Mysql分区表------范围分区表(新增、删除、重组、查看)

文章目录

  • 一、mysql分区表分类
      • 范围分区(Range Partitioning
      • 哈希分区(Hash Partitioning)
      • 列表分区(List Partitioning)
      • 键值分区( Key partition )
  • 二、范围分区(Range Partitioning
      • 1、新建分区表:
      • 2、分区结构查询:
      • 3、根据分区查数据
      • 4、查看分区表的生成文件
      • 5、添加分区:
      • 6、查看分区
  • 三、删除分区表和删除分区:
      • 1、直接删除分区表:
      • 2、分区删除语句:
      • 3、分区重组织:


一、mysql分区表分类

范围分区(Range Partitioning

哈希分区(Hash Partitioning)

列表分区(List Partitioning)

键值分区( Key partition )

二、范围分区(Range Partitioning

Range partition是按照分区表达式的运算结果,判断结果落在某个范围内,从而将数据存储在对应的分区。各个分区定义之间需要连续且不能重叠,范围分区通过partition by range子句定义,而分区的范围通过values less than子句划分。


1、新建分区表:

定义一个员工表,根据员工ID分区,1-10号员工一个分区,11~20号员工一个分区,依次类推,共建立4个分区:

create table emp (
    id int primary key,
    name varchar(30),
    hire_date date)
    partition by range(id)(
    partition p0 values less than (11),
    partition p1 values less than (21),
    partition p2 values less than (31),
    partition p3 values less than (41)
);
    
现在随便插入几条数据:

insert into emp values(1,'Jim','2022-01-02');
insert into emp values(2,'Ora','2022-02-02');
insert into emp values(11,'Grant','2021-03-02');
insert into emp values(16,'Sun','2021-05-02');
insert into emp values(22,'Han','2020-10-02');
insert into emp values(35,'MJ','2020-11-02');
insert into emp values(45,'BABALA','2019-12-02');
commit;


2、分区结构查询:

show create table test.emp\G;

Create Table: CREATE TABLE `emp` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  `hire_date` date DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (id)
(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (11) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (21) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (31) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (41) ENGINE = InnoDB) */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

表的分区结构中新建的4个分区已新建


3、根据分区查数据

select * from emp partition(p0); – 查询p0分区

select * from emp partition(p0,p1); – 查询p0和p1分区

mysql> select * from emp partition(p0,p1);
+----+-------+------------+
| id | name  | hire_date  |
+----+-------+------------+
|  1 | Jim   | 2022-01-02 |
|  2 | Ora   | 2022-02-02 |
| 11 | Grant | 2021-03-02 |
| 16 | Sun   | 2021-05-02 |
+----+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

根据以上命令可以查询分区的相关数据库信息

4、查看分区表的生成文件


[root@mysql5 /]# cd /data/mysql_data/test
[root@mysql5 test]# ll
total 400
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql    67 Jul 14 09:03 db.opt
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql  8626 Jul 14 09:03 emp.frm
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 98304 Jul 14 09:25 emp#P#p0.ibd
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 98304 Jul 14 09:25 emp#P#p1.ibd
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 98304 Jul 14 09:25 emp#P#p2.ibd
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 98304 Jul 14 09:25 emp#P#p3.ibd

由此可见4个分区文件生成


5、添加分区:

alter table emp add partition (partition p4 values less than(51));

6、查看分区

mysql> show create table test.emp\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: emp
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `emp` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  `hire_date` date DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (id)
(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (11) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (21) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (31) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (41) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (51) ENGINE = InnoDB) */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

新建分区新增成功


三、删除分区表和删除分区:

1、直接删除分区表:

drop table emp;

2、分区删除语句:

alter table emp drop partition p1;

mysql> alter table emp drop partition p1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql>  show create table test.emp\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: emp
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `emp` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  `hire_date` date DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (id)
(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (11) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (31) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (41) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (51) ENGINE = InnoDB) */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

当我们删除p1分区以后,p1分区原来的分区区间定义将由他后面的分区定义区间所继承。而且数据将会被删除。


3、分区重组织:

如果一定要在分区之间插入新的分区,则可以采用重组织的方式,将已有分区的数据重新划分,达到创建新分区的效果:

例如我要将p2划分为2个分区,分别是11-20,21~30:

alter table emp reorganize partition p2 into (
partition p1 values less than(21),
partition p2 values less than(31));

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