k8s 集群控制节点,对集群进行调度管理,接受集群外用户去集群操作请求
master节点上的主要组件包括:
1、kube-apiserver:集群控制的入口,提供 HTTP REST 服务,同时交给etcd存储,提供认证、授权、访问控制、API注册和发现等机制
2、kube-controller-manager:Kubernetes 集群中所有资源对象的自动化控制中心,理集群中常规后台任务,一个资源对应一个控制器
3、kube-scheduler:负责 Pod 的调度,选择node节点应用部署
4、etcd数据库(也可以安装在单独的服务器上):存储系统,用于保存集群中的相关数据
node节点上的主要组件包括:
1、kubelet:master派到node节点代表,管理本机容器
2、kube-proxy:提供网络代理,负载均衡等操作
3、容器运行环境(Container runtime)如docker
在开始之前,部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件
首先我们准备了三台虚拟机,来进行安装测试
主机名 | ip | 组件 |
---|---|---|
m1 | 192.168.11.187 | kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube -scheduler,etcd |
n1 | 192.168.11.188 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,flannel,etcd |
n2 | 192.168.11.189 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,flannel,etcd |
【注意】本地部署工作所需要的全部文件均已列出,如果网络不好或者是需要科学上网可以访问到,可以直接使用!
相关文件传送门 点这里这里
然后我们需要进行一些系列的初始化操作
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 关闭selinux
# 永久关闭
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
# 临时关闭
setenforce 0
# 关闭swap
# 临时
swapoff -a
# 永久关闭
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
# 根据规划设置主机名【master节点上操作】
hostnamectl set-hostname m1
# 根据规划设置主机名【node1节点操作】
hostnamectl set-hostname n1
# 根据规划设置主机名【node2节点操作】
hostnamectl set-hostname n2
# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.11.187 m1
192.168.11.188 n1
192.168.11.189 n2
EOF
# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
# 生效
sysctl --system
# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
Etcd是一个分布式键值存储系统,Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储,所以先准备一个Etcd数据库,为了解决Etcd单点故障,应采用集群方式部署,这里使用3台组建集群,可容忍一台机器故障,当然也可以使用5台组件集群,可以容忍2台机器故障
节点名称 | ip |
---|---|
etcd1 | 192.168.11.184 |
etcd2 | 192.168.11.185 |
etcd3 | 192.168.11.186 |
注:为了节省机器,这里与 K8s 节点机器复用。也可以独立于 k8s 集群之外部署,只要apiserver 能连接到就行。
cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具,使用json文件生成证书,相比openssl 更方便使用。找任意一台服务器操作,这里用Master节点。
[root@m1 ~]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
[root@m1 ~]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
[root@m1 ~]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
[root@m1 ~]# chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
[root@m1 ~]# mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
[root@m1 ~]# mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
[root@m1 ~]# mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
[root@m1 ~]# mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
[root@m1 ~]# cd TLS/etcd
自签 CA:
[root@m1 etcd]# cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
[root@m1 etcd]# cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书:
[root@m1 etcd]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
2021/01/29 12:56:38 [INFO] generating a new CA key and certificate from CSR
2021/01/29 12:56:38 [INFO] generate received request
2021/01/29 12:56:38 [INFO] received CSR
2021/01/29 12:56:38 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2021/01/29 12:56:38 [INFO] encoded CSR
2021/01/29 12:56:38 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 626998253804116666178693896935885801741945418830
[root@m1 etcd]# ls
ca-config.json ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem
[root@m1 etcd]# ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem
创建证书申请文件:
[root@m1 etcd]# cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.11.187",
"192.168.11.188",
"192.168.11.189"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
注:上述文件 hosts字段中 IP为所有 etcd节点的集群内部通信 IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的 IP。
生成证书:
[root@m1 etcd]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
2021/01/29 13:01:14 [INFO] generate received request
2021/01/29 13:01:14 [INFO] received CSR
2021/01/29 13:01:14 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2021/01/29 13:01:14 [INFO] encoded CSR
2021/01/29 13:01:14 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 352987269900645375778410919481069285400609343984
2021/01/29 13:01:14 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
[root@m1 etcd]#
[root@m1 etcd]# ls
ca-config.json ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem server.csr server-csr.json server-key.pem server.pem
[root@m1 etcd]#
[root@m1 etcd]# ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
[root@m1 etcd]#
以下在节点 1 上操作,为简化操作,待会将节点 1 生成的所有文件拷贝到节点 2和节点 3.
下载地址:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@m1 etcd]# cd ~
[root@m1 ~]# wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@m1 ~]# mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p #bin里面存放的是可执行文件,cfg配置文件,ssl证书
[root@m1 ~]# tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@m1 ~]# mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
[root@m1 ~]# cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.11.187:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.11.187:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.11.187:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.11.187:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.11.187:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.11.188:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.11.189:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
ETCD_NAME:节点名称,集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR:数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:集群 Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的当前状态,new是新集群,existing表示加入已有集群
[root@m1 ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:
[root@m1 ~]# cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
# 拷贝到节点2
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
#拷贝到节点3
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
然后在节点 2 和节点 3 分别修改 etcd.conf 配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器 IP:
vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 修改此处,节点 2 改为 etcd-2,节点 3改为 etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器 IP ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器 IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器 IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl status etcd
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.11.187:2379,https://192.168.11.188:2379,https://192.168.11.189:2379" endpoint health
如果输出下面信息,就说明集群部署成功。
如果有问题第一步先看日志:/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd
以下在所有节点操作。这里采用二进制安装,用 yum 安装也一样。
(1)下载二进制包
下载地址:https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin
(2) systemd管理 docker
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
(3)创建配置文件
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
registry-mirrors 阿里云镜像加速器
(4)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
systemctl status docker
(1)自签证书颁发机构(CA)
# 切换目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
[root@m1 k8s]# cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
[root@m1 k8s]# cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
(2)生成证书:
[root@m1 k8s]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
2021/01/29 15:17:54 [INFO] generating a new CA key and certificate from CSR
2021/01/29 15:17:54 [INFO] generate received request
2021/01/29 15:17:54 [INFO] received CSR
2021/01/29 15:17:54 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2021/01/29 15:17:54 [INFO] encoded CSR
2021/01/29 15:17:54 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 502058599335845103424504775644770447174262097753
[root@m1 k8s]#
[root@m1 k8s]# ls
ca-config.json ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem
[root@m1 k8s]#
[root@m1 k8s]# ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem
[root@m1 k8s]#
(3)使用自签 CA 签发 kube-apiserver HTTPS 证书
创建证书申请文件:
cd ~/TLS/k8s
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.11.187",
"192.168.11.188",
"192.168.11.189",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书:
[root@m1 k8s]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
2021/01/29 15:21:36 [INFO] generate received request
2021/01/29 15:21:36 [INFO] received CSR
2021/01/29 15:21:36 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2021/01/29 15:21:36 [INFO] encoded CSR
2021/01/29 15:21:36 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 258272723242965946822580152857434852064172528676
2021/01/29 15:21:36 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
[root@m1 k8s]#
[root@m1 k8s]# ls
ca-config.json ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem server.csr server-csr.json server-key.pem server.pem
[root@m1 k8s]#
[root@m1 k8s]# ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
[root@m1 k8s]#
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json<< EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
[root@m1 k8s]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
2021/01/29 15:51:31 [INFO] generate received request
2021/01/29 15:51:31 [INFO] received CSR
2021/01/29 15:51:31 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2021/01/29 15:51:31 [INFO] encoded CSR
2021/01/29 15:51:31 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 356910887774769387939132069692205208873278532262
2021/01/29 15:51:31 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
[root@m1 k8s]#
[root@m1 k8s]# ls kube-proxy*pem
kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem
下载地址:
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.18.md#v1183
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
(1)创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.11.187:2379,https://192.168.11.188:2379,https://192.168.11.189:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.11.187 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.11.187 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--audit-log-maxage=30 \
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
– logtostderr:启用日志
– v:日志等级
– log-dir:日志目录
– etcd-servers:etcd集群地址
– bind-address:监听地址
– secure-port:https 安全端口
– advertise-address:集群通告地址
– allow-privileged:启用授权
– service-cluster-ip-range:Service虚拟 IP地址段
– enable-admission-plugins:准入控制模块
– authorization-mode:认证授权,启用 RBAC 授权和节点自管理
– enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用 TLS bootstrap 机制
– token-auth-file:bootstrap token文件
– service-node-port-range:Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
– kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver 访问 kubelet客户端证书
– tls-xxx-file:apiserver https 证书
– etcd-xxxfile:连接 Etcd 集群证书
– audit-log-xxx:审计日志
(2)拷贝刚才生成的证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
(3)启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver 启用 TLS 认证后,Node 节点 kubelet 和 kube-proxy 要与 kube-apiserver 进行通信,必须使用 CA 签发的有效证书才可以,当 Node节点很多时,这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作,同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程,Kubernetes 引入了 TLS bootstraping 机制来自动颁发客户端证书,kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向 apiserver 申请证书,kubelet 的证书由 apiserver 动态签署。所以强烈建议在 Node 上使用这种方式,目前主要用于 kubelet,kube-proxy 还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。
创建上述配置文件中 token 文件:
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
(4)systemd 管理 apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
(5)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
(6)授权 kubelet-bootstrap 用户允许请求证书
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
(1)创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect=true \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
– master:通过本地非安全本地端口 8080 连接 apiserver。
– leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
– cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file:自动为 kubelet颁发证书的 CA,与 apiserver保持一致
(2)systemd 管理 controller-manager
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
(3)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
(1)创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
– master:通过本地非安全本地端口 8080 连接 apiserver。
– leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
(2)systemd 管理 scheduler
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
(3)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
(4)查看集群状态
所有组件都已经启动成功,通过 kubectl 工具查看当前集群组件状态:
kubectl get cs
如上输出说明 Master 节点组件运行正常。
下面还是在 Master Node 上操作,即同时作为 Worker Node
在所有 worker node 创建工作目录:
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
从 master 节点拷贝:
# 将前面下载的二进制包中的kubelet和kube-proxy拷贝到/opt/kubernetes/bin目录下。
#(master节点)
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin
#scp kubelet kube-proxy [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/bin
#scp kubelet kube-proxy [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/bin
创建kubeconfig文件:
在生成kubernetes证书的目录下执行以下命令生成kubeconfig文件:
[root@m1 ~]# cd ~/TLS/k8s
指定apiserver 内网负载均衡地址
[root@m1 k8s]# KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.11.187:6443"
[root@m1 k8s]# TOKEN=c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940 #这个和上面创建token文件的一致
# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
设置集群参数
[root@m1 k8s]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
设置客户端认证参数
[root@m1 k8s]# kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
设置上下文参数
[root@m1 k8s]# kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
设置默认上下文
[root@m1 k8s]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
#创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件
[root@m1 k8s]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@m1 k8s]# kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@m1 k8s]# kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@m1 k8s]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@m1 k8s]# ls #会多出下面两个.kubeconfig文件
bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig
将这两个文件拷贝到Node节点/opt/kubernetes/cfg目录下。 !!!!不能忽略
[root@m1 k8s]# cp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg
#[root@m1 k8s]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/cfg
#[root@m1 k8s]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/cfg
(1)创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--hostname-override=k8s-m1 \
--network-plugin=cni \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
– hostname-override:显示名称,集群中唯一
– network-plugin:启用 CNI
– kubeconfig:空路径,会自动生成,后面用于连接 apiserver
– bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次启动向 apiserver 申请证书
– config:配置参数文件
– cert-dir:kubelet证书生成目录
– pod-infra-container-image:管理 Pod 网络容器的镜像
(2)配置参数文件
# m1
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
(3)systemd管理kubelet组件:
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
(4)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl status kubelet
master节点:
在Master审批Node加入集群:
启动后还没加入到集群中,需要手动允许该节点才可以。
在Master节点查看请求签名的Node:
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-jsQakenT4ueGHcKXCwgxePQsQHPoGE4Cb4uoij4GhBA 33s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
[root@m1 ~]#
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-jsQakenT4ueGHcKXCwgxePQsQHPoGE4Cb4uoij4GhBA
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-jsQakenT4ueGHcKXCwgxePQsQHPoGE4Cb4uoij4GhBA approved
[root@m1 ~]#
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get node
No resources found in default namespace.
[root@m1 ~]#
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get node
No resources found in default namespace.
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-m1 NotReady <none> 5s v1.18.3
[root@m1 ~]#
注:由于网络插件还没有部署,节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady
(1)创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF
(2)配置参数文件
# m1
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-m1
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF
(3)systemd 管理 kube-proxy
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
(4)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy
先准备好 CNI 二进制文件:
下载地址:https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录:
mkdir /opt/cni/bin -p
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
部署 CNI 网络,安装flannel插件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
默认镜像地址无法访问,修改为 docker hub 镜像仓库。
sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#lizhenliang/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
kubectl get node
部署好网络插件,Node 准备就绪
【注意】建议多等一会,因为需要拉取镜像。如果一直不好,可以进行查看:
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
kube-flannel-ds-4tb92 0/1 Init:0/1 0 114s 192.168.11.187 k8s-m1 <none> <none>
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl describe pod kube-flannel-ds-4tb92 -n kube-system
【注意】如果网络部署出现问题,需要删除kube-flannel.yml,重新开始部署
# 删除flannel
kubectl delete -f kube-flannel.yml
(1)拷贝已部署好的 Node 相关文件到新节点
在 master 节点将 Worker Node 涉及文件拷贝到新节点 192.168.11.188/189
# n1
[root@m1 ~]# scp -r /opt/kubernetes [email protected]:/opt/
[root@m1 ~]# scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@m1 ~]# scp -r /opt/cni/ [email protected]:/opt/
[root@m1 ~]# scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
# n2
[root@m1 ~]# scp -r /opt/kubernetes [email protected]:/opt/
[root@m1 ~]# scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@m1 ~]# scp -r /opt/cni/ [email protected]:/opt/
[root@m1 ~]# scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
(2)删除 kubelet 证书和 kubeconfig 文件(新加的worker node)
rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
注:这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的,每个 Node不同,必须删除重新生成。
(3)修改主机名
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
(4)启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
(5)在 Master 上批准新 Node kubelet 证书申请
kubectl get csr
kubectl certificate approve 生成的name
(6)查看 Node 状态
kubectl get node
最终,所有节点均处于ready状态!
【注意】之后,n1和n2一直都是notready,自己以为出了什么问题,查看了半天
再次到master中查看时,发现n2已经ready了,并且n2拉取到了镜像flannel;但是n1还是notready,而且n1还没有拉取到镜像。所以,我们还是要多等一会,因为拉取镜像需要时间。
又过了一会,n1和n2全部ready,而且全部拉取到了镜像。
conflicting environment variable “ETCD_NAME” is shadowed by corresponding command-line flag
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
这里选择去掉EnvironmentFile
手把手教你部署k8s(二进制方式)-------详解
kubernetes1.16 K8S二进制搭建集群,一主多从