Feign使用分析

feign使用

在实现的效果上来说Feign = RestTemplate+Ribbon+Hystrix

Feign实现RestTemplate+Ribbon效果

Feign实现RestTemplate+Ribbon效果,只需要以下几步
在springcloud项目调用方的pom文件中加入openFeign的配置

        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-openfeign
        

在启动类中加入@EnableFeignClients
同时使用接口声明的方式来实现接口调用

@FeignClient(name = "zhao-service-resume")
public interface ResumeFeignClient {
    @GetMapping("/resume/openstate/{userId}")
    public Integer findDefaultResumeState(@PathVariable Long userId) ;
}

这个接口的声明与被调用方的实现完全一样,我们需要在声明时@FeignClient(name = "zhao-service-resume")声明被调用的服务,即可按照默认的方式进行调用
使用单元测试测试即可测试到负载均衡的效果,访问两次,分别访问到8081和8082端口的服务

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = DeliverApplication8091.class)
public class FeignTest {
    @Autowired
    ResumeFeignClient feignClient;
    @Test
    public void feignTest(){
        Integer port = feignClient.findDefaultResumeState(2195321L);
        System.out.println("测试的结果"+port);
     }

}

那么如何在配置类中配置负载均衡呢?格式如下,同时我们还配置了请求的超时时间,在没有配置hystrix的情况下,会出现超时的情况,

zhao-service-resume:
  ribbon: #请求连接超时时间
    ConnectTimeout: 2000
  #请求处理超时时间
    ReadTimeout: 5000
  #对所有操作都进⾏重试
    OkToRetryOnAllOperations: true
####根据如上配置,当访问到故障请求的时候,它会再尝试访问⼀次当前实例(次数由MaxAutoRetries配置),
  ####如果不⾏,就换⼀个实例进⾏访问,如果还不⾏,再换⼀次实例访问(更换次数由MaxAutoRetriesNextServer配置),
####如果依然不⾏,返回失败信息。
    MaxAutoRetries: 0 #对当前选中实例重试次数,不包括第⼀次调⽤
    MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 0 #切换实例的重试次数
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RoundRobinRule #负载策略调整

超时的报错feign.RetryableException: Read timed out executing GET http://zhao-service-resume/resume/openstate/2195321
即是没有配置重试的这几个参数也是同样的效果

Feign实现Hystrix效果

首先是先开启熔断器

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

接着增加超时处理逻辑的相关配置

hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 15000

但是即使我在被调用方只线程休眠了十秒,程序依然被熔断了。查阅资料表明,Hystrix将采用feign和hystrix超时时间中较小的那个进行超时判定


file

增加降级兜底方法

@Component
public class FeignClientFallBack implements ResumeFeignClient {
    @Override
    public Integer findDefaultResumeState(Long userId) {
        return -1;
    }
}

在调用方增加降级配置

@FeignClient(name = "zhao-service-resume",fallback = FeignClientFallBack.class)
public interface ResumeFeignClient {
    @GetMapping("/resume/openstate/{userId}")
    public Integer findDefaultResumeState(@PathVariable Long userId) ;
}

同时可以在@FeignClient中增加path属性,将方法上的公共路径提取到类中

Feign使用上的其他特性

Feign请求压缩和响应压缩配置

配置属性如下

feign:
  compression:
    request:
      enabled: true
      min-request-size: 2048
      mime-types: text/html,application/xml,application/json # 设置压缩的数据类型
    response:
      enabled: true

以上配置包含的两个属性,min-request-size: 2048表示开启压缩的最小值为2048字节,mime-types为支持压缩的数据类型,当前的这几种类型未默认值

Feign请求日志配置

首先在yml中设置具体的类的日志响应级别

logging:
 level:
# Feign⽇志只会对⽇志级别为debug的做出响应
 com.lagou.edu.controller.service.ResumeServiceFeignClient:
debug

然后就是针对feign的log的配置

import feign.Logger;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;


@Configuration
public class FeignConfig {
    @Bean
    Logger.Level feignLevel(){
        return Logger.Level.FULL;
    }
}

需要注意的是,此处引入的是feign.Logger,此处表示的含义是feign将会打印请求的所有信息如下


file

Feign源码简要分析

还是依据前文,依照启动类注解和spring.factories中配置的自动配置类来进行分析,首先我们看@EnableFeignClients注解中的FeignClientsRegistrar的具体内容,实现的依然是Spring中的注入beanDefinition的内容

    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
            BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
        registerDefaultConfiguration(metadata, registry);
        registerFeignClients(metadata, registry);
    }

registerDefaultConfiguration注入默认配置我们基本可以确定就是加入一些默认配置,而registerFeignClients就是最终实现逻辑的地方。而最终实现逻辑的地方是在该方法下的

private void registerFeignClient(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry,
            AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, Map attributes) {
        String className = annotationMetadata.getClassName();
        BeanDefinitionBuilder definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder
                .genericBeanDefinition(FeignClientFactoryBean.class);
        validate(attributes);
        definition.addPropertyValue("url", getUrl(attributes));
        definition.addPropertyValue("path", getPath(attributes));
        String name = getName(attributes);
        definition.addPropertyValue("name", name);
        String contextId = getContextId(attributes);
        definition.addPropertyValue("contextId", contextId);
        definition.addPropertyValue("type", className);
        definition.addPropertyValue("decode404", attributes.get("decode404"));
        definition.addPropertyValue("fallback", attributes.get("fallback"));
        definition.addPropertyValue("fallbackFactory", attributes.get("fallbackFactory"));
        definition.setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE);

        String alias = contextId + "FeignClient";
        AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = definition.getBeanDefinition();

        boolean primary = (Boolean)attributes.get("primary"); // has a default, won't be null

        beanDefinition.setPrimary(primary);

        String qualifier = getQualifier(attributes);
        if (StringUtils.hasText(qualifier)) {
            alias = qualifier;
        }

        BeanDefinitionHolder holder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, className,
                new String[] { alias });
        BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(holder, registry);
    }

而这个类都依赖于 BeanDefinitionBuilder definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(FeignClientFactoryBean.class);几乎可以确定注入的时候就是FeignClientFactoryBean这个工厂Bean在起作用,那么我们在进入里面看一看,工厂Bean最重要的就是getObject返回的类型情况

@Override
    public Object getObject() throws Exception {
        return getTarget();
    }

    /**
     * @param  the target type of the Feign client
     * @return a {@link Feign} client created with the specified data and the context information
     */
     T getTarget() {
        FeignContext context = applicationContext.getBean(FeignContext.class);
        Feign.Builder builder = feign(context);

        if (!StringUtils.hasText(this.url)) {
            if (!this.name.startsWith("http")) {
                url = "http://" + this.name;
            }
            else {
                url = this.name;
            }
            url += cleanPath();
            return (T) loadBalance(builder, context, new HardCodedTarget<>(this.type,
                    this.name, url));
        }
        if (StringUtils.hasText(this.url) && !this.url.startsWith("http")) {
            this.url = "http://" + this.url;
        }
        String url = this.url + cleanPath();
        Client client = getOptional(context, Client.class);
        if (client != null) {
            if (client instanceof LoadBalancerFeignClient) {
                // not load balancing because we have a url,
                // but ribbon is on the classpath, so unwrap
                client = ((LoadBalancerFeignClient)client).getDelegate();
            }
            builder.client(client);
        }
        Targeter targeter = get(context, Targeter.class);
        return (T) targeter.target(this, builder, context, new HardCodedTarget<>(
                this.type, this.name, url));
    }

在上述代码中,基本上就是构造客户端并调用的过程,那么最关键的就是实现了Ribbon功能的负载均衡的loadBalance操作中内容

    protected  T loadBalance(Feign.Builder builder, FeignContext context,
            HardCodedTarget target) {
        Client client = getOptional(context, Client.class);
        if (client != null) {
            builder.client(client);
            Targeter targeter = get(context, Targeter.class);
            return targeter.target(this, builder, context, target);
        }

        throw new IllegalStateException(
                "No Feign Client for loadBalancing defined. Did you forget to include spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon?");
    }

而 targeter.target这段最后都会执行到feign类中的这个方法中

    public  T target(Target target) {
      return build().newInstance(target);
    }

关注到newInstance方法发现最终实现时在ReflectiveFeign类中

  @Override
  public  T newInstance(Target target) {
    Map nameToHandler = targetToHandlersByName.apply(target);
    Map methodToHandler = new LinkedHashMap();
    List defaultMethodHandlers = new LinkedList();

    for (Method method : target.type().getMethods()) {
      if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
        continue;
      } else if (Util.isDefault(method)) {
        DefaultMethodHandler handler = new DefaultMethodHandler(method);
        defaultMethodHandlers.add(handler);
        methodToHandler.put(method, handler);
      } else {
        methodToHandler.put(method, nameToHandler.get(Feign.configKey(target.type(), method)));
      }
    }
    InvocationHandler handler = factory.create(target, methodToHandler);
    T proxy = (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.type().getClassLoader(),
        new Class[] {target.type()}, handler);

    for (DefaultMethodHandler defaultMethodHandler : defaultMethodHandlers) {
      defaultMethodHandler.bindTo(proxy);
    }
    return proxy;
  }

上述可见,最终生成的类实际上一个代理类完成了最终的调用,而在代理对象就完成了最后的负载均衡等处理,生成代理对象使用的死FeignInvocationHandler的invoke方法

  static final class Default implements InvocationHandlerFactory {

    @Override
    public InvocationHandler create(Target target, Map dispatch) {
      return new ReflectiveFeign.FeignInvocationHandler(target, dispatch);
    }
  }

最后执行了相关的编解码操作

  @Override
  public Object invoke(Object[] argv) throws Throwable {
    RequestTemplate template = buildTemplateFromArgs.create(argv);
    Retryer retryer = this.retryer.clone();
    while (true) {
      try {
        return executeAndDecode(template);
      } catch (RetryableException e) {
        try {
          retryer.continueOrPropagate(e);
        } catch (RetryableException th) {
          Throwable cause = th.getCause();
          if (propagationPolicy == UNWRAP && cause != null) {
            throw cause;
          } else {
            throw th;
          }
        }
        if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
          logger.logRetry(metadata.configKey(), logLevel);
        }
        continue;
      }
    }
  }

而执行并解码的操作executeAndDecode中最重要的就是client.execute方法,点进去之后发现,居然最终调用的就是LoadBalancerFeignClient.execute方法


file

最终在该方法中实现了远程调用和负载均衡

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