正文
Why journalists covering Ukraine and Russia lean into the many unknowns of war reporting
为什么报道乌克兰和俄罗斯的记者陷入了战争报道的许多未知因素
We're seeing only a small fraction of the action in Ukraine and Russia right now. And some of what we are seeing in social feeds and faraway commentary is distorted. So it's important for news outlets to recognize this knowledge gap and underscore the known unknowns in the minute-by-minute coverage.
目前我们所能看到的只是发生在乌克兰与俄罗斯的军事行动的一小部分。我们在社交媒体和来自远方的评论中所看到的内容有一部分是遭到歪曲的。因此,新闻媒体必须承认这种知识鸿沟的存在,并且在争分夺秒的报道中强调已知的未知因素。
I hate to fall back to the "fog of war" metaphor, but it exists for a reason. The fog is thick right now.
我不想回到“战争迷雾”的隐喻上来,但是这一隐喻的存在自有其道理。现在的迷雾很浓。
Predictions are a fool's errand. Combat is ugly and unpredictable. Everybody needs to look at this with a bit of a sense of humility here.
预测是徒劳无益的。战争是丑陋的,也是难以预测的。每个人都需要怀揣一点谦卑之心来看待这件事情。
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Curfews and checkpoints are two of the practical challenges for reporters in Ukraine right now, on top of the obvious security and logistical concerns.
除了显而易见的安全和后勤保障的问题外,宵禁和检查站是目前位于乌克兰的记者所面临的两个非常现实的挑战。
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CNN's Clarissa Ward in Kyiv described how CNN staffers have been "combing exhaustively through all the social media footage" from Ukraine and Russia, working to geolocate it and "place it in its appropriate context."
CNN 驻基辅记者克拉丽莎·沃德描述了 CNN 员工是如何“全面地梳理所有来自乌克兰和俄罗斯的社交媒体画面”,努力对其进行互联网定位并“将其置于适当的语境中”。
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Among experts who think long and hard about social media and information wars, I'm seeing two different lines of thought. One is that the eyewitness content coming from Ukraine is critically important and compelling — a "TikTok war" in action. That's true. But there is also truth in the other line of thought — that we're seeing relatively little video from the front lines.
在那些苦苦钻研社交媒体和信息战的专家之中,我看到了两种不同的思路。一种认为,来自乌克兰的、由目击者提供的内容至关重要且不容辩驳——这是一场正在进行的“TikTok 之战”。没错。但是另外一种思路也有道理——我们从前线得到的视频还比较匮乏。
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As Emerson T. Brooking of the Atlantic Council's DFRLab wrote, "The buildup was recorded on TikTok and in relative safety. But streaming apps are not good when battery and bandwidth are scarce."
正如大西洋理事会数字取证研究实验室的艾默生·T·布鲁金所写的那样,“战争前夕的情况被记录在了 TikTok 上,(视频的拍摄者也)处在相对安全的位置。但是当电池和带宽不足的时候,流媒体应用就作用有限了。”
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主编:Jojo、Jack
品控:Jojo、Amber
审核:Jack
重点词汇
cover
/ˈkʌv.ɚ/
v. 报道;覆盖
搭配短语:to cover the Beijing 2022 Winter Paralympics(报道北京 2022 冬残奥会)
lean
/liːn/
v. 倾斜,倾向;倚靠
搭配短语:lean against sth.(靠在……上)
例句:A man was leaning against the wall.
搭配短语:lean towards sth.(倾向于……)
例句:I'm leaning towards a laptop rather than a desktop computer.(我更倾向于要一台笔记本电脑而不是台式电脑。)
例句:She leans into the car to say goodbye.(她靠在车上,探进车里说再见。)
fraction
/ˈfræk.ʃən/
n. 小部分
例句:I got these shoes at a fraction of the original price.
commentary
/ˈkɑː.mən.ter.i/
n. 评论;解说
词义辨析:commentary, comment
两者都有“评论”的意思,区别在于 comment 一般就是很简短的几句话,而 commentary 就比较长了,可以是评论文章,也可以是广播或者电视里的实况解说。
例句:The commentary of Wang Meng, the four-time Olympic champion, has been headlining China's main social media.(四次奥运会冠军得主王濛的解说成为了中国主要社交媒体上的头条。)
distorted
/dɪˈstɔːr.t̬ɪd/
adj. 被歪曲的
相关词汇:distort(v. 扭曲;歪曲,曲解)
例句:His face was distorted with rage.(他的脸因为愤怒而扭曲。)
例句:His account was badly distorted by the press.(他的话遭到了媒体的严重歪曲。)
outlet
/ˈaʊt.let/
n. 出版机构,广播电视机构;出口,排放孔
相关短语:let out(放出,释放)
搭配短语:a waste water outlet(污水排放口)
英文释义:a publication or broadcast organization
搭配短语:media outlets(媒体机构)
underscore
/ˌʌn.dɚˈskɔːr/
v. 强调;(尤指为了强调)在(词语)下面画线
近义词:underline
例句:This underscores / underlines the importance of education.
metaphor
/ˈmet̬.ə.fɔːr/
n. 隐喻,暗喻
词义辨析:metaphor, simile
simile 指“明喻”,明喻中会出现像 like、as 这样明确的比喻词,但是 metaphor(暗喻)中不会有。比如在莎士比亚的经典剧作《皆大欢喜》里,有一句台词是 All the world's a stage.(世界是一个舞台),这就是一个暗喻。
文化补充:文中“战争的迷雾”常用来比喻军事行动中的不确定性。
fool's errand
徒劳无益之事
相关词汇:errand(n. 差事)
英文释义:an effort which is unlikely to be successful
例句:He sent me on a fool's errand.(他派我去干一件白费力的事。)
combat
/ˈkɑːm.bæt/
n. 战斗,搏斗
搭配短语:a combat zone(战区)
词性拓展:combat(v. 与……作斗争,防止,抑制)
搭配短语:to combat inflation(抑制通货膨胀)
humility
/hjuːˈmɪl.ə.t̬i/
n. 谦逊
相关词汇:humble(adj. 谦逊的)
例句:His humility is only a pose.(他的谦虚只是一种姿态。)
curfew
/ˈkɝː.fjuː/
n. 宵禁
例句:The whole town was placed under curfew.
checkpoint
/ˈtʃek.pɔɪnt/
n. 检查站
on top of
另外;在……之上
英文释义:in addition to
例句:On top of everything else, I now have to go to work next Saturday!
logistical
/ləˈdʒɪs.tɪkəl/
adj. 与后勤有关的
同义词:logistic
搭配短语:to increase the number of health workers and logistic supplies to the infected areas(增加疫情地区的医务人员和后勤物资)
staffer
/ˈstæf.ɚ/
n. 职员
相关词汇:staff(n. 全体职员,全体雇员)
例句:White House staffers briefed reporters before the president arrived. (白宫工作人员在总统到达之前向记者介绍了一下情况。)
相关词汇:brief(v. 向……介绍情况)
comb
/koʊm/
v. 认真搜寻
词性拓展:comb(n. 梳子)
搭配短语:comb sth. for sb. / sth.
例句:The police combed the whole area for evidence.
exhaustively
/ɪɡˈzɑː.stɪv.li/
adv. 全面地,彻底地
相关词汇:exhaustive(adj. 全面的,彻底的)
搭配短语:an exhaustive investigation
相关词汇:exhausted(adj. 精疲力尽的)
footage
/ˈfʊt̬.ɪdʒ/
n. 一组连续镜头,片段
例句:They got the footage from the security camera.(他们拿到了监控摄像头的录像。)
compelling
/kəmˈpel.ɪŋ/
adj.(理由、论证等)令人信服的;引人入胜的,激动人心的
搭配短语:a compelling film(一部引人入胜的电影)
搭配短语:compelling evidence(强有力的证据)
front line
/ˌfrʌnt ˈlaɪn/
n.(战争的)前线
例句:Tens of thousands of soldiers died on the front line.(数以万计的士兵在前线阵亡。)
buildup
/ˈbɪldˌʌp/
n.(重大活动前的)准备时间
同义词:build-up
例句:He was running 20 miles a week in his buildup for the race.
streaming
/ˈstriː.mɪŋ/
n.(音频或视频的)流动式接收
相关词汇:stream(v. 流动,涌动)
文化补充:这项技术能够在网络上实时传输影音,实现我们所说的“在线观看”,如果不用这种技术,就得在观看前先下载整个文件。
搭配短语:streaming platforms(流媒体平台)
bandwidth
/ˈbænd.wɪtθ/
n. 带宽
相关词汇:band(n. 带子;波段,频带)
相关词汇:width(n. 宽度)
英文释义:the amount of information that can be carried through a computer connection at one time
scarce
/skers/
adj. 缺乏的,不足的
例句:Due to worsening climate conditions, food may become scarce.
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