python将dataframe数据导入MySQL

mysql操作

创建数据库test和table

create database test;

CREATE TABLE car (文章ID int, 链接 VARCHAR(255), 标题 VARCHAR(255),
            发文机关 VARCHAR(255), 发文字号 VARCHAR(255), 来源 VARCHAR(255),
            主题分类 VARCHAR(255), 公文种类 VARCHAR(255), 文件内容 LONGBLOB )

pymysql操作

• python安装pymysql
• pymysql连接数据库

connect = pymysql.connect(
            host=self.MYSQL_HOST,
            db=self.MYSQL_DB,
            port=3306,
            user=self.MYSQ_USER,
            passwd=self.MYSQL_PWD,
            charset='utf8',
            use_unicode=False
        )

• 创建游标

cursor = connect.cursor()

• 插入数据

def insert_mysql(self, data_json):
        """
        数据插入mysql
        :param data_json:
        :return:
        """
        sql = "insert into {}(文章ID,链接,标题,发文机关,发文字号,来源,主题分类,公文种类,文件内容) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)".format(mysql_table)
        try:
            self.cursor.execute(sql, (data_json['文章ID'], data_json['链接'], data_json['标题'],data_json['发文机关'],
                                      data_json['发文字号'],data_json['来源'],data_json['主题分类'],data_json['公文种类'],data_json['文件内容']))
            self.connect.commit()
            print('数据插入成功')
        except Exception as e:
            print('e= ', e)
            print('数据插入错误')

• 完整代码

import pymysql
import pandas as pd
 
mysql_host = 'localhost'
mysql_db = 'test'
mysql_user = 'root'
mysql_pwd = 'root'
mysql_table = 'car'
 
class MYSQL:
    def __init__(self):
        # MySQL
        self.MYSQL_HOST = mysql_host
        self.MYSQL_DB = mysql_db
        self.MYSQ_USER = mysql_user
        self.MYSQL_PWD = mysql_pwd
        self.connect = pymysql.connect(
            host=self.MYSQL_HOST,
            db=self.MYSQL_DB,
            port=3306,
            user=self.MYSQ_USER,
            passwd=self.MYSQL_PWD,
            charset='utf8',
            use_unicode=False
        )
        print(self.connect)
        self.cursor = self.connect.cursor()

    def create_table(self):
        self.cursor.execute("""CREATE TABLE car (文章ID int, 链接 VARCHAR(255), 标题 VARCHAR(255),
            发文机关 VARCHAR(255), 发文字号 VARCHAR(255), 来源 VARCHAR(255),
            主题分类 VARCHAR(255), 公文种类 VARCHAR(255), 文件内容 LONGBLOB )""")
 
    def insert_mysql(self, data_json):
        """
        数据插入mysql
        :param data_json:
        :return:
        """
        sql = "insert into {}(文章ID,链接,标题,发文机关,发文字号,来源,主题分类,公文种类,文件内容) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)".format(mysql_table)
        try:
            self.cursor.execute(sql, (data_json['文章ID'], data_json['链接'], data_json['标题'],data_json['发文机关'],
                                      data_json['发文字号'],data_json['来源'],data_json['主题分类'],data_json['公文种类'],data_json['文件内容']))
            self.connect.commit()
            print('数据插入成功')
        except Exception as e:
            print('e= ', e)
            print('数据插入错误')

导入数据并启动

def main():
    mysql = MYSQL()
    df = pd.read_excel('汽车行业政策文本研究.xlsx')
    print(df.columns)
    # orient='records', 表示将DataFrame的数据转换成我想要的json格式
    data_json = df.to_dict(orient='records')
    
    for dt in data_json:
        print(dt)
        mysql.insert_mysql(dt)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

使用pandas导入MySQL

数据库连接引擎

‘mysql+pymysql://[user]:[pwd]@localhost:3306/[database]?charset=utf8’

import pymysql
from sqlalchemy import create_engine

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:root@localhost:3306/test?charset=utf8')   

使用to_sql方法

• name : str
  Name of SQL table.
• con : sqlalchemy.engine.(Engine or Connection) or sqlite3.Connection
• schema : str, optional
  Specify the schema (if database flavor supports this). If None, use default schema.
• if_exists : {‘fail’, ‘replace’, ‘append’}, default ‘fail’
  How to behave if the table already exists.
  • fail: Raise a ValueError.
  • replace: Drop the table before inserting new values.
  • append: Insert new values to the existing table.
• index : bool, default True
  Write DataFrame index as a column. Uses index_label as the column name in the table.
• index_label : str or sequence, default None
  Column label for index column(s). If None is given (default) and index is True, then the index names are used. A sequence should be given if the DataFrame uses MultiIndex.
• chunksize : int, optional
  Specify the number of rows in each batch to be written at a time. By default, all rows will be written at once.
• dtype : dict or scalar, optional
  Specifying the datatype for columns. If a dictionary is used, the keys should be the column names and the values should be the SQLAlchemy types or strings for the sqlite3 legacy mode. If a scalar is provided, it will be applied to all columns.
• method : {None, ‘multi’, callable}, optional
  Controls the SQL insertion clause used:

Raises
ValueError
When the table already exists and if_exists is ‘fail’ (the default).

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel('汽车行业政策文本研究.xlsx')

#将data写入数据库，如果表存在就替换，将data的index也写入数据表，写入字段名称为id_name
df.to_sql('qiche',con=engine,schema='test',chunksize=10000,index=False,if_exists='replace')

pandas读取sql

read_sql_table

pd.read_sql_table可以直接读取数据库的整个table

pd.read_sql_table('car',con=engine,schema='test')

read_sql_query

pd.read_sql_query通过执行sql_query来读取部分表格内容

#sql_query = 'select * from car;'
sql_query = 'select * from car where 公文种类 = "公告";'
df_read = pd.read_sql_query(sql_query, engine)
df_read