一、初识正则表达式
正则表达式 是一个特殊的字符序列,一个字符串是否与我们所设定的这样的字符序列,相匹配
快速检索文本、实现替换文本的操作
json(xml) 轻量级 web 数据交换格式
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import rea='C|C++|Java|C#||Python|Javascript' r= re.findall('Python',a) print(r) if len(r) > 0: print('字符串中包含Python') else: print('No')
['Python']
字符串中包含Python
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二、元字符与普通字符
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import rea='C0C++7Java8C#9Python6Javascript' r= re.findall('\d',a) print(r)
b=''
for x in a: try:
int(x)
b +=x+','
except : passprint(b)
结果:
['0', '7', '8', '9', '6']
0,7,8,9,6,
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'Python' 普通字符 '\d' 元字符
三、字符集
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import re #找出中间一个字符不是C 和F的 单词
s = 'abc, acc, adc, aec, afc, ahc' r = re.findall('a[^cf]c', s) #[a-z] [cf]
print(r)结果:
['abc', 'adc', 'aec', 'ahc']
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四、概括字符集
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#\d 数字 \D 字母 #\w 数字和字母 =[a-zA-Z0-9_] \W\s 空白字符 \S
a='python 11\t11java&678p\nh\rp' r = re.findall('\s', a) print(r)
结果:
[' ', '\t', '\n', '\r']
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五、数量词
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a='python 1111java&678php' r = re.findall('[a-z]{3,6}', a) print(r)结果:
['python', 'java', 'php']
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六、贪婪与非贪婪
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a='python 1111java&678php' r = re.findall('[a-z]{3,6}?', a) #贪婪 与 非贪婪 ?print(r)
结果:
['pyt', 'hon', 'jav', 'php']
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七、匹配0次1次或者无限多次
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# * 匹配0次或者无限多次 # + 匹配1次或者无限多次 # ? 匹配0次或者1次
a='pytho0python1pythonn2pythonw' r = re.findall('python*', a) print(r)结果:
['pytho', 'python', 'pythonn', 'python']
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八、边界匹配符
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qq = '12345678'4~8
r = re.findall('^\d{4,8}/pre>, qq) print(r)
a = '123456789'
4~8 ^规则结尾
e = re.findall('^\d{4,8}/pre>, a) print(e)
结果:
['12345678']
[]
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九、组
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# () 组
a = 'pythonpythonpythonpythonpython'r = re.findall('(python){3}', a) print(r)
结果:
['python'] 代表存在一组(pythonpythonpython) 这样的数据
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十、匹配模式参数
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# I | S 忽略大小写 | 匹配所有字符
lanuage = 'PythonC#\nJavaPHP' r = re.findall('c#.{1}', lanuage,re.I | re.S) print(r)结果:
['C#\n']
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十一、re.sub正则替换
搜索替换
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def convert(value):
matched = value.group() # print(value) <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(6, 8), match='C#'>
return '!!'+matched+'!!' lanuage = 'PythonC#JavaC#PHPC#'r = re.sub('C#', 'GO', lanuage, 1) 返回结果: PythonGOJavaC#PHPC# # s=lanuage.replace('C#', 'GO')
r = re.sub('C#', convert, lanuage) #传入参数
print(r)结果:
Python!!C#!!Java!!C#!!PHP!!C#!!
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十二、把函数作为参数传递
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def convert(value):
matched = value.group() #拿到对象的值
# print(value) <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(6, 8), match='C#'>
if int(matched) >=6 : return '9'
else: return '0' lanuage = 'A8C3721D86' r = re.sub('\d', convert, lanuage) print(r) # A9C0900D99
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十三、search与match函数
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s = 'A8C3721D86'None 从开头开始匹配 假如没有找到相应的匹配结果 返回None 只匹配一次
r = re.match('\d', s) print(r) #None
搜索这个字符串 一旦找到第一个满足匹配的结果就返回 只匹配一次
r1 = re.search('\d', s) print(r1) #<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(1, 2), match='8'>
print(r1.group()) #8
print(r1.span()) # (1, 2)
r2 = re.findall('\d', s) print(r2) #['8', '3', '7', '2', '1', '8', '6']
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十四、group分组
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#提取life 和python 之间的值
s = 'life is short,i use python'None
r = re.search('life.python', s) print(r.group()) #life is short,i use python group(组号)
r = re.search('life(.)python', s) print(r.group(0)) #life is short,i use python group(组号)
print(r.group(1)) # is short,i usegroup(0) 一种特殊情况 匹配正则表达式完整的结果
r = re.findall('life(.*)python', s) print(r) #[' is short,i use ']
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s = 'life is short,i use python, i love python' r = re.search('life(.)python(.)python', s) print(r.group(0)) # life is short,i use python, i love python
print(r.group(1)) # is short,i use
print(r.group(2)) # , i loveprint(r.group(0,1,2)) #('life is short,i use python, i love python', ' is short,i use ', ', i love ')
print(r.groups()) # (' is short,i use ', ', i love ')
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十五、一些关于学习正则的建议
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#\d 数字 \D 字母 #\w 数字和字母 =[a-zA-Z0-9_] \W\s 空白字符 \S # . 匹配除了换行符\n之外其他所有字符 # * 匹配0次或者无限多次 # + 匹配1次或者无限多次 # ? 匹配0次或者1次 # () 组
I | S 忽略大小写 | 匹配所有字符
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python :爬虫,数据处理
十六、理解JSON
JSON 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式
字符串是JSON的表现形式
符合 JSON 格式的字符串叫做 JSON 字符串
{"name":"qiyue"}
JSON VS XML
优势:
跨语言交换数据
易于阅读
易于解析
网络传输效率高
十七、反序列化
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import json # JSON object array
json_str = '{"name":"qiyue","age":18}' s = json.loads(json_str) # dict #反序列化
s = json.loads(json_str) #load() 把json 的数据类型 转换为我们自己语言的数据类型
print(type(s)) #
print(s) #{'name': 'qiyue', 'age': 18}
print(s['name']) # qiyue
json_str = '[{"name":"qiyue","age":18},{"name":"qiyue","age":18}]' s = json.loads(json_str) print(type(s)) #
print(s) # [{'name': 'qiyue', 'age': 18}, {'name': 'qiyue', 'age': 18}]
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JSON Python
object dict
array list
string str
number int
number float
true True
false False
null None
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十八、序列化
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#序列化 为json
student = [
{"name":"qiyue","age":18, 'flag':False},
{"name":"python","age":18}
]json_str = json.dumps(student) print(type(json_str)) #
print(json_str) #[{"name": "qiyue", "age": 18, "flag": false}, {"name": "python", "age": 18}]
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十九、小谈JSON、JSON对象与JSON字符串
JSON 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式
JSON对象 局限于语言
JSON字符串
JSON 有自己的数据类型
虽然它和JavaScript 的数据类型有些相似 但是他们不是一种语言
ECMASCRIPT一个标准 JavaScript ActionScription JSON 实现标准的一种方案
REST 服务