Oracle数据库startup mount时的报错处理(ORA-01078&LRM-00109)
安装监听
Disconnected
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ netca
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Jun 20 22:50:36 2023
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initrtbrac1.ora'
SQL> startup mount
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initrtbrac1.ora'
错误原因：在oracle9i、10g、11g最近几个版本中，数据库默认使用spfile启动数据库，如果spfile不存在，则就会出现上述错误。
解决办法：
查询pfile文件位置，将pfile目录中的init.ora.2182020183512形式的文件copy到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下命名为initorcl.ora即可。
具体操作如下：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ su - oracle
Password:
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/u01/app/oracle
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ find /u01/app/oracle/ -name pfile
/u01/app/oracle/admin/RTBRAC/pfile
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/RTBRAC/pfile/
[oracle@rac1 pfile]$ ls
init.ora.520202320157
[oracle@rac1 pfile]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[oracle@rac1 pfile]$ cp init.ora.520202320157 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initrtbcat1.ora
[oracle@rac1 pfile]$
再次执行startup 报00845错误
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Jun 20 23:09:22 2023
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initrtbrac1.ora'
SQL> startup
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL>
可能原因：如果memory_max_target/memory_target设置过大，可能导致instance无法启动，报ORA-00845错误。
解决的办法之一是增加tmpfs文件系统的容量:
修改/etc/fstab中tmpfs对应的行；
将原来的tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 改成tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs default,size=1024M 0 0,这样tmpfs增大为1G，重新mount /dev/shm使之生效。
[root@yft ~]# vi /etc/fstab
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=420m 0 0
[root@yft ~]# mount -o remount /dev/shm
[root@yft ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 420M 0 420M 0% /dev/shm
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ exit
logout
[root@rac1 rlwrap-0.46.1]# df -h /dev/shm
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 1.6G 674M 921M 43% /dev/shm
[root@rac1 rlwrap-0.46.1]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@rac1 rlwrap-0.46.1]# mount -o remount /dev/shm
[root@rac1 rlwrap-0.46.1]# df -h /dev/shm
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 2.3G 675M 1.6G 30% /dev/shm
[root@rac1 rlwrap-0.46.1]#
报错ORA-29760: instance_number parameter not specified
RAC环境中在单节点上启动，就要设置这个节点相应的SID，DBCA建库的时候，设置的SID为db，oracle自动将第一个节点默认为db1,因此，添加以下1节点SID，
SQL> startup
ORA-29760: instance_number parameter not specified
SQL> ORA-29760: instance_number parameter not specified
SQL> exit
Disconnected
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=RTBRAC1
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
RTBRAC1
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Jun 20 23:43:31 2023
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
静默删除数据库
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB RTBRAC
Connecting to database
9% complete
14% complete
19% complete
23% complete
28% complete
33% complete
38% complete
47% complete
Updating network configuration files
48% complete
52% complete
Deleting instances and datafiles
66% complete
80% complete
95% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/RTBRAC.log" for further details.
[oracle@rac1 ~]$