解决mysqlclient 1.4.0 or newer is required； you have 0.10.1问题

执行python manage.py makemigrations生成数据库迁移文件时，报错：

    raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.4.0 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.4.0 or newer is required; you have 0.10.1.

解决方案：

---

方案一：在项目的__init__.py中加如下内容：

import pymysql
pymysql.version_info = (1, 4, 13, "final", 0)
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

---

方案二：
查看pymysql版本

$pip freeze
appdirs==1.4.4
asgiref==3.3.1
cffi==1.14.4
cryptography==3.3.1
distlib==0.3.1
Django==3.1.7
filelock==3.0.12
Pillow==8.1.1
pycparser==2.20
PyMySQL==0.10.1
pytz==2020.4
six==1.15.0
sqlparse==0.4.1
virtualenv==20.4.2

升级pymsql

python3 -m pip install pymysql --upgrade

---

以上。