张改课：初论中国旧石器时代晚期至新石器时代早期墓葬

               初论中国旧石器时代晚期至新石器时代早期墓葬

摘  要 : 旧石器时代晚期至新石器时代早期墓葬的研究，对于认识中国葬俗的起源及早期墓葬的区域性特征具有重要意义。至迟在距今 3.5 万年前的旧石器时代晚期，中国北方的山顶洞遗址中已有墓葬发现，具有居葬合一、注重随葬装饰品的特点，其出现可能与现代人的扩散有关。至新石器时代早期，中国北方和南方的同时期墓葬均表现出居葬合一、结构简单的特点，但在埋葬地点、葬式、随葬习俗流行程度和随葬品种类等方面存在较大差异，这可能与人群来源、文化传统和人群所处自然环境的不同有关。

关键词：中国 旧石器时代晚期至新石器时代早期 墓葬 葬俗起源 区域性特征

Abstract: The study of late Palaeolithic and early Neolithic burials is instrumental to the understanding of the origins of certain mortuary customs and regional characteristics of early burials in China. As early as the late Palaeolithic period around 35,000 years ago, graves already appeared at the Shandingdong cave site in northern China. The residential and mortuary spaces were closely combined at the Shandingdong site.There was an emphasis on burying ornaments in these graves. The appearance of these burial characteristics might have been related to the spread of modern humans (Homo sapiens) in northern China. By the early Neolithic period, whilst burials in both northern and southern China shared some similarity, such as the combination of residential and mortuary spaces and the simple structures of the burials, the differences between the two burial systems were also pronounced. Such differences can be seen in burial locations, burial positions, the popularity of burial artefacts and category of burial artefacts. These differences might have been associated with several factors such as different demographic origins, different cultural traditions,and diverse natural environments of the burials and cemeteries.

Key words: China; the Late Palaeolithic to Early Neolithic; Burials; Origins of Mortuary Customs;Regional Characteristics

原文刊于《文博》2021年第5期

作者张改课