postgresql regular lock常规锁 烤的内嫩外焦，入口即化
专栏内容：
postgresql内核源码分析
手写数据库toadb
并发编程
个人主页：我的主页
座右铭：天行健，君子以自强不息；地势坤，君子以厚德载物.
==================================
介绍
常规锁，主要用于数据库对象的加锁，如表，根据用户请求来加锁 。
它有死锁检测，在事务结束时会自动释放。
regular lock原理
regular lock像lwlock一样会预先在共享内存中分配，对于每一类型需要加锁的数据库对象都会分配一个锁对象。
为了标识具体的数据库对象，所以locktag唯一标识了每个锁，它的内容与加锁对象关联起来。 这里就有个问题，数据库对象可以非常多，锁的数量也很庞大，如何确定锁的数量呢？
regular lock 结构
typedef struct LOCK
{
/* hash key */
LOCKTAG tag; /* unique identifier of lockable object */
/* data */
LOCKMASK grantMask; /* bitmask for lock types already granted */
LOCKMASK waitMask; /* bitmask for lock types awaited */
dlist_head procLocks; /* list of PROCLOCK objects assoc. with lock */
dclist_head waitProcs; /* list of PGPROC objects waiting on lock */
int requested[MAX_LOCKMODES]; /* counts of requested locks */
int nRequested; /* total of requested[] array */
int granted[MAX_LOCKMODES]; /* counts of granted locks */
int nGranted; /* total of granted[] array */
} LOCK;
锁标识 LOCKTAG
锁标识的定义如下
typedef struct LOCKTAG
{
uint32 locktag_field1; /* a 32-bit ID field */
uint32 locktag_field2; /* a 32-bit ID field */
uint32 locktag_field3; /* a 32-bit ID field */
uint16 locktag_field4; /* a 16-bit ID field */
uint8 locktag_type; /* see enum LockTagType */
uint8 locktag_lockmethodid; /* lockmethod indicator */
} LOCKTAG;
locktag 唯一标识一个常规锁，它由6个成员组成， 前四个成员，在不同类型的锁中对应不同的数据
最后一个lockmethodid是定义锁的操作及冲突矩阵，一般采用默认的定义
| LOCKTAG_RELATION | LOCKTAG |
|---|---|
| LOCKTAG_RELATION | locktag_field1 = dboid 当relation 为共享表时 dboid = 0 locktag_field2 = reloid |
| LOCKTAG_RELATION_EXTEND | 同上 |
| LOCKTAG_DATABASE_FROZEN_IDS | locktag_field1 = dboid |
| LOCKTAG_PAGE | locktag_field1 = dboid locktag_field2 = reloid locktag_field3 = blocknum |
| LOCKTAG_TUPLE | locktag_field1 = dboid locktag_field2 = reloid locktag_field3 = blocknum locktag_field4 = offnum |
| LOCKTAG_TRANSACTION | locktag_field1 = xid locktag_field2 = 0 locktag_field3 = 0 locktag_field4 = 0 |
| LOCKTAG_VIRTUALTRANSACTION | locktag_field1 = (vxid).backendId locktag_field2 = (vxid).localTransactionId locktag_field3 = 0 locktag_field4 = 0 |
| LOCKTAG_SPECULATIVE_TOKEN | locktag_field1 = xid locktag_field2 = token locktag_field3 = 0 locktag_field4 = 0 |
| LOCKTAG_OBJECT | locktag_field1 = dboid locktag_field2 = classoid locktag_field3 = objoid locktag_field4 = objsubid |
| LOCKTAG_USERLOCK | 用户自定义锁 |
| LOCKTAG_ADVISORY | locktag_field1 = id1 locktag_field2 = id2 locktag_field3 = id3 locktag_field4 = id4 |
| LOCKTAG_APPLY_TRANSACTION | locktag_field1 = dboid locktag_field2 = suboid locktag_field3 = xid locktag_field4 = objid |
锁流程
初始化
初始化主要获取锁的共享内存区域指针，并且创建本地记录已持有锁的hash空间。
另外还有一个全局hash记录锁持有者，在共享内存中存储。锁的初始化接口如下
void InitLocks(void);
- 获取锁的数量
#define NLOCKENTS() \
mul_size(max_locks_per_xact, add_size(MaxBackends, max_prepared_xacts))
max_table_size = NLOCKENTS();
init_table_size = max_table_size / 2;
每个backend可以最大持有锁的数量由GUC参数决定，最小10，最大为int上限
- 在共享内存中分配锁的内存空间
LockMethodLockHash = ShmemInitHash("LOCK hash",
init_table_size,
max_table_size,
&info,
HASH_ELEM | HASH_BLOBS | HASH_PARTITION);
常规锁在hash中存储，LockMethodLockHash的大小分配初始大小，不够时会再扩展，直到最大值。
- 锁持有者记录的内存空间
锁持有者，按每个锁平均有两个持有者来计算，所以空间大小为
max_table_size *= 2;
init_table_size *= 2;
也是用hash链表来记录，在共享内存中分配
LockMethodProcLockHash = ShmemInitHash("PROCLOCK hash",
init_table_size,
max_table_size,
&info,
HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION | HASH_PARTITION);
- fastpath 信息记录的内存空间分配
FastPathStrongRelationLocks =
ShmemInitStruct("Fast Path Strong Relation Lock Data",
sizeof(FastPathStrongRelationLockData), &found);
- 每个backend自己也会记录自己持有锁信息
LockMethodLocalHash = hash_create("LOCALLOCK hash",
16,
&info,
HASH_ELEM | HASH_BLOBS);
这里也是使用hash，内存是在当前本地内存分配，大小指定为16，这里对于重复持有锁只累积计数。
锁种类
typedef enum LockTagType
{
LOCKTAG_RELATION, /* whole relation */
LOCKTAG_RELATION_EXTEND, /* the right to extend a relation */
LOCKTAG_DATABASE_FROZEN_IDS, /* pg_database.datfrozenxid */
LOCKTAG_PAGE, /* one page of a relation */
LOCKTAG_TUPLE, /* one physical tuple */
LOCKTAG_TRANSACTION, /* transaction (for waiting for xact done) */
LOCKTAG_VIRTUALTRANSACTION, /* virtual transaction (ditto) */
LOCKTAG_SPECULATIVE_TOKEN, /* speculative insertion Xid and token */
LOCKTAG_OBJECT, /* non-relation database object */
LOCKTAG_USERLOCK, /* reserved for old contrib/userlock code */
LOCKTAG_ADVISORY, /* advisory user locks */
LOCKTAG_APPLY_TRANSACTION /* transaction being applied on a logical
* replication subscriber */
} LockTagType;
当前使用regular lock 加锁的数据库对象，由LockTagType定义，每一种对象都有对应的加锁、解锁接口
常规锁接口
表锁相关接口
表锁被分为8级，每级定义了使用范围，同时按等级递增规定了冲突矩阵。
在open表时，使用OID或relid来对表进行加锁，也可以尝试加锁，不进行等待
extern void LockRelationOid(Oid relid, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void LockRelationId(LockRelId *relid, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern bool ConditionalLockRelationOid(Oid relid, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void UnlockRelationId(LockRelId *relid, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void UnlockRelationOid(Oid relid, LOCKMODE lockmode);
以下接口是open之后，进一步对表加锁时调用
此时relation结构可用，直接使用此结构就可以对表加锁
extern void LockRelation(Relation relation, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern bool ConditionalLockRelation(Relation relation, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void UnlockRelation(Relation relation, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern bool CheckRelationLockedByMe(Relation relation, LOCKMODE lockmode,
bool orstronger);
extern bool LockHasWaitersRelation(Relation relation, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void LockRelationIdForSession(LockRelId *relid, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void UnlockRelationIdForSession(LockRelId *relid, LOCKMODE lockmode);
表扩展时相关锁接口
extern void LockRelationForExtension(Relation relation, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void UnlockRelationForExtension(Relation relation, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern bool ConditionalLockRelationForExtension(Relation relation,
LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern int RelationExtensionLockWaiterCount(Relation relation);
计算database frozenxid时的锁接口
extern void LockDatabaseFrozenIds(LOCKMODE lockmode);
每个数据库会计算 frozenxid，然后计算所有库的最小值作为集群的frozenxid;
每个database的值在 pg_database.datfrozenxid 字段中存储
锁定page 时的接口
extern void LockPage(Relation relation, BlockNumber blkno, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern bool ConditionalLockPage(Relation relation, BlockNumber blkno, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void UnlockPage(Relation relation, BlockNumber blkno, LOCKMODE lockmode);
当前只在索引中使用
行锁接口
extern void LockTuple(Relation relation, ItemPointer tid, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern bool ConditionalLockTuple(Relation relation, ItemPointer tid,
LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void UnlockTuple(Relation relation, ItemPointer tid, LOCKMODE lockmode);
事务等待锁接口
extern void XactLockTableInsert(TransactionId xid);
extern void XactLockTableDelete(TransactionId xid);
extern void XactLockTableWait(TransactionId xid, Relation rel,
ItemPointer ctid, XLTW_Oper oper);
extern bool ConditionalXactLockTableWait(TransactionId xid);
主要用于事务隔离冲突时，等待某个事务xid结束时使用
VXID锁接口
extern void WaitForLockers(LOCKTAG heaplocktag, LOCKMODE lockmode, bool progress);
extern void WaitForLockersMultiple(List *locktags, LOCKMODE lockmode, bool progress);
用于 VXID冲突时进行等待
行插入锁接口
extern uint32 SpeculativeInsertionLockAcquire(TransactionId xid);
extern void SpeculativeInsertionLockRelease(TransactionId xid);
extern void SpeculativeInsertionWait(TransactionId xid, uint32 token);
其它数据库对象（除表外）
extern void LockDatabaseObject(Oid classid, Oid objid, uint16 objsubid,
LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void UnlockDatabaseObject(Oid classid, Oid objid, uint16 objsubid,
LOCKMODE lockmode);
跨库数据库对角
extern void LockSharedObject(Oid classid, Oid objid, uint16 objsubid,
LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void UnlockSharedObject(Oid classid, Oid objid, uint16 objsubid,
LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void LockSharedObjectForSession(Oid classid, Oid objid, uint16 objsubid,
LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void UnlockSharedObjectForSession(Oid classid, Oid objid, uint16 objsubid,
LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void LockApplyTransactionForSession(Oid suboid, TransactionId xid, uint16 objid,
LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern void UnlockApplyTransactionForSession(Oid suboid, TransactionId xid, uint16 objid,
LOCKMODE lockmode);
结尾
非常感谢大家的支持，在浏览的同时别忘了留下您宝贵的评论，如果觉得值得鼓励，请点赞，收藏，我会更加努力！
作者邮箱：[email protected]
如有错误或者疏漏欢迎指出，互相学习。
注：未经同意，不得转载！