MySQL-手动离线安装MySQL5.7（rpm）

说明

• Linux下MySQL5.7手动离线安装（rpm）

• 包括：安装MySQL5.7、登陆、远程访问、开机自启动、设置字符集、设置大小写规范等

• MySQL版本：5.7.36

• Linux版本：CentOS7.7.1908

• 关于rpm安装的性能问题的讨论（来自网络）

  理论上源码静态编译方式安装效率会高一点，但具体比rpm方式安装高多少是得看具体情况的，一般情况下能超过5%就很不错了~~
  我感觉现在对于大多数环境，没有必要在这个环节过多纠缠~~
  一般数据库都不是在极限负载环境下长期运行，尤其像mysql这样的产品，如果DBA所管理的数据库性能已经被压榨到需要这3-5%，那我感觉架构设计可能是更大的问题，这种情况下别忙着优化数据库了，想想法子简化架构才是正途~~
  

操作步骤

》下载MySQL

• 地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

• 下载的安装包列表（rpm全量build包）：

  [root@192 MySQL]# ll
  total 541024
  -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 545863680 Jan 27 16:26 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
  

• 解压后rpm包列表：

  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# ll
  total 533076
  -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games  26664808 Sep  8 08:34 mysql-community-client-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games    317808 Sep  8 08:34 mysql-community-common-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games   4118740 Sep  8 08:34 mysql-community-devel-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games  47760636 Sep  8 08:34 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games  23316608 Sep  8 08:34 mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 132191192 Sep  8 08:34 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games   2473272 Sep  8 08:34 mysql-community-libs-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games   1263988 Sep  8 08:34 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 182267476 Sep  8 08:34 mysql-community-server-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 125479900 Sep  8 08:35 mysql-community-test-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  

》开始安装

• 确认并赋予/tmp目录最高权限：chmod -R 777 /tmp

• 检查是否有以下两个依赖：

  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# rpm -qa|grep libaio
  libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
  
  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# rpm -qa|grep net-tools
  net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64
  

• 准备依次按顺序执行以下安装命令：

  rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  

  • 发现安装报错（文件冲突）如下：

  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
  Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
  	file /usr/share/mysql/czech/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64
  	......
  

  • 错误原因是系统安装了mysql-libs，将其卸载：

    [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# yum remove mysql-libs
    

  • 再次进行安装成功：

    [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
    Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    Updating / installing...
       1:mysql-community-common-5.7.36-1.e################################# [100%]
    
    [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
    Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    Updating / installing...
       1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.36-1.el7################################# [100%]
    
    [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
    Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    Updating / installing...
       1:mysql-community-client-5.7.36-1.e################################# [100%]
    
    [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
    Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    Updating / installing...
       1:mysql-community-server-5.7.36-1.e################################# [100%]
    
    

• 检查是否安装成功：

  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
  mysql-community-common-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64
  mysql-community-client-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64
  mysql-community-libs-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64
  mysql-community-server-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64
  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]#
  

• 查看MySQL版本：

  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# mysql --version
  mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.36, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper
  # 或
  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# mysqladmin --version
  mysqladmin  Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.7.36, for Linux on x86_64
  

• 服务初始化：

  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
  

• 查看密码：

  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log
  ...
  2022-01-27T10:18:18.423719Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: dri25jrZA0

• 启动、停止、重启、查看MySQL服务：

  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# systemctl start mysqld
  
  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# systemctl stop mysqld
  
  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# systemctl restart mysqld
  
  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# systemctl status mysqld
  

• 查看进程：

  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# ps -ef |grep -i mysql
  

• 查看是否开机自启动（默认安装完已经加入开机自启动）：

  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# systemctl list-unit-files|grep mysqld.service
  mysqld.service                                enabled
  

• 手动关闭、开启MySQL开机自启动：

  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# systemctl disable mysqld.service
  
  [root@192 mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# systemctl enable mysqld.service
  

》登陆

• 首次登陆（回车后输入刚才查看到的密码，比如本案例是“dri25jrZA0

  [root@192 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
  

• 修改root默认密码，并设置允许root远程访问

  mysql> set password=password('rootroot');
  Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> grant all on *.* to root@"%" identified by "rootroot";
  Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> flush privileges;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> select Host,User from user;
  +-----------+---------------+
  | Host      | User          |
  +-----------+---------------+
  | %         | root          |
  | localhost | mysql.session |
  | localhost | mysql.sys     |
  | localhost | root          |
  +-----------+---------------+
  4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  

• 远程连接成功。如果远程连接不上，请关闭防火墙或者开放端口，我这台虚拟机是关闭了防火墙的。相关命令：

  • 关闭防火墙：

    systemctl start firewalld.service 
    systemctl status firewalld.service 
    systemctl stop firewalld.service 
    systemctl enable firewalld.service
    systemctl disable firewalld.service
    

  • 开放端口：

    firewall-cmd --list-all
    firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
    firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
    firewall-cmd --reload
    

》修改默认字符集

• 查看默认字符集：

  mysql> show variables like 'character%';
  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  | Variable_name            | Value                      |
  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  | character_set_client     | utf8                       |
  | character_set_connection | utf8                       |
  | character_set_database   | latin1                     |
  | character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
  | character_set_results    | utf8                       |
  | character_set_server     | latin1                     |
  | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
  | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  

  • MySQL5.7以及以下版本默认字符集latin1 不支持中文，建表语句如果不设置字符集，默认就是latin1，保险起见还是手动改一下配置。而MySQL5.8默认已经是utf8mb4

• 修改默认字符集为utf8mb4

  [root@192 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
  
  # 在[mysqld]节点下加入下边这一行配置
  character_set_server=utf8
  

• 重启MySQL服务：

  [root@192 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
  

• 重新登录MySQL并查看字符集，已经全部改为utf8：

  mysql> show variables like "%char%";
  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  | Variable_name            | Value                      |
  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  | character_set_client     | utf8                       |
  | character_set_connection | utf8                       |
  | character_set_database   | utf8                       |
  | character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
  | character_set_results    | utf8                       |
  | character_set_server     | utf8                       |
  | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
  | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  

》设置大小写规范

• 默认情况下，windows系统默认大小写不敏感 ，但是 linux系统是大小写敏感的 。

• 查看状态：

  mysql> show variables like '%lower_case_table_names%';
  +------------------------+-------+
  | Variable_name          | Value |
  +------------------------+-------+
  | lower_case_table_names | 0     |
  +------------------------+-------+
  1 row in set (0.01 sec)
  

• 更改状态（可选，根据你的项目需要，比如带有大小写字母的订单号字段）：

  [root@192 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
  
  # 在[mysqld]下加入下边这一行配置（0=大小写敏感，1=大小写不敏感）
  lower_case_table_names=1