 可以看出如果我们创建数据库的时候没有指定字符集，默认就是 latin1。

现在我们需要给创建的数据库db2指定支持中文的字符集 utf8,下面是一行的内容哦！

CREATE DATABASE db2 IF NOT EXISTS db2    
DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8       
COLLATE utf_general_ci;

上面我们就完成支持插入中文数据的数据库的创建，现在我们来思考一个问题，支持中文的字符集就只有utf8，还有哪些呢？它们之间的区别是什么？
我们先来看一下mysql 5.7.x 支持的字符集以及字符规则：

mysql> SELECT version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.32    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET;
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset  | Description                     | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese        | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European               | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European               | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European                | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian           | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European            | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |
| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European     | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |
| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                    | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| ascii    | US ASCII                        | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |
| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese                 | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese              | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew               | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |
| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                     | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |
| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean                   | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |
| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian                | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |
| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese       | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |
| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek                | greek_general_ci    |      1 |
| cp1250   | Windows Central European        | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |
| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese          | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |
| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish              | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian              | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |
| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |
| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode                   | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |
| cp866    | DOS Russian                     | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |
| keybcs2  | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak      | keybcs2_general_ci  |      1 |
| macce    | Mac Central European            | macce_general_ci    |      1 |
| macroman | Mac West European               | macroman_general_ci |      1 |
| cp852    | DOS Central European            | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic              | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf8mb4  | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8mb4_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic                | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf16    | UTF-16 Unicode                  | utf16_general_ci    |      4 |
| utf16le  | UTF-16LE Unicode                | utf16le_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1256   | Windows Arabic                  | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1257   | Windows Baltic                  | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf32    | UTF-32 Unicode                  | utf32_general_ci    |      4 |
| binary   | Binary pseudo charset           | binary              |      1 |
| geostd8  | GEOSTD8 Georgian                | geostd8_general_ci  |      1 |
| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese       | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms  | UJIS for Windows Japanese       | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
| gb18030  | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci  |      4 |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
41 rows in set (0.00 sec)

gb2312、gbk、gb18030、utf8、utf8mb4 这四个字符集都是支持中文。

1. 关于gb2312、gbk、gb18030的介绍参考知乎这篇：三种介绍
2. 关于utf8、utf8mb4的介绍参考这篇：utf8与utf8mb4的区别

如果该篇文章对您有一点点帮助，请点个赞吧！