时间间隔感测试器2.0
最近在学习SOLIDWORKS 2021，想找一个之前已经做好的东西升级一下外观，做的好看一点。之前做的时间间隔感测试器正好符合这个条件：模块不多，稍微改进即可缩小尺寸，变成可以放在手里的掌机了！
1.外壳
正好做IMU的时候还剩下了几片树莓派picow，也可以用arduino ide开发，可以利用利用。于是就按着树莓派pico w，加1.3寸屏，加1.6cm按钮，加3.7v电池盒的尺寸画了个盒子。中间没有什么太大的坑，就是SOLIDWORKS比较耗电脑资源，中途电脑有一定的概率死机或者蓝屏，一定要记得即使保存，否则辛辛苦苦花了几个小时的图纸说没就没了，谁都会崩溃的。再就是尺寸一定要确定好，单位对不对，一个打印的零件可不便宜。
我画的外壳
到了下单的时候，要把图纸另存为stl文件，再发给客服。3D打印只需要stl文件就可以了，但亚克力的话还得和客服确定是否可以通过stl文件来切割亚克力板，不行的话还得再转成工程图。转工程图的时候一定要确定单位是什么，不要出现过定义的尺寸。否则很容易就切错了厚度。像我就是一个很好的例子，亚克力板的厚度旁边有一个过定义的尺寸，是1cm……于是原本是4mm的亚克力上盖就变成了1cm厚的亚克力板砖了
下面是我的图纸，大家可以参考一下，但可能还需要根据自己的实际情况改进一些部分：
外壳图纸-电池盖图纸
外壳图纸-主体盒子图纸
外壳图纸-亚克力上盖图纸
2.时间间隔感测试器2.0的改进
这次更换了开发板，也更换了oled屏，从资料十分稀少的1.3寸sh1106 7针spi屏换成了1.3寸sh1106 4针iic屏。一开始本着“这次是做外壳”的想法，使用了之前用的1.3寸sh1106 7针spi屏的显示库，只是在初始化的时候把spi换成了iic，然后......点不亮，之后发现这个库只适用于uno......但不要紧，还有万能的u8g2显示库，指定了pico w的iic引脚，然后......还是点不亮。之后上网查，发现了树莓派pico（rp2040)只能用一个叫“OneBitDisplay“的闻所未闻的显示库来点亮，这是库自带的例程：
//
// OneBitDisplay library multi-display demo
//
// Demonstrates how to initialize and use multiple displays
//
#include
// Use -1 for the Wire library default pins
// or specify the pin numbers to use with the Wire library or bit banging on any GPIO pins
// These are reversed because I did straight-through wiring for my SSD1306
// and it has the 4-pin header as GND,VCC,SCL,SDA, but the GROVE connector is
// GND,VCC,SDA,SCL
#define GROVE_SDA_PIN 32
#define GROVE_SCL_PIN 26
// These are the pin numbers for the M5Stack Atom default I2C
#define SDA_PIN 21
#define SCL_PIN 22
// Set this to -1 to disable or the GPIO pin number connected to the reset
// line of your display if it requires an external reset
#define RESET_PIN -1
// let ss_oled figure out the display address
#define OLED_ADDR -1
// don't rotate the display
#define FLIP180 0
// don't invert the display
#define INVERT 0
// Bit-Bang the I2C bus
#define USE_HW_I2C 0
// Change these if you're using different OLED displays
#define MY_OLED1 OLED_128x64
#define MY_OLED2 OLED_64x32
// 2 copies of the SSOLED structure. Each structure is about 56 bytes
// There is no limit to the number of simultaneous displays which can be controlled by ss_oled
OBDISP obd[2];
void setup() {
char *msgs[] = {(char *)"SSD1306 @ 0x3C", (char *)"SSD1306 @ 0x3D",(char *)"SH1106 @ 0x3C",(char *)"SH1106 @ 0x3D"};
int rc;
// The I2C SDA/SCL pins set to -1 means to use the default Wire library
// If pins were specified, they would be bit-banged in software
// This isn't inferior to hw I2C and in fact allows you to go faster on certain CPUs
// The reset pin is optional and I've only seen it needed on larger OLEDs (2.4")
// that can be configured as either SPI or I2C
//
// obdI2CInit(OBDISP *, type, oled_addr, rotate180, invert, bWire, SDA_PIN, SCL_PIN, RESET_PIN, speed)
rc = obdI2CInit(&obd[0], MY_OLED1, OLED_ADDR, FLIP180, INVERT, 1, SDA_PIN, SCL_PIN, RESET_PIN, 400000L); // use standard I2C bus at 400Khz
if (rc != OLED_NOT_FOUND)
{
obdFill(&obd[0], 0, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd[0], 0,0,0,msgs[rc], FONT_8x8, 0, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd[0], 0,8,3,(char *)"Display", FONT_16x16, 0, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd[0], 0,56,6,(char *)"0", FONT_16x16, 0, 1);
}
rc = obdI2CInit(&obd[1], MY_OLED2, OLED_ADDR, FLIP180, INVERT, 0, GROVE_SDA_PIN, GROVE_SCL_PIN, RESET_PIN, 400000L); // use standard I2C bus at 400Khz
if (rc != OLED_NOT_FOUND)
{
obdFill(&obd[1], 0, 1);
obdSetTextWrap(&obd[1], 1);
obdWriteString(&obd[1], 0,0,0,msgs[rc], FONT_6x8, 0, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd[1], 0,4,2,(char *)"Display", FONT_8x8, 0, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd[1], 0,28,3,(char *)"1", FONT_8x8, 0, 1);
}
} /* setup() */
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
} /* loop() */ 这个显示库的例程比较复杂，不像u8g2那么简洁，第一眼很难看出每个参数是干什么的，所以我们来详解一下：
#include 引入OneBitDisplay显示库。
// GND,VCC,SDA,SCL(1)
#define GROVE_SDA_PIN 32
#define GROVE_SCL_PIN 26
// GND,VCC,SDA,SCL(2)
#define SDA_PIN 21
#define SCL_PIN 22定义两组iic引脚。
// line of your display if it requires an external reset
#define RESET_PIN -1定义reset引脚，因为大多数iic显示屏未引出reset引脚，所这里填默认值-1.
// let ss_oled figure out the display address
#define OLED_ADDR -1iic地址，这里填默认值。
// don't rotate the display
#define FLIP180 0是否翻转显示，这里不翻转显示
// don't invert the display
#define INVERT 0是否反色显示，这里不反色显示。
// Bit-Bang the I2C bus
#define USE_HW_I2C 0是否手动指定iic引脚，这里手动指定。
// Change these if you're using different OLED displays
#define MY_OLED1 OLED_128x64
#define MY_OLED2 OLED_64x32定义两个屏，一个为12864，一个为12832。
obdI2CInit(&obd[0], MY_OLED1, OLED_ADDR, FLIP180, INVERT, 1, SDA_PIN, SCL_PIN, RESET_PIN, 400000L);iic初始化语句，其中：
&obd[0]
指定一个屏。
400000L
指定iic速度。
obdWriteString(&obd[1], 0,4,2,(char *)"Display", FONT_8x8, 0, 1);显示函数，语法为：
obdWriteString(屏【1】, 滚动,x轴,y轴,(char *)"文字", 字体, 反色, 绘制在缓冲区或屏幕);字体有：
FONT_6x8
FONT_8x8
FONT_12x16
FONT_16x16
FONT_16x32了解了各个函数的用法之后我们就可以写出自己的显示程序了，这是我的显示例程：
//lib
#include
// These are the pin numbers for the M5Stack Atom default I2C
#define SDA_PIN 0
#define SCL_PIN 1
// line of your display if it requires an external reset
#define RESET_PIN -1
// let ss_oled figure out the display address
#define OLED_ADDR -1
// don't rotate the display
#define FLIP180 0
// don't invert the display
#define INVERT 0
// Bit-Bang the I2C bus
#define USE_HW_I2C 0
//oled
OBDISP obd;
//OLED displays
#define MY_OLED OLED_128x64
int n=500;
char buf[10];
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
sprintf(buf, "H%d", n);
// use standard I2C bus at 400Khz
obdI2CInit(&obd, MY_OLED, OLED_ADDR, FLIP180, INVERT, 1, SDA_PIN, SCL_PIN, RESET_PIN, 600000L);
obdFill(&obd, 0, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 3,(char *)"HAND SPEED TEST ", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
delay(2000);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 3,(char *)"Ver: 2.1 ", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
delay(2000);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 3,(char *)"Date: 20221229 ", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
delay(2000);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 3,(char *)" ", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 10,4,(char *)" GO!!! ", FONT_16x16, 1, 1);
delay(2000);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 10,4,(char *)" ", FONT_16x16, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 2,(char *)"Your hand speed ", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8,18,(char *)"is", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 40,(char *)&buf, FONT_12x16, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 58, 40,(char *)"ms", FONT_12x16, 1, 1);
delay(2000);
//obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 40,(char *)" ", FONT_12x16, 1, 1);
//obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 40,(char *)">1s", FONT_12x16, 1, 1);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
//none
} 其中，我自己加了一个显示变量的功能：
//lib
#include
int n=500;
char buf[10];
void setup()
{
sprintf(buf, " %d", n);
// use standard I2C bus at 400Khz
obdI2CInit(&obd, MY_OLED, OLED_ADDR, FLIP180, INVERT, 1, SDA_PIN, SCL_PIN, RESET_PIN, 60000 0L);
obdFill(&obd, 0, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 40,(char *)&buf, FONT_12x16, 1, 1);
}
void loop()
{
//none
} 通过将变量放入缓冲区中，将其转化为ASCII码，再调用字库将其显示出来。
除显示以外的其他功能几乎没有改变，有关于除显示以外的其他功能详见我的另一篇博客：
时间间隔感测试器（下）：Arduino uno
这是采用”OneBitDisplay”显示库的时间间隔感测试器2.0的程序：
#include
// These are the pin numbers for the M5Stack Atom default I2C
#define SDA_PIN 0
#define SCL_PIN 1
// line of your display if it requires an external reset
#define RESET_PIN -1
// let ss_oled figure out the display address
#define OLED_ADDR -1
// don't rotate the display
#define FLIP180 0
// don't invert the display
#define INVERT 0
// Bit-Bang the I2C bus
#define USE_HW_I2C 0
//oled
OBDISP obd;
//OLED displays
#define MY_OLED OLED_128x64
char buf[10];
const int buttonpin = 3;
const int ledpin = 25;
const int vcc = 28;
int buttonpintwo;
int startsignal;
unsigned long timebox;
unsigned long rtime1;
unsigned long rtime2;
int key;
void setup() {
// Start OLED
obdI2CInit(&obd, MY_OLED, OLED_ADDR, FLIP180, INVERT, 1, SDA_PIN, SCL_PIN, RESET_PIN, 600000L);
obdFill(&obd, 0, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 10,(char *)"HAND SPEED TEST ", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 30,(char *)"Ver: 2.2 ", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 50,(char *)"Date: 20230112 ", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
delay (5000);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 10,(char *)" ", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 30,(char *)" ", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 50,(char *)" ", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
pinMode (buttonpin,INPUT);
pinMode (ledpin,OUTPUT);
pinMode (vcc,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite (vcc,HIGH);
startsignal=1;
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 20,8,(char *)" GAME", FONT_16x16, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 12,32,(char *)" START! ", FONT_16x16, 1, 1);
delay (5000);
}
void loop() {
//obdFill(&obd, 0, 1);
if(startsignal==1)
{
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 28,8,(char *)" ", FONT_16x16, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 20,32,(char *)" ", FONT_16x16, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 12,24,(char *)" GO!!! ", FONT_16x16, 1, 1);
rtime1=millis();
}
startsignal=0;
buttonpintwo=digitalRead(buttonpin);
if(buttonpintwo==HIGH){
rtime2=millis();
timebox=rtime2-rtime1;
sprintf(buf, " %d", timebox);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 12,24,(char *)" ", FONT_16x16, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 2,(char *)"Your hand speed ", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 18,(char *)"is", FONT_8x8, 1, 1);
if(timebox<999)
{
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 40,(char *)&buf, FONT_12x16, 1, 1);
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 58, 40,(char *)"ms", FONT_12x16, 1, 1);
}
else{
obdWriteString(&obd, 0, 8, 40,(char *)">1s", FONT_12x16, 1, 1);
}
delay(5000);
startsignal=1;
sprintf(buf, " %d", 0);
}
} 3.rp2040上传出错解决方案
本节主要是有关于rp2040上传出错的一些内容，如果不使用rp2040或是没有碰到这类问题的可以跳过。
方法一
如果怀疑是pc端问题：
重启电脑
重启arduino ide
重新下载开发板驱动
方法二
1.搜索设备管理器：
2.找到“端口（COM和LPT)"：
3.点开“端口（COM和LPT)"，卸载掉开发板：
4.重新进入arduino ide选择串口，点击上传：
方法三
按住BOOTSEL键，进入USB 大容量存储启动模式：
拖放擦除flash的uf2文件：
拖放初始uf2文件：
重新进入arduino ide选择串口，点击上传：
方法四
按住BOOTSEL键，插拔连接开发板和电脑的usb线缆：
重新进入arduino ide选择串口，点击上传：
总结
当你发现你的朋友总是抢到红包的时候，你可以拿出这个，看看他是否用了抢红包外挂......绝无作弊可能，超厚机箱物理隔绝。没有网络接口，没有usb接口，没有串口，所有接口与外界物理隔绝！电池供电，充电五分钟，待机5个月！
