flutter setState机制

个人网站:chengang.plus

1、定义

setState方法只能定义在State类中,执行这个方法之后,能够更新State限定的StatefulWidget及其子Widget树。

在StatefulWidget执行createElement方法创建StatefulElement对象的时候,会回调到StatefulWidget的createState方法,也就回到了我们自定义Widget继承StatefulWidget的createState方法,从而创建了一个State对象。

这个State持有一个_element和一个_widget对象。

2、State中执行

在State类中定义了setState方法:

@protected
void setState(VoidCallback fn) {
    final dynamic result = fn() as dynamic;
    _element.markNeedsBuild();
}

2.1 标记为dirty

先执行我们的闭包函数fn(),然后执行markNeedsBuild,定义在Element类中:

void markNeedsBuild() {
    if (!_active)
        return;
    if (dirty)
        return;
    _dirty = true;
    owner.scheduleBuildFor(this);
}

2.2 BuildOwner调度重建

当前Element节点被标记为dirty,同时调用owner的scheduleBuildFor方法,owner是BuildOwner类型,看看scheduleBuildFor方法:

void scheduleBuildFor(Element element) {
    if (element._inDirtyList) {
        _dirtyElementsNeedsResorting = true;
        return;
    }
    if (!_scheduledFlushDirtyElements && onBuildScheduled != null) {
        _scheduledFlushDirtyElements = true;
        onBuildScheduled();
    }
    _dirtyElements.add(element);
    element._inDirtyList = true;
}

BuildOwner用来管理那些需要更新的Widget。这个owner最开始被初始化的地方在WidgetsBinding的initInstances方法中,随后初始化了onBuildScheduled方法,对应执行的是_handleBuildScheduled,定义在WidgetsBinding类中,看看这个方法:

void _handleBuildScheduled() {
    ensureVisualUpdate();
}

ensureVisualUpdate方法定义在SchedulerBinding类中:

void ensureVisualUpdate() {
    switch (schedulerPhase) {
      case SchedulerPhase.idle:
      case SchedulerPhase.postFrameCallbacks:
        scheduleFrame();
        return;
      case SchedulerPhase.transientCallbacks:
      case SchedulerPhase.midFrameMicrotasks:
      case SchedulerPhase.persistentCallbacks:
        return;
    }
}

2.2 调度绘制

在提交下一帧绘制的时候会调用到scheduleFrame方法,提交给引擎绘制,看看scheduleFrame方法,也定义在SchedulerBinding类中:

void scheduleFrame() {
    if (_hasScheduledFrame || !framesEnabled)
      return;
    ensureFrameCallbacksRegistered();
    window.scheduleFrame();//native 'Window_scheduleFrame'
    _hasScheduledFrame = true;
}

@protected
void ensureFrameCallbacksRegistered() {
    window.onBeginFrame ??= _handleBeginFrame;
    window.onDrawFrame ??= _handleDrawFrame;
}

提交给引擎绘制之后,会收到onDrawFrame的回调,最终执行到_handleDrawFrame方法中,对应的是handleDrawFrame方法,定义在SchedulerBinding类中:

void handleDrawFrame() {
    Timeline.finishSync(); // end the "Animate" phase
    try {
      // PERSISTENT FRAME CALLBACKS
      _schedulerPhase = SchedulerPhase.persistentCallbacks;
      for (final FrameCallback callback in _persistentCallbacks)
        _invokeFrameCallback(callback, _currentFrameTimeStamp);
    
      // POST-FRAME CALLBACKS
      _schedulerPhase = SchedulerPhase.postFrameCallbacks;
      final List localPostFrameCallbacks =
          List.from(_postFrameCallbacks);
      _postFrameCallbacks.clear();
      for (final FrameCallback callback in localPostFrameCallbacks)
        _invokeFrameCallback(callback, _currentFrameTimeStamp);
    } finally {
      _schedulerPhase = SchedulerPhase.idle;
      Timeline.finishSync(); // end the Frame
      _currentFrameTimeStamp = null;
    }
}

这个_persistentCallbacks在之前的章节有讲到过,在RendererBinding的initInstances方法中添加了一个回调到这个List中,对应的是RendererBinding的drawFrame方法,对对应的节点进行绘制渲染操作。

3、绘制

3.1 开始绘制渲染

但是在WidgetsBinding类中,也覆写了drawFrame方法。在之前的绘制过程章节,可以看到WidgetsBinding相当于是继承了RendererBinding接口,所以先调用WidgetsBinding中的drawFrame方法:

@override
void drawFrame() {
    TimingsCallback firstFrameCallback;
    if (_needToReportFirstFrame) {
      firstFrameCallback = (List timings) {
        if (!kReleaseMode) {
          developer.Timeline.instantSync('Rasterized first useful frame');
          developer.postEvent('Flutter.FirstFrame', {});
        }
        SchedulerBinding.instance.removeTimingsCallback(firstFrameCallback);
        firstFrameCallback = null;
        _firstFrameCompleter.complete();
      };
      // Callback is only invoked when [Window.render] is called. When
      // [sendFramesToEngine] is set to false during the frame, it will not
      // be called and we need to remove the callback (see below).
      SchedulerBinding.instance.addTimingsCallback(firstFrameCallback);
    }
    
    try {
      if (renderViewElement != null)
        buildOwner.buildScope(renderViewElement);
      super.drawFrame();
      buildOwner.finalizeTree();
    } finally {
    }
    if (!kReleaseMode) {
      if (_needToReportFirstFrame && sendFramesToEngine) {
        developer.Timeline.instantSync('Widgets built first useful frame');
      }
    }
    _needToReportFirstFrame = false;
    if (firstFrameCallback != null && !sendFramesToEngine) {
      SchedulerBinding.instance.removeTimingsCallback(firstFrameCallback);
    }
}

看看这里的buildScope方法,定义在BuildOwner方法中:

void buildScope(Element context, [ VoidCallback callback ]) {
    if (callback == null && _dirtyElements.isEmpty)
        return;
    Timeline.startSync('Build', arguments: timelineWhitelistArguments);
    _dirtyElements.sort(Element._sort);
    _dirtyElementsNeedsResorting = false;
    int dirtyCount = _dirtyElements.length;
    int index = 0;
    while (index < dirtyCount) {
        try {
            _dirtyElements[index].rebuild();
        } catch (e, stack) {
        }finally {
            for (final Element element in _dirtyElements) {
                element._inDirtyList = false;
            }
            _dirtyElements.clear();
            _scheduledFlushDirtyElements = false;
            _dirtyElementsNeedsResorting = null;
            Timeline.finishSync();
        }
    }
}

_dirtyElements列表,先从深到浅排序,之后遍历,遍历的过程中执行rebuild方法,此时将所有标记为dirty的Element节点依次执行rebuild,preformRebuild,build,updateChild,update方法,执行界面更新。

当然了,这些build,update操作完成之后,后续会将需要绘制的RenderObject添加到需要layout的列表中,等待绘制渲染。

所有绘制完成之后将_dirtyElements列表清空,_inDirtyList标记位置为false。

3.2 提交给引擎绘制渲染

看看super.drawFrame(),这里就执行到了RendererBinding类中,定义如下:

void drawFrame() {
    pipelineOwner.flushLayout();
    pipelineOwner.flushCompositingBits();
    pipelineOwner.flushPaint();
    if (sendFramesToEngine) {
      renderView.compositeFrame(); // this sends the bits to the GPU
      pipelineOwner.flushSemantics(); // this also sends the semantics to the OS.
      _firstFrameSent = true;
    }
}

这里就是将最终需要绘制渲染的画面提交给引擎绘制的地方了,绘制完成之后就在界面显示更新后的视图了。

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