参考：https://blog.csdn.net/web_snail/article/details/98507738
一、查看磁盘列表
1.1：lsblk 列出系统上的所有磁盘列表
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 1.8T 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 1.8T 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 200M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sdb2 8:18 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sdb3 8:19 0 446G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 31.4G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 364.5G 0 lvm /home
1.1.1:列出所有磁盘
ll /dev/disk/by-path
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 25 2020 pci-0000:00:01.1-ata-1.1 -> ../../sr0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 25 2020 pci-0000:00:06.0 -> ../../vda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 25 2020 pci-0000:00:06.0-part1 -> ../../vda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 25 2020 pci-0000:00:07.0 -> ../../vdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 25 2020 virtio-pci-0000:00:06.0 -> ../../vda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 25 2020 virtio-pci-0000:00:06.0-part1 -> ../../vda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 25 2020 virtio-pci-0000:00:07.0 -> ../../vdb
1.2：blkid 列出装置的 UUID 等参数
mkfs.xfs -f
# blkid
/dev/sdb1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="08F5-2442" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI System Partition" PARTUUID="4a1e3b5a-4a15-4fe5-84c1-47b1dc4fd1dc"
/dev/sdb2: UUID="c0e00e91-3098-4aa9-b126-289598be66e2" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="2c36a200-75ee-4343-8281-db7994a7dbc0"
/dev/sdb3: UUID="BjBZjl-Se5F-bsDt-SNOE-cTAA-uIet-6N7OKc" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="18edcb81-200e-4966-89e3-2664fdc45256"
/dev/sda1: UUID="cab629d9-3a15-48a3-9b58-55f068c6cf7b" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="1dcffb5c-cd6c-4107-91e2-70dd6ebdd250" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="afcd2091-7723-4d5d-ab10-c331ad3f1a6f" TYPE="swap"
/dev/mapper/centos-home: UUID="e5bc9c34-2f47-4eed-9e2d-c38e4965bdf4" TYPE="xfs"
1.3：parted /dev/sda print （parted 列出磁盘的分区表类型与分区信息）
Model: 未知 (unknown)
Disk /dev/sda1: 2000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system 标志
1 0.00B 2000GB 2000GB xfs
二：磁盘分区
2.1：用 gdisk 或 fdisk 新增分区槽
这里用fdisk: # fdisk /dev/sda
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than
the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal
I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted.
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：m
命令操作
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
2.2：用 参数 'n' 创建一个分区，再用 'w' 写入碰盘 ，可以用'p'参数查看碰盘情况
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：2
起始 扇区 (2048-3907029167，默认为 2048)：2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-3907029167，默认为 3907029167)：3907029167
分区 2 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 1.8 TiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p
磁盘 /dev/sda：2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 字节，3907029168 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 4096 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：4096 字节 / 4096 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x87106dc1
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 3907029167 1953513560 83 Linux
三、格式化磁盘
3.1用 mkfs.xfs -f 格式成xfs
mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sda1
meta-data=/dev/sda1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=122094598 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=488378390, imaxpct=5
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=238466, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
3.2格式化ext4
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1
3.2 更新分区信息partprobe -s
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe -s
/dev/sda: msdos partitions 1
/dev/sdb: gpt partitions 1 2 3
四、文件系统挂载与卸除
4.1通过UUID进行挂载
4.1.1 查看UUID : blkid
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1: UUID="cab629d9-3a15-48a3-9b58-55f068c6cf7b" TYPE="xfs"
4.1.2 通过查到的UUID进行挂载 和通过 目录挂载
# mount UUID="cab629d9-3a15-48a3-9b58-55f068c6cf7b" /data/sda/
# mount /dev/sda1 /data/sda
4.1.3 查看挂载情况 df /data/sda
# df /data/sda
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda1 1952559696 32996 1952526700 1% /data/sda
4.1.4 可以使用umount (将装置文件卸除)
如： umount /data/sda
五：设定开机挂载
# vi /etc/fstab
5.1找出磁盘的UUID sda1的UUID为 adb768f0-e48c-4b72-927d-4ab4127ef1f0
# blkid
/dev/nvme0n1p1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="4881-D9C8" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI System Partition" PARTUUID="8149de76-55f2-4ff4-a6ef-5c6f188cc478"
/dev/nvme0n1p2: UUID="fda6b4be-20b3-458f-81ff-82f95dab4560" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="75cb65aa-2785-485b-995d-565c1bed82ac"
/dev/nvme0n1p3: UUID="yAfYsl-i5rz-pxbR-nTtZ-zpcP-D4Ik-TNSIpX" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="5b3ae21a-4ac7-4802-97d6-5e04557a2112"
/dev/sda1: UUID="adb768f0-e48c-4b72-927d-4ab4127ef1f0" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="236781fe-7508-41f8-ad7e-4e15d0338924"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="3ab26947-9ada-4d3a-b29b-0466d43c3b3a" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="a08df468-5072-482f-ad5c-3909bdbf0660" TYPE="swap"
/dev/mapper/centos-home: UUID="de751e3b-a820-4950-afb2-00ca6d9734ce" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/nvme0n1: PTTYPE="gpt"
5.2写入自动挂载配制文件 vi /etc/fstab
后台加上
UUID=adb768f0-e48c-4b72-927d-4ab4127ef1f0 /usr/local/sddata xfs defaults 0 0
如下图
新加